Some electronic products are simple and some are complex. For example, a closed-circuit television system consists of satellite receiver, program recording equipment, editing and playing equipment and signal mixing equipment, line cable, line amplifier, distributor and splitter. In the transmission part, and in the receiver of the terminal. Satellite receiver, amplifier, etc. The whole machine, the circuit board and transformer in the receiver and amplifier are parts, and the components in the circuit board and the skeleton in the transformer are parts. Some electronic products are relatively simple, such as a radio, which is composed of circuit boards, components and shells. These are the whole machine, components and parts, and there is no so-called system.
The formation of electronic products, like other products, has to go through several stages of new product development, trial production, testing and verification, and mass production before it can enter the market and reach users. At all stages of product formation, technicians are involved in solving and determining process plans, production processes and methods.
In the new product development stage, process engineers participate in R&D project team, analyze the technical characteristics and process requirements of new products, determine the equipment and means needed for new product development and production, and propose and determine the process plan for new product production; In the trial-production stage, technicians participate in the process evaluation of the new product prototype, put forward evaluation opinions and improvement requirements on the selection of components, rationality of circuit design, rationality of structure, feasibility of mass production, reliability of performance and function, applicability of production methods, etc. of the new product, and determine the process plan for mass production when the product is finalized; Before the product is put into mass production, technicians should make all technical preparations, prepare work instructions for production process and post operation according to product design documents, design and make necessary inspection tools, prepare procedures for debugging ICT and SMT, confirm components and raw materials, and train operators. In the production process, we should pay attention to collecting all kinds of information, analyzing the reasons, controlling and improving product quality and improving production efficiency.
2 the basic technological process of electronic product production
From the last section, we know that the electronic product system is composed of the whole machine, the whole machine is composed of parts, and the parts are composed of parts. The work of the system composed of the whole machine is mainly connection and debugging, and there is not much production work, so the production process of electronic products we are talking about here refers to the production process of the whole machine.
The assembly process of electronic products is to assemble parts into parts first, and then assemble parts into a whole machine. Its core work is to assemble components into PCBA with certain functions. The electronic process referred to in this book basically refers to the assembly process of circuit board components.
In circuit board assembly, it can be divided into two categories: automatic assembly by machine and manual assembly. Machine assembly mainly refers to automatic sheet metal assembly (SMT), automatic plug-in assembly (AI) and automatic welding. Manual assembly refers to manual plug-in, manual repair welding, repair and inspection.
Production preparation is to shape the raw materials and components to be put into production, such as cutting off the feet of components, bending them into the required shape, arranging wires into the required length, installing plug terminals and so on. These tasks must be completed before the assembly line starts.
Automatic SMT is to attach the components packaged by SMT to the printed board and fix them on the printed board through reflow soldering.
Send the circuit board with components encapsulated on the surface to the automatic plug-in machine, and the machine will insert the pluggable components into the corresponding positions on the circuit board, and then switch to the manual plug-in line after preliminarily fixing the machine angle.
Those components that are not suitable for inserting machine and pasting machine are inserted by hand, inspected and sent to wave soldering machine or immersion welding furnace for welding. After the welding is completed, some unqualified parts of the circuit board are repaired and repaired manually, and then ICT static test, functional performance test and debugging, appearance test and other test procedures are carried out. The circuit board that has completed the above procedures can be assembled in the whole machine.
3 site layout of electronic enterprises
The electronics industry has always been technology-intensive and labor-intensive. The production of electronic products adopts the organization form of assembly line, and the production line is the most suitable process equipment. The design, ordering and manufacturing level of production line will directly affect the quality of products and the economic benefits of enterprises. The layout of the production line is also the on-site process layout of the enterprise. At present, the scale, product structure, technical level, capital status and venue size of electronic enterprises are different, and the utilization and layout of venues are also very different. However, the technological layout of the site directly affects the production organization, site utilization efficiency, smooth logistics, production efficiency and benefit of the enterprise. Improving the design level of production site layout has become a problem that relevant experts and engineers must face.
4 factors that should be considered in the process layout of the design site
The site process layout design of an enterprise is a systematic project, and it is an organic whole with multiple factors interacting, restricting and interdependent. Both hardware and software are considered in the process layout. Hardware includes plug-in line, SMT line, debugging line, assembly line and other production line systems, water, electricity, gas and other power systems, computer network systems, communication systems and so on. The software has smooth production management, surplus logistics, environmental impact and so on. The site layout design must be repeatedly studied and demonstrated by the technical department, the production department, the logistics management department, the quality inspection department and the marketing department, and the optimal scheme must be put forward and reported to the enterprise for decision. The main factors that should be considered when designing the site process layout are as follows.
1) Product structure, equipment investment and scale of the enterprise. Product organization determines the type and quantity of production lines, and the structure of different product production lines is somewhat different; The number of equipment and advanced technology determine the technological process and working procedure; The production scale determines the number of production lines and equipment and the size of the site.
2) Optimization of product production process. The equipment of water, electricity, gas and communication systems in the enterprise should simplify the process as much as possible, shorten the lines of the above systems as much as possible, and save investment.