The first work that can be regarded as an endoscope is Philip? Lichtleiter (German, meaning light conduction device) made by Philip Bozzini in 1806 was used to explore the pores and lumens of human body, but the medical association in Vienna at that time did not allow such exploration and research; It was not until 1853 that the endoscope was really applied to the human body. The appearance of electric light has made a great leap in the light source of endoscope, but at first the light bulb was bigger and placed outside the body. Soon, the small light bulb realized the ideal of internal lighting. For example, in 1908, David successfully used a new internal light source for hysteroscopy.
Jacoby had thoracoscopic surgery in 19 10 and laparoscopic surgery in 19 12, which made him famous for a while. In the1930s, Heinz Kalk of Germany used laparoscopy to examine liver and gallbladder lesions. 1937, Hope presented the report of laparoscopic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. In 1944, Raoul Palmer put the patient in trendelenburg prone position with his head low and his feet high, with an inclination of about 15 degrees, so that the abdominal organs moved to the head and gas was injected into the abdominal cavity, which made the gynecological laparoscopic surgery safer and more reliable.
In the1960s, rod lenses greatly improved the image quality of endoscopes. Basil Hirschowitz invented a glass fiber with excellent optical conductivity and made a flexible diagnostic endoscope. This innovation not only created the first practical medical endoscope, but also made all kinds of endoscopes evolve into the era of fiberscope (a flexible endoscope and an endoscope that transmits light sources and images through optical fibers).
Endoscopes with both examination and operation functions did not appear until the 1970s, when they were only used for young and healthy patients. From 65438 to 0980, tubal ligation and laparoscopic pelvic examination have become essential skills for obstetricians and gynecologists.
1984 completed the first case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and then 1987 completed the first case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in vitro.
/kloc-in the 1990s, laparoscopic surgery was further extended to appendix, spleen, colon, stomach, kidney, liver and other organs. Photoelectric coupling element (CCD) is widely used in the transmission of endoscopic images. From then on, when doctors use endoscopes, they don't have to put their eyes on the eyepiece, but can transmit images to the monitor, so that other medical staff and patients can see the real situation in the body.
With the invention of the surgical manipulator, doctors can remotely control the surgical manipulator. The first transatlantic operation was called Lindbergh operation.
In 200 1 year, the first capsule camera came out, and in the following years, companies successively introduced new models with more perfect functions. For example, a capsule camera in 2004, the capsule is as small as 2 cm long and 1 cm wide, and can transmit 30 frames of 400,000 pixels per second. Some models can be controlled by doctors, tissue slices can be made, or drugs can be delivered to specific parts of patients. These capsules start at 120 USD and can be powered by batteries or wirelessly. Examination of otological diseases: acute suppurative otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media, catarrhal otitis media, tinnitus, sudden deafness, etc.
Examination of nasal diseases: acute rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, hypertrophic rhinitis, sinusitis, atrophic rhinitis, nasal polyps, deviated nasal septum, epistaxis, etc.
Examination of throat diseases: acute pharyngitis, chronic pharyngitis, dry pharyngitis, atrophic pharyngitis, hypertrophic pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, chronic tonsillitis, gland hypertrophy, vocal polyp, vocal nodule, snoring in children and snoring in adults; Work configuration: remarks on resource parameters CPU Celeron 1G Improving this configuration can improve processing speed memory 5 12M Improving this configuration can improve processing speed. Hard disk 80G can be adjusted according to actual data volume, and graphics card 8M can improve image quality. USB interface 2.0 must be improved, otherwise the operating system Windows XP will not work normally, and the system patch needs to be updated immediately. The system component DirectShow 9 does not need to be installed on Windows XP.