1 Apricot varieties suitable for potted plants
Variety selection 1. 1
We should choose a variety with a stretched tree posture, easy formation of flower buds, strong self-flowering and fruiting ability, large fruit, early maturity, bright color and high ornamental value.
1.2 Rational distribution of pollinated varieties
In order to improve the ornamental value and fruit setting rate, each pot of apricot trees should be grafted with branches and buds of apricot varieties with the same, similar or equivalent flowering period and pollinated at the ratio of 4∶ 1
2 Maintenance of stumps
2. 1 plot selection
The plot for cultivating root piles requires high terrain, good drainage, sufficient base fertilizer, ridging before planting, and planting seedlings or root piles on the back of ridges, which is beneficial to cultivating shallow root landscape piles.
2.2 Management and protection of landscape piles
In the process of making landscape piles, the lateral roots growing vertically and horizontally in the rhizosphere of seedlings or root piles are shoveled every 20 days or so to promote the lateral roots around the rhizosphere to divide roots. During the growth of landscape piles, the roots should be exposed by digging properly, and 2 ~ 3 main branches can be selected to be cultivated on the root piles for future grafting; For those that do not need to be grafted again, they can be artificially cultivated into various trees. After 1 ~ 2 years of stump culture, there are no main roots in the rhizosphere of stump, but many shallow lateral roots, and there is no obvious seedling stage after potted, so it can quickly enter the fruiting stage.
Prepare 3 pots of soil
Potted soil requires comprehensive nutrition, rich in sufficient organic matter and various nutrients necessary for apricot growth. Its formula proportion is: high-quality loose garden soil or humus soil 55%, furnace ash 20%, fine river sand 5%, fermented ring fertilizer 15%, plant ash or sawdust 3.5%, calcium superphosphate or bone meal 1%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, urea 0.6544% and trace element fertilizer 0.654.
4 Upper basin
When the fruit tree is dormant, dig out the cultivated apricot stump, shake off the soil around the rhizosphere, trim the roots and branches slightly, and then plant them in the pot. Choose a basin with a diameter of 35 ~ 40 cm. Water the pot and put it in a greenhouse or an arch shed for maintenance, so as to promote the healing of the root system of the pile and the germination of the branches and buds of the tree.
5 flower branch grafting
In order to promote the early flowering and fruiting of stumps, branches with full buds and no pests and diseases should be collected as scions and grafted when the stumps begin to sprout. Use splitting, cutting and budding with xylem. Then use a thick plastic film with good elasticity to bind tightly and firmly. The part of the cuttings exposed from the rootstock is tied tightly with a single-layer plastic film with buds, and the rest is tied tightly with a multi-layer plastic film. The budding method with xylem is tightly bound with a single plastic film with buds. Through years of practical experience, it is proved that the grafted buds can automatically break the membrane and grow well. In order to promote the rapid healing of grafting wounds and improve the grafting survival rate, the temperature in the shed was controlled at 20 ~ 25℃ during the day and around 65438 05℃ at night, and the grafting survival rate was generally above 95%.
6 huaguo maintenance
6. 1 artificial pollination
Most apricot varieties can bear fruit by themselves, but some varieties may not have pollen or less pollen. In order to increase yield, artificial pollination should be carried out.
6.2 flower thinning and fruit thinning
After flowering, remove excessive dense flowers, remove stunted deformed fruits and improperly placed fruits about 20 days after flowering, and set fruits 3-4 weeks after flowering.
6.3 Sticking words
In order to improve the ornamental grade, the words "happiness", "longevity", "auspiciousness" and "happiness" can be pasted before the fruit is colored to improve the artistic value and commodity value of potted apricots.
6.4 foliar spraying fertilizer
Spraying 0.3% urea and 0.2% borax at full flowering stage, spraying 0.2% urea and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate after flowering, and spraying 0. 1 times 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% photosynthetic micro-fertilizer every 15d from fruit expansion stage to fruit coloring stage.
6.5 Application of Growth Inhibitors
Spraying paclobutrazol 200 times in the vigorous growth period of new shoots will make them dwarf and strong, and promote the differentiation and formation of flower buds.
7 Fertilizer and water management
7. 1 topdressing
0.5% liquid fertilizer (livestock manure+cake water+potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mixed fermentation with water) was applied to potted apricot every 7 ~ 10 days during the growing season. For potted apricot with more fruits, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied before and after flower bud differentiation (from early June to early August) and fruit picking.
7.2 watering
The watering time of potted apricots should be done in the morning and evening. High temperature does not supplement the answer: water at noon, soaking, spraying and showering. If there is a long-term drought, borax or potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed to enhance the drought resistance of floral organs and improve the pollination effect.
8 shaping and pruning
8. 1 Plastic Surgery
Potted apricot trees are usually tree-shaped, with three main branches, naturally layered and cylindrical. In the production practice, we can do the modeling according to the needs, or combine the modeling of the stump bonsai, and we can choose the bonsai forms such as "Black Dragon exploring the sea, soaring green leaves, blooming dragons and clouds, and letting a hundred flowers blossom".
8.2 pruning
Pruning is divided into winter pruning and summer pruning. Pruning in winter is mainly thinning and short cutting. According to the tree shape and growth situation, the over-dense branches, inward branches, overlapping branches and diseases and insect pests should be thinned, and the extension head of the main branch should be cut short from the full bud to keep the flower buds as much as possible. Pruning in summer mainly controls the tree shape and branch shape by removing the core, draining, pulling branches and girdling, and promotes the formation of branches and flower buds.
9 pest control
The main pests and diseases of potted apricot are bacterial perforation, red dot disease, gummosis, apricot gall disease, aphid, apricot bee, peach moth, apricot nut shell scale and so on. In prevention and control, it is necessary to give priority to prevention, constantly prevent unremitting efforts, and effectively control the occurrence of pests and diseases. Specifically, it should be done as follows: spraying 3 Baume lime-sulfur mixture on potted apricot trees after defoliation; Spraying 1 85% diflubenzuron suspension concentrate or 1 500 ~ 2000 times 70% diflubenzuron wettable powder alternately from mid-April to early May. From mid-late May to early August, spray 1: 1: 200 times Bordeaux solution, 1, 000 times 90% trichlorfon solution or 1, 000 ~ 2000 times 48% alternately every 5 days.
10 safe overwintering of potted apricot
Potted fruit trees should pay special attention to the cold protection and safe overwintering of roots, prune and water them in time after defoliation, bury potted apricots in the soil before the cold current comes, and cover the aboveground parts with firewood for cold protection; You can also put potted apricots in the cellar, pay attention to keep the temperature between 0 ~ 5℃ and keep the potted soil in a proper moist state, so that you can overwinter safely.