The operation of increasing broken bones is called bone lengthening in clinic. The surgical risks are mainly as follows. First, infection, surrounding soft tissue infection or bone tissue infection, the risk of bone tissue infection is relatively high. Because the infection of bone tissue is difficult to control, it sometimes requires multiple operations, partial bone resection or amputation, bone grafting after infection control, or bone lengthening surgery from other parts to fill bone defects. Second, whether it can meet the requirements, because not all bone lengthening operations can be completely successful. There is a risk of complications in osteotomy lengthening, which requires reasonable planning before operation, careful operation during operation and proper nursing after operation.

Osteotomy and lengthening is one of the means to correct the imbalance of limb length, which is widely used in the diseases of limb unequal length caused by trauma, bone infection, tumor, congenital malformation, or developmental diseases such as dwarfism that need to lengthen limbs.

In the process of skeletal traction extension, the design of nerves, blood vessels, muscles and joints of limbs may lead to various complications and serious consequences if they are not handled properly. Complications of osteotomy and lengthening include muscle contracture and joint stiffness, joint dislocation, axial deviation, neurovascular injury, early healing, delayed healing and nonunion, re-fracture, needle infection and so on.

Most of these cases are related to improper traction operation, excessive traction, excessive tissue damage and periosteal peeling during osteotomy, loose or premature removal of external fixation, incomplete osteotomy and other factors. Clinicians need to plan the operation reasonably, operate carefully during the operation, and give appropriate nursing and rehabilitation guidance after the operation.