1. Choose sandy loam with high and dry terrain, sunny, leeward, south slope, deep soil layer, fertile soil, loose and breathable, low groundwater level, no brittle red plum trees before planting or more than 5 years after planting, and convenient transportation. It should be noted that crisp red plum trees cannot be planted in places where plums or figs have just been planted. Otherwise, it will seriously affect the growth and yield of crisp red plum trees and shorten the life of crisp red plum trees.

Second, the planting period and density are suitable for autumn planting in our region. Because of the high temperature in winter, the root system can heal and grow after planting, but in spring, because the above-ground activity is earlier than underground, the damaged root system recovers slowly, which affects the growth of crisp red plum.

Planting density: the row spacing of flat plants is 3× 3m, and that of mountain plants is 2.5× 3m. Planting method: Rectangular, square and triangle (pig's hoof fork) can be used in flat land, and contour cultivation is mainly used in mountainous areas.

Before planting, dig a large planting hole or ditch (hole depth or ditch depth 0.8m, upper width 1m, lower width 0.8m). When excavating, pay attention to separate the topsoil and subsoil. Complete soil remediation work half a month before planting. Backfill hole

At that time, straw, weeds, green manure, etc. Fill in the bottom layer, sprinkle with lime, and backfill the surface soil. In the middle of the hole, decomposed livestock manure (3-5 kg), cake fertilizer (1-3 kg) and soil miscellaneous fertilizer (30-40 kg) are evenly applied in two layers.

Gold), and then evenly spread calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (2 kg), backfill should be higher than the original ground 15-20 cm, form a steamed bread shape, and then wait to plant seedlings on it.

Third, shaping and pruning

(1) plastic surgery: at present, the natural open-heart type and the two-branch open-heart type are mainly used in production.

2

1, natural happy modeling: widely used in production. Accord with that growth characteristics of plum tree, and has long service life; When planting, the trunk is fixed at 60-70 cm, and the three main branches are scattered on the trunk, which is firmly combined; Fruit branches are evenly distributed and have sufficient light.

Good; Less main branches, more lateral branches, large spacing between main branches, sufficient sunlight, long branch life, large fruiting area, high yield, early fruiting and excellent quality.

The stem is 50 ~ 60 cm high and has 3 ~ 4 main branches (base angle 50 ~ 60℃). Cultivate 2 ~ 3 auxiliary branches for each main branch, and leave more branchlets and branches on the main branch and auxiliary branch to increase the bearing area.

2. Both main branches are happy (Y type): the most suitable tree for wide and narrow rows and close planting. Less trunk branches, ventilation and light transmission, suitable for close planting; No big fruit branches, simple structure and easy shaping.

The stem is 20 ~ 30cm high. Two new shoots with similar growth are selected as main branches, and the two main branches extend from left to right at an angle of 45 ~ 55 between rows. Generally there are 3-4 secondary branches. Secondary main side branch of 1

It is about 35cm away from the trunk, 40cm away from the second branch 1 main branch, and 50cm away from the third branch. This tree is 2 meters high. IV. Management of soil, fertilizer and water

(1) Soil management: The general requirements are: looseness, air permeability, depth, no water accumulation and fertility.

Before planting, you must dig deep into the soil and apply sufficient base fertilizer. After planting, the holes are enlarged year by year to facilitate the expansion of roots and the growth of new roots. Intercropping can be done properly in the young tree period before closing, but beans are the best to avoid planting tall crops.

Green manure or summer heat, feed, etc. Is appropriate; Intercropping is not suitable after canopy closure in the middle stage. A combination of planting grass and clearing tillage can be adopted. In the off-season when crisp red plum trees need water and fertilizer, grass can be planted naturally to prevent soil and water loss. Zaicuihong

In the critical period when plum trees need water and fertilizer, weeding and composting can not only solve the contradiction between weeds and crisp red plum trees, but also preserve water and fertilizer, and provide fertilizer for crisp red plum trees appropriately.

For adult orchards or those with incomplete soil improvement and old trees regeneration before planting, attention should be paid to hole enlargement and deep ploughing, and combined with the application of organic fertilizer again, so as to achieve the purpose of transforming low yield, renewing and rejuvenating.

(2) Fertilization: The demand ratio of crisp red plum to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.0: 0.4: 1.6, which can be used as a reference for fertilization. 1, young trees are fertilized

Its fertilizer requirement is characterized by applying thin fertilizer to young trees in Qin Ying.

Newly planted plum seedlings are not in a hurry to fertilize. After the new shoots turn green, each plant is sprayed with 3-5 kg of 0.2% urea and 0.2% compound fertilizer, or with decomposed human and animal manure or decomposed peanut bran water fertilizer.

(1:20 thinning), which is beneficial to the growth of branches. Once a month, topdressing 5-6 times a year, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. 65438+1October, September-June, and the effect of decomposed farmyard manure is the best. 2. Fertilize adult trees

The characteristics of fertilizer demand are as follows: the crisp red plum trees that generally enter the fruiting period should be applied with base fertilizer once a year and topdressing 3 ~ 4 times.

Re-applying base fertilizer in time: the dosage accounts for 50% ~ 80% of the annual fertilization amount, mainly late-acting farmyard manure, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.5: 1. Base fertilizer should be applied to every 50 kilograms of fruit.

100 ~ 150kg。 The application period of base fertilizer should be from the late September of 10 to the middle and early October of 10, and the principle of "deep, heavy and complete" should be emphasized. Mainly furrow application.

Inorganic fertilizers are mainly applied by experience according to tree potential and yield. Among the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, crisp red plum needs more potassium.

Top dressing: Top dressing 3 ~ 4 times a year is appropriate. For each 50 kg of fruit, topdressing 150-200 kg of human excrement, 2.5-3 kg of urea, 3 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 2-3 kg of potash fertilizer are required.