Grape bud grafting interface in spring is easy to bleed and the survival rate is very low; Branches sprouted by bud grafting in summer are short and thin, and the degree of lignification is poor when frosted in autumn, so it is better to graft grapes with green branches.
The grafting time of green branches is in summer, and the interface is painless in summer, so the survival rate is high. Green branch grafting is the use of older branches. After grafting, the new shoots can be lignified in autumn and can naturally overwinter in the open field. Some varieties must be grafted, such as Ping-Pong Fujiminori grape, which has large grains and high yield, but the self-rooted seedlings propagated by cutting are weak, small grains and low yield, and must be grafted on the rootstocks of other well-rooted grapes (such as Heifeng and Kyoho). Green branch grafting is also beneficial to the replacement and renewal of inferior varieties, and is convenient for the reproduction and popularization of excellent varieties. A large number of seedlings can be grafted with a few branches.
Specific practices are as follows:
1, the rootstock must grow healthily and have complete leaves. After the grapes are harvested, the fertilizer and water management before grafting is carried out. In case of drought, water in advance.
2. The scion adopts the strong branches of the current year which are close to the base, with high lignification degree and full buds. You'd better pick the scion now. If it is a long-distance transportation, it must be moisturized and soaked in clear water for one day and one night.
3. The grafting position of hedgerow grape should be not less than 30cm and not more than 130cm, and each plant should be grafted with 10 ~ 15 buds. Select annual robust branches on the main vine every 20 ~ 30cm, and graft them at a distance of 5 ~ 10cm from the base.
4. When grafting, first cut the petiole on the scion from the base, and cut 1/2 from the back of the bud, and the section should be smooth. Then, take the bud as the center, cut 2cm on both sides, and put them on the rootstock in the same direction. Cut one at both ends of the bud branch with a sharp knife, reaching the pith, and then remove the bud branch to cut off the tissue between them, resulting in a cut with the same size as the bud branch.
5. 165438+ 10 After the leaves of the grapes fell in June, the grafting wound has completely healed, so it can be unbound, leaving a 2 cm incision at the grafting site and thinning the ungrafted rootstock branches.
6. In the spring of the next year, the sprouting strips on the rootstock should be erased in time to facilitate the sprouting of the grafted buds, and comprehensive management such as fertilization, watering, tying vines and coring should be carried out.