Damage pruning techniques are mostly used in the growing season, such as girdling, cracking, twisting tips, taking branches, etc.
Repair indication of damage
(1) cut. Carve a branch on the xylem with a knife.
The carving operation requires a sharp knife and the technique is relatively simple.
However, it should be noted that trees with strong gum secretion and trees with easy gum secretion are not suitable for carving.
Carving injuries are divided into eye injuries, longitudinal injuries and transverse injuries, and their functions are completely different. An eye injury is a wound above or below a bud or branch. The wound is shaped like an eye, so it is called an eye injury. The depth of the injury reaches the xylem. When cutting above shoots or branches, nutrients and water are concentrated on the shoots or branches due to the blockage of wounds, which can promote the germination of shoots or enhance the growth potential of branches.
In plastic surgery, in order to sprout branches in the ideal position, eye injury measures are often taken before germination. When cutting under a bud or branch, the growth potential of the bud or branch is weakened. But due to the accumulation of organic nutrients, it is beneficial to the formation of flower buds.
The deeper and wider the incision, the stronger the effect. Longitudinal injury is a measure to cut branches longitudinally with a knife and reach xylem directly. Its function is to reduce the mechanical binding force of bark, which is beneficial to the thickening and growth of branches and enhance the growth potential.
Poor maintenance and management of flowers and trees, are weak branches thickening ability. No matter how much fertilizer and water are applied to such flowers and trees, the functions of fertilizer and water cannot be fully exerted because of the narrow channels for transporting nutrients and water. Therefore, longitudinal injury should be carried out at the same time as fertilizer and water to reduce the binding force of bark. Longitudinal injury measures should be taken before the growth starts in spring.
When implementing, it is advisable to choose the hardened part of the bark, one longitudinal injury to the branchlets and several longitudinal injuries to the thick branches.
Transverse injury is to cut the trunk or thick main branch a few times and go deep into the xylem. The function is to block the downward transport of organic nutrients, promote the enrichment of branches, facilitate the differentiation of flower buds and promote flowering and fruiting.
② girdling. The measure of stripping the cortex and phloem of branches is called girdling, which is called girdling for short. When operating, cut the xylem twice with a knife ring, and then carefully cut off the middle part.
The function of girdling is to temporarily block the downward transportation of organic nutrients above the girdling site and reduce the content of auxin, so it will inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth.
Therefore, girdling is beneficial to the formation of flower buds and the improvement of fruit setting rate. Generally, after a large number of new shoots and leaves are formed in spring, it is more appropriate to girdle when nutrients are most needed, such as flower bud differentiation, flower drop and fruit expansion.
Because girdling technology is a temporary pruning measure applied in the growing season, usually after flowering or fruiting, the above parts should be gradually cut off in winter pruning, so the trunk, middle trunk and main branch are not used.
Trees with bleeding gums are generally not used.
The girdling technique must leave enough branches and leaves on the branches. Circumcision should not be too wide and too narrow, too wide to heal, which is not good for tree growth; Too narrow, premature healing, can not achieve the purpose of girdling. The width of girdling depends on the thickness of branches and the callus ability of tree species, which is generally 2 ~10 mm.
The belt should not be too deep or too shallow. Too deep will damage xylem, and it is easy to cause girdling branches to break or die. Too shallow, phloem remains, and the girdling effect is not obvious. (3) cracking.
In order to twist the branches into various artistic shapes, the branches often crack when the buds sprout slightly in early spring.
During operation, the branches are cut obliquely with a knife to the depth of 1/2 ~ 2/3 of the branch diameter, and then the branches are carefully bent and butted against each other with the inclined surfaces at the cracked xylem.
In order to prevent the wound from losing too much water, the wound is often bandaged. (4) twist the tip (branch) and take the branch (tip).
Both are measures to sprain branches.
Twisting branches means twisting flourishing branches downward, and both xylem and cortex are sprained, thus changing the direction of branches.
Holding a branch is to pinch the tip of the king from the base to the top by hand, which hurts the xylem and makes it sound without breaking. Usually, flower farmers say, "it doesn't hurt the skin to move the bones."
These methods will affect the transport of nutrients, thus reducing the growth potential.
Promoting the formation of short branches is beneficial to the differentiation of flower buds.
The function of broken tip and branch is similar, and it can be applied if necessary.