And the brand's unique black technology, intelligent management, five-kilometer online promotion, WeChat marketing, app automatic order taking and other functions can all improve profit points. In addition, other additional projects can be grafted while operating dry cleaners to maximize profits. The company will also provide raw materials from time to time to help you recover the cost faster.
Therefore, the high-profit Oberson brand is a good choice.
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Prevention and treatment of gastric cancer: eggplant contains solanine, which can inhibit the proliferation of digestive system tumors and has a certain effect on prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. In addition, eggplant also has the effects of clearing heat, stopping bleeding, reducing swelling and relieving pain.
3. Anti-aging: Eggplant contains vitamin E, which has hemostatic and anti-aging effects. Eating eggplant regularly can prevent the cholesterol level in the blood from rising, which has positive significance for delaying human aging.
4. Clearing away heat and promoting blood circulation, reducing swelling and relieving pain: taking steamed eggplant every day and taking it for a long time can effectively treat internal hemorrhoid bleeding and relieve constipation. Medical research also shows that eating eggplant often has a certain therapeutic effect on chronic gastritis, nephritis and edema.
⒌ Protect cardiovascular system and ascorbic acid: Eggplant is rich in vitamin P, which can enhance the adhesion between human cells, enhance the elasticity of capillaries, reduce the brittleness and permeability of capillaries, prevent microvascular rupture and bleeding, and keep the cardiovascular system normal. In addition, eggplant can also prevent scurvy and promote wound healing.
6. Treatment of chilblain: Take two or three eggplant seedlings (with roots) in winter field and fry them in water. After the water is boiled, boil for 20 minutes. Wash the affected area of chilblain with this water and scrub the affected area with eggplant seedlings at the same time. It can be cured in two or three times. [ 14]
Once clearing away heat and toxic materials
Especially suitable for people who are prone to prickly heat and sores. [ 13]
⒏ lower cholesterol
Eggplant contains saponins, which can promote the synthesis of protein, lipids and nucleic acids, improve oxygen supply capacity, improve blood flow, prevent thrombosis and improve immunity. It also has the effect of improving sexual ability for men. In addition, this ingredient is commonly used in medicine to lower cholesterol in the body. [ 13]
Disadvantaged population
1. Because eggplant is a cool vegetable, pregnant women with dyspepsia, diarrhea, spleen and stomach weakness and loose stool symptoms should not eat more.
When choosing eggplant, pregnant women friends should also choose fresh eggplant. It is best not to choose old eggplant, especially after autumn, which contains more solanine, which is harmful to human body and should not be eaten more.
Eggplant is extremely low in calories, so the elderly and obese people may wish to eat it often. Eggplant is cold, people who are prone to prickly heat and sores can eat more, but people with spleen and stomach deficiency and asthma should not eat more.
4. Eggplant after autumn has certain toxin and bitter taste. It is best to eat less, especially for diabetics, and try not to eat eggplant before surgery.
Matters needing attention
1. Eggplant should be vegetarian as well as vegetarian. You can fry, bake, steam, boil, fry, cool and make soup. It is best not to peel eggplant, because eggplant skin contains vitamin B, which is a good partner of vitamin C. The metabolism of vitamin C needs vitamin B. Eating eggplant with skin helps to promote the absorption of vitamin C. Eggplant should not be eaten raw to avoid poisoning.
Although there are many ways to eat eggplant, most of them are cooked at high temperature and for a long time, which is not only greasy, but also has a great loss of nutrition. The vitamin loss of fried eggplant can reach more than 50%. Of all the ways to eat eggplant, mashed potatoes are the healthiest.
Eggplant and crab meat are both cold foods. Eating together often causes gastrointestinal discomfort, and in severe cases, it can lead to diarrhea, especially for people with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold.
Eating eggplant raw is poisonous. Raw eggplant contains a toxin called solanine (also known as solanine), and solanine is more toxic in germinated potatoes! Solanum nigrum exists not only in potato buds, but also in raw eggplant. You see, even the name is "solanine"
5. When choosing eggplant during pregnancy, friends should also choose fresh eggplant. It is best not to choose old eggplant, especially after autumn, which contains more solanine, which is harmful to human body and should not be eaten more. [ 15]
Eating a lot of raw eggplant is easy to be poisoned.
There is a substance called solanine in eggplant, which has the effects of antioxidation and inhibition of cancer cells, and is one of the sources of eggplant health care; However, it has a strong stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract and an anesthetic effect on the respiratory center. If the human body ingests too much, it will be poisoned.
Solanine is basically insoluble in water and cannot be removed by blanching, boiling and other methods. Adding vinegar to cooking helps to destroy and decompose solanine.
The best way to prevent solanine poisoning is naturally to control intake. However, under normal circumstances, eating about 250 grams of eggplant for a meal will not cause any discomfort, so don't be too alarmed. [ 15]
officinal
Eggplant tastes sweet and cold, enters the spleen and stomach and intestines, and has the effects of clearing heat, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, diuresis, reducing swelling and moistening intestines. Treat blood caused by intestinal wind, heat, toxic sores and skin ulcers. Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty recorded in his book Compendium of Materia Medica that eggplant can cure cold and heat, fatigue of five internal organs and epidemic febrile diseases. According to the dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine, the main chemical components of eggplant contain many alkaloids, such as fenugreek, stachydrine, choline and solanine. Eggplant skin contains anthocyanins and perilla glycosides. [ 16]
economy
Eggplant has high yield, broad market and remarkable economic benefits. In terms of production scale, it has developed from decentralized planting in rural areas to large-scale commercial production, which has become one of the projects for vegetable farmers to become rich. In Shouguang, Shandong Province, eggplant is cultivated in autumn and winter stubble, winter stubble and winter and spring stubble, which is one of the main fresh and tender berry commercial vegetables that can be exported in winter and spring. Due to the high out-of-season price, eggplant generally produces fresh fruit 150-225 tons per crop, with a net income of 300,000-450,000 yuan/hectare. [ 17]
One is red raisin, with bright red or purple fruit and beautiful appearance, named "red soil" and "late red". Young leaves are lavender, smooth and with fine hairs on the back. Adult leaves are large and heart-shaped, 5.
The leaves are smooth and shiny, and there is no fine hair on the back. Amphoteric flowers. The fruit has moderate elasticity. The ear of fruit generally weighs about 800 grams, and the maximum ear weight is 2500 grams. Average grain weight 13g, maximum grain weight 25g. Fruit will not crack, rot or fall. The peel is medium thick and difficult to peel, with sugar content of 18-20 degrees. Crisp, sweet, sour and astringent, with excellent taste, it can be stored in nature for more than 3 months and stored continuously in a constant temperature kiln for more than 8 months.
It germinated in the middle and early March, and the first real leaf was exhibited in the middle and late March. The fruit ripens in late September. It grows vigorously and bears fruit early. It bears fruit in the second year after planting, and the output in the third year (1 mu: 667 square meters, the same below) is more than 2000 kg. Another variety is black raisin with purple-black fruit, bright as lacquer, thick fruit powder and beautiful appearance, named "Autumn Black". The fruit grains are closely planted on the ear, with the same size and beautiful ear shape. The average ear weight is 750g, and the maximum ear weight is 1700g. The fruit is broadly ovoid with a thick peel. The flesh is yellow-green, sliced, crisp, sweet and refreshing, with sugar content of 18-20 degrees, and excellent quality. Mature in mid-September. The fruit is firmly planted, has strong tensile strength, is extremely resistant to storage and transportation, can be stored until March of the following year, has disease resistance and high yield, and begins to bear fruit in the second year after planting, and the yield per mu can reach more than 2000 kilograms in the third year, and enters the full fruit period in the fourth or fifth year.
In addition, there are two European grapes "Victoria" and "August" that can be seen in the city. The former is bluish yellow and the latter is golden yellow. The fruit has high hardness, sugar content above 18 degrees, sweet taste, good quality, disease resistance and high yield, and matures in the middle and late July.
To ensure the output in the coming year. Pitaya can be planted in various ways, such as climbing the wall or building a shed, but column cultivation is the most common, which has the advantages of low production cost and high land utilization rate.
The so-called column planting is to erect a cement column or a wooden column, and plant 3-4 pitaya seedlings around the column so that the pitaya seedlings can grow along the column. Planting specifications: row spacing of double-season columns 1.5m× 2m, 4 plants are planted around each column, and 750 plants can be planted every 667m2. Pitaya can be planted all year round. Be careful not to plant it too deep. It can be planted about 3 cm deep, and the soil should be kept moist at the beginning. [3]
Water management
Pitaya grows rapidly in a warm, humid and sunny environment. The soil in the whole garden should be kept moist during the growth of seedlings. Water more in spring and summer to keep the root system growing vigorously. Keeping the soil moist during fruit expansion is beneficial to fruit growth.
Do not soak for a long time when pouring water, and do not spray water frequently from beginning to end. Immersion irrigation will make the roots die of hypoxia for a long time, and drenching water will make the humidity uneven and induce erythema (physiological disease). Drainage should be carried out in time in rainy weather, so as not to be infected with germs and cause the stem meat to rot. Water should be controlled in the garden in winter to enhance the cold resistance of branches.
1. Yellow leaves (red spots on pitaya leaves, yellow leaves and iron deficiency)
Treatment method:
1, branch spraying: fruit trees with serious diseases,
Before germination, 0.3-0.5% ferrous sulfate solution or mixed solution of copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate and lime (0.5 kg of copper sulfate, 1.25 kg of quicklime, 160 kg of water) can be sprayed to control the occurrence of diseases.
2. Trunk injection: The most commonly used and effective solution is 0.05-0. 1% ferrous sulfate solution. Injection with 0.05-0. 1% ferric citrate solution also has certain effect.
3. Application of metal chelated iron: Chelated metal is made of metal ions and chelating agents. The application of chelated iron can improve the supply of some nutrients in soil. In addition to soil application, chelated iron can also be sprayed with 0. 1-0.2% integrated iron solution to restore leaf color.
4, soil application or foliar spraying should be careful not to overdo, so as not to produce phytotoxicity. [6]
Two. Rot disease (white silk disease)
Treatment method:
It can be caused by insect mouth injury or mechanical injury in long-term rainy environment. The rotten part can be cut off with a knife, or the ulcerated tissue can be drained with a knife (in sunny days and high temperatures), so that the injured product can be naturally dried or coated with sulfur and phosphorus powder for prevention and treatment. General protected cultivation, excessive humidity, easy to get bituminous coal disease. Ventilation should be strengthened and the affected area should be cleaned with clean water. Greenhouse facilities in winter are usually hot and dry, which is easy to induce red spiders. Keep a certain humidity. If the population density is high, it can be controlled by 40% omethoate 1000- 1500 times. [3]
3. Genetic analysis of the skin and fruit of pitaya.
First, pitaya flower skin fruit
The so-called pitaya skin is pockmarked face, which can be divided into small skin and large skin according to the size of the skin area. The reasons are different, such as diseases, pests, phytotoxicity, acid rain and so on.
1, the cause of large flower skin
It is mainly due to the large-scale burning spots directly caused by the application of herbicides when the branches of Spodoptera litura are relatively low (within 50 cm from the ground).
2. The cause of floret skin
First, there is a lot of rain in the south, which is affected by acid rain in the south or cannot be used in time, which has a great influence on the growth of pitaya, leading to the appearance of flower skin fruit; Less branches, moderate cold tolerance, strong disease resistance and strong salt tolerance.
Figs are elegant ornamental trees in courtyards and parks. Generally, pesticides are not used, and it is a pure natural and pollution-free tree. Its leaves are large, palmately divided and rough, and it has a good vacuum effect. If matched with other plants, it can also form a good sound barrier. Ficus carica can resist toxic gas and air pollution that ordinary plants can't stand, and it is a good tree species for greening in chemically polluted areas. In addition, fig has strong adaptability, wind resistance, drought resistance and salt tolerance. Ficus carica planted in arid desert areas can play the role of wind and sand fixation and greening wasteland.
economic value
Ficus carica is one of the fastest growing fruit trees in the world, with high yield, no age, few pests and diseases, and easy cultivation and management. Figs are planted in the same year and bear fruit in the same year. With proper management, the yield per plant can reach 2 kg and the yield per mu can reach 500 kg. What's even more peculiar is that seedlings can bear a lot of fruits in the nursery that year, which is very rare in fruit trees. This excellent characteristic of fig makes the investment recover in a very short time, which is extremely beneficial to arouse the production enthusiasm of the majority of fruit farmers, and is also extremely beneficial to the industrialization of local governments and meet the requirements of maximizing profits of large domestic companies. Fig is one of the best projects for large-scale capital investment in agriculture. In the third to fifth years, the yield per mu is generally more than 2,500 kg, among which the highest yield per mu of fig is more than 3,500 kg, and there are few pests and diseases in different years, which is especially beneficial to the production of green fruits and conforms to the international fashion trend.
Most fig varieties bear fruit in summer and autumn, and the fruit ripens in June ~165438+1October. Fresh fruit has a long sales time and little sales pressure, which also greatly prolongs the processing time, especially conducive to improving the utilization rate of factory equipment. Ficus carica has a long life span, and the general economic life span is 30-50 years.
Annona needs a warm climate and proper precipitation, and is not resistant to frost and cold weather. The average maximum growth temperature of annona squamosa is 25-32℃, the average minimum growth temperature is 15-25℃, and the average optimum temperature for fruit ripening is 25-30℃. The critical temperature for safe overwintering of annona squarrosa is 0℃. Annona is mostly a semi-deciduous fruit tree, which enters natural dormancy or forced dormancy caused by environmental conditions in late winter or early spring. Dormancy protects plants from frost or drought in winter, spring and late at night. Proper low temperature in winter is conducive to accelerating defoliation and promoting germination. But the effect of low temperature on inducing germination is not as necessary as in other deciduous fruit trees. The temperature during fruit ripening should not be too low or too high. At low temperature, especially below 13℃, physiological diseases will occur, rust spots will often appear, and the ripening time will be delayed. However, too high temperature will cause the fruit to ripen prematurely, which is easy to cause the fruit to rot. [3]
moisture
Annona is very sensitive to water, and too much water is not conducive to plant growth. Short-term flooding affected the growth of annona squamosa, resulting in the decrease of leaves and flowers. Irrigation or rainfall is important for flowering and early fruiting. During this period, too little water will lead to falling flowers and fruits and slow fruit growth. At the same time, moisture will also affect the quality of fruit. It is reported that the fruit cracking rate of irrigated annona in Australia is 9.8%, while that of non-irrigated annona is 20%. Under the condition of low humidity (relative humidity below 70%), the number of falling flowers increased, the stigma dried and the fruit setting rate decreased obviously. In southeastern Queensland, annona is in full bloom, and the relative humidity during the day is often lower than 30% at the hottest time. In production, they use high-density planting, windbreaks and spraying chemicals to increase the humidity of the orchard. However, too high humidity (higher than 95%) will dilute the sugar secretion on the stigma and make the pollen germination rate low, which is not conducive to fertilization.
Annona trees have strong adaptability to all kinds of soils. It can grow on sandy to clayey soil. But to achieve high and stable yield, sandy soil or sandy loam is better. Because the soil is sticky, poor drainage will affect flowering and fruit setting. Loose sandy loam does not have these shortcomings, and it is easy to control growth through fertilization and irrigation. If the soil layer is shallow, it can be cultivated to thicken the soil layer to improve drainage, and it can also be covered to promote the development of topsoil absorption roots.
The use of seedlings in production is limited to ordinary annona, and hybrid annona cannot be used as mother tree. The seed source of seedlings is very important, and the seeds should come from high-yield and high-quality fruits of excellent varieties (common annona), with large mother plants and correct fruit shapes. It is best to artificially pollinate fruits of the same variety. When the fruit is completely mature, the fruit is light green and yellow, and the suture line between small fruits is obvious, the seeds are harvested. As a grafted rootstock culture, seed collection can reduce the requirements. After the seeds are taken out, they are washed, the weak and small seeds are removed, and then they can be planted in the air. For example, stored annona seeds should be dried before sowing to promote germination. Before sowing, seeds can be soaked with 200ppm gibberellin for 24-36 hours to promote early germination. It is best to use fertile sandy loam for seedbed, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer to shake well. The furrow should be opened, and the width of the furrow shall be subject to the convenience of field operation. Drill sowing can be used, and the sowing amount is 7-8 kg per mu. After sowing, cover with fine sand or fine soil, slightly compact and drench with water, then cover with grass or plastic agricultural film to keep moisture. After emergence, cover with grass or plastic film to avoid bending the seedlings. Pay attention to water and fertilizer management at seedling stage, generally water once every 3-4 days and once a day in drought. After 6-8 leaves, topdressing can be started to cultivate strong seedlings. [3]
transplant
Common annona squamosa is generally used as rootstock for grafting seedling. This kind of rootstock has the characteristics of good affinity, short tree shape and early production. The thickness of rootstock is generally about 0.8 cm before grafting. Grafting time: Grafting is generally in spring, bud grafting is better in summer and autumn, and grafting in winter generally cannot survive. The scion of annona squamosa is selected from the peripheral branches of excellent mother trees with strong growth and no pests and diseases. After the scion is picked, the leaves are cut off, and the petiole with a length of 0.3-0.5 cm is reserved to reduce the evaporation of water. This method is suitable for the sap flow period of the growing season, so that the rootstock can peel off the bark.
When planting annona squamosa, seedlings should be grafted with common annona squamosa as rootstock, and the best planting time is spring, especially before germination, with the highest survival rate. It can also be planted in the rainy season from June to July, but attention should be paid to drainage, and the roots of annona should avoid water accumulation. It is best to classify the seedlings when planting, and the seedlings transferred from other places should be soaked in water for 3-5 hours before planting. After that, put the seedlings into a hole with a depth of 20-30 cm, and the water-deficient mountain area can be appropriately deepened by 65,438+00 cm, so that the roots can be stretched and the seedlings can be stably supported while filling the soil. After planting, make a 1 tree tray around it, cover it with straw, and water the roots. [4]
Abundant water
The fertilization principle of annona squamosa is scientific fertilization according to the tree size and different growth stages, mainly applying organic fertilizer, combining organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer, and gradually moving closer to green agriculture. Generally, 1 year is applied three times, and 1 time is carried out before and after pruning in winter, combined with deep tillage and garden cleaning. The application is mainly organic fertilizer, deep digging and deep loosening, full application, all organic fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer 80%, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer 20% throughout the year; For the second time, in the young fruit period after flowering in Xia Guo (May-June), nitrogen fertilizer was 35%, phosphorus fertilizer 10% and potassium fertilizer was 20%. The third time, the young fruit period in winter (9- 10 month), was applied all year round.
Flavonoids glycosides and flavonols are free radical scavengers, which can protect dermal cells, improve blood circulation and prevent cells from being oxidized to produce wrinkles. Ginkgo biloba is one of the herbs with the ability to resist active genes. Ginkgo biloba is very effective in protecting lipid (a component of cell membrane) from free radical damage.
But it also contains small toxic substances: hydrocyanic acid, ginkgolic acid, hydrogenated ginkgolic acid, ginkgolic acid, ginkgolic acid and ginkgo alcohol. Therefore, attention should be paid to the way ginkgo is eaten. If cooked and eaten, ginkgolic acid and ginkgolic acid can be decomposed, and hydrocyanic acid can be removed because of its low boiling point, so cooked ginkgo biloba is less toxic.
In order to prevent ginkgo poisoning, eating less cooked food is the fundamental method. The medical community believes that raw ginkgo should be controlled at about 10 capsules per day. Excessive consumption can cause abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, convulsions and other symptoms. Some people like to drink ginkgo leaf water, which is dangerous. Ginkgo biloba leaves contain toxic components, and excessive or long-term use will be harmful to heart health.
Ginkgo trees are tall and straight, and wood is a high-grade material for making musical instruments and furniture. Ginkgo wood is of high quality and low price, and is known as "silver fragrant wood" or "silver wood". Ginkgo wood has luster, straight texture, fine structure, easy processing, no cracking, strong corrosion resistance, easy painting, low nail digging power, special medicinal flavor and strong insect resistance.
Ginkgo wood can be used to make carved plaques, wooden fish and other handicrafts, and can also be used to make high-end furniture such as cabinets and desks. Ginkgo biloba has the characteristics of singing, guiding sound and elasticity, and is an ideal material for making musical instruments It can be used to make surveying and mapping instruments, pens and other cultural goods, and it is also the first-class wood for making chessboards, chess pieces, sports equipment, seals and small handicrafts. In industrial production, silver wood is most suitable for making machine models and wooden models of X-ray machine filter plates, textile printing and dyeing rollers, bodiless lacquerware, plywood, chopping boards and wooden telephones. Tannin can be extracted from the testa of Ginkgo biloba.
Ginkgo trees are tall and straight with fan-shaped leaves. The canopy is large and cool, which has a cooling effect. The leaves are quaint and have a long life. No pests and diseases, no pollution to the environment, smooth trunk, is a famous pollution-free tree species, which is conducive to the reproduction of Ginkgo biloba and add scenery. Strong adaptability, Ginkgo biloba has extensive requirements for climate and soil. Smoke and dust resistance, fire resistance and toxic gas resistance. Ginkgo tree is tall and straight, graceful, green in spring and summer and golden in late autumn. It is an ideal tree species for landscaping and roadside.
It can be used as an ideal cultivated tree species for landscaping, roads, highways, field forest nets and windbreaks. It is listed as one of the four long-lived ornamental tree species (pine, cypress, locust and ginkgo) in China. 4. Sterilization: ultra-high temperature instant sterilization is adopted, and the temperature is kept at130℃ for 5 ~10 second.
5. Canning and secondary sterilization: In order to prevent bacterial contamination during canning, it is necessary to carry out secondary sterilization and keep the temperature at 70℃ for 5 minutes. After sterilization, it is quickly cooled to below 30℃.
Third, matters needing attention
1. Because celery is rich in amino acids, if it is treated at high temperature for too long, the product will lose its flavor. Therefore, if conditions permit, ultra-high temperature instantaneous sterilization should be adopted as far as possible.
2. When drinking this product, add a few drops of brandy to make it more fragrant.
Peach or peach, peach, etc. Be selected as rootstock. Collect fully mature fruits, remove pulp, cleaning, and drying in that shade. Layered sandstone reservoir will be treated around June 5438+February. Before treatment, soak the seeds in clean water for 1-2 days, then mix the seeds with wet sand evenly according to the ratio of 1-(4-5), pile them in a ditch or in the shade, and keep them moist and ventilated for 100- 120 days. You can sow in autumn, and you don't need sand storage. Generally speaking, the soil should be sown immediately after thawing in spring. Before sowing, the nursery should be leveled to make a bed of 1 mX3-5m, the sowing depth should be 4-5cm, and the row spacing of sowing plants should be 10- 12cm X 40-50cm. Bud grafting is often used for grafting. Branch grafting can also be used in spring.
cutting
There are two methods: hard branch cutting and soft branch cutting.
① Hardwood cutting: During dormancy, take robust 1 year branches with sufficient sunshine at the upper part of the crown and cut them from the lower nodes, and cut off branches about 30cm long. Immerse the lower part of this branch 1-2cm in noise-induced butyric acid (IBA) of 1000mg/L for about 10s, take it out, cut it into clean river sand, shade it for 8- 10 weeks, and keep a certain humidity. At the end of this period, when the roots begin to develop, don't let them grow too fast to avoid injury in future sports. After that, the cuttings were moved to a 25C hotbed suitable for root growth, and the hotbed could be mixed with 3 parts of coarse sand and 1 part of peat. Rooted cuttings can be planted directly in nutrition cups.
(2) Soft branch cutting: In the growing season, cut off new shoots with moderate growth potential (avoid using long branches), cut off branches with a length of 10cm from the base, leave 3-4 leaves at the top, and cut off half of the leaves to reduce evaporation. Soak the branch base in 1000mg/L high-noise T- acid (IBA) for about 10s, and cut on perlite substrate, and keep it moist in a greenhouse or plastic shed with ventilation and cooling measures, pay attention to proper shading to prevent exposure at noon, and spray it frequently to increase air humidity. After rooting, move into fields and nutrition cups.
Seedling propagation
The self-pollination rate of many peaches is very high, and the variation of offspring is very small, so many old producing areas still retain the habit of breeding with seeds. Such as Huang Gan in Ning County, Gansu Province, Qingzhou peach in Yidu, Shandong Province, Hunchun peach in Tai 'an, Liaoning Province, etc. However, in large-scale economic cultivation, the yield is required to be highly commercialized. If seedlings are still used for reproduction, the varieties are often mixed. Inconsistency between yield and quality seriously affects orchard management and income. Therefore, grafting propagation is better in economic cultivation.
cultivation techniques
edit
Seedling selection
According to the soil, climate, management level and local market conditions, select excellent varieties with high yield and right production and marketing, and do a good job in matching early, middle and late maturity varieties. [5]
Garden construction and planting
Selecte slightly acidic sandy soil or sandy loam with good drainage, deep soil layer and PH value of 5.5-6.5, and dig big holes for planting; Terraces should be built on low hills and slopes, with planting density of 40-50 plants per mu in flat land and 50-60 plants in mountainous areas.
Fertilization and topdressing
The base fertilizer advocates applying fertilizer in autumn and winter, mainly organic fertilizer, accounting for 60% ~ 70% of the annual fertilization. Generally, 2000kg manure or150kg is applied per mu; Apply 10% special fertilizer for fruit trees per mu. The frequency, time and dosage of topdressing vary according to varieties, tree ages, cultivation management methods, growth and development periods and external conditions. Generally, pre-bud fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer and post-harvest fertilizer are the main fertilizers.
Tree and tree structure:
Trees are naturally happy to have three main branches. Tree structure: the height of adult trees is about 2.5 ~ 3 meters, the trunk is 30 ~ 40 cm high, and there are three main branches, each of which occupies the direction of 120. Each main branch is equipped with 1 ~ 2 auxiliary branches, and the opening angle is about 75.
Tree culture:
In the year of planting, the stem should be fixed at 50 ~ 60 cm, and there should be more than 3 strong buds in the plastic belt under the incision. In the first year of growth after planting, new shoots with strong growth and good orientation are selected as main branches for cultivation, and the remaining new shoots can be thinned or twisted as auxiliary branches. In the second year after planting, select strong lateral branches 50 ~ 60 cm away from the main branches with good opening angle, cultivate auxiliary main branches, and cultivate large and small fruiting branches on both main branches and auxiliary main branches.
Trim:
Dormancy (winter) pruning. It can be carried out after defoliation and before germination, and pruning adopts the combination of short cutting and thinning, as well as measures such as long laying, shrinking branches and winding branches. Pruning of fruit branches: long fruit branches, about one-third of the branch length; The middle fruit branches are generally not short except for sparse branches and dense branches; Short fruit branches should be left 10 cm/branch. The amount of branches left depends on site conditions, management level, tree age, tree potential and yield requirements. Pruning in growth period mainly includes technical measures such as re-pruning, de-sprouting, thinning, twisting, pinching, pulling, cutting tips and moving branches after flowering. [5]
Peach has a high fruit setting rate, so it is necessary to thin the fruit and control the amount of fruit left. Fruit thinning should be carried out twice, from late April to early May and middle and late May respectively. Generally, short fruit branches leave 1 fruit, middle fruit branches leave 2 fruits, and long fruit branches leave 3 ~ 5 fruits. Spraying and bagging in time after fruit setting. The harvest time of fruit depends on the characteristics of varieties, and it is appropriate to harvest eight-ripe fruits.
Pests that harm peach trees include peach gummosis, aphids, pear moth, green leafhopper, peach moth, thorn moth, military pest, mulberry white scale and so on. , and should be sprayed in time according to the situation.
control of insect
Peach gummosis
Gummosis can occur on branches, shoots, leaves and fruits, with branches being the most serious. The bark of diseased branches is rough, cracked and difficult to heal, and yellow-brown transparent glue flows out. When the gum flow is serious, the tree is weak, which is easy to become the spawning ground of the pink-necked longicorn beetle and accelerates the death of peach trees.
There are many reasons for the gum flow of peach trees, such as pests and diseases, improper fertilization (lack of fertilizer or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer), insufficient soil viscosity and drainage, too much pruning in summer, too deep planting, continuous cropping, hail disaster, drought and flood, freezing injury, sunburn, mechanical damage and so on. All these will cause the glue flow of peach trees. Old and weak trees are more serious.
Prevention and control methods:
1, strengthen comprehensive management, promote the normal growth and development of trees, and enhance the tree potential.
2. Scrape the branches with serious gum flow in autumn and winter, and disinfect the wound with Pomei 5-6 degree stone sulfur mixture or 100 times copper sulfate solution; Or brush with 1︰4 alkaline water, which also has certain curative effect.
Yellow peach grub
Also known as peach moth, peach spot moth, it is an important fruit-eating pest of peach trees, and can also harm many fruit trees and crops such as corn and sorghum. It is harmful for larvae to feed in the fruit, and the damaged fruit is covered with insect dung, which can easily cause fruit cracking and rot, seriously affecting the quality and yield.
Prevention and control methods:
1, fruit bagging. Peach grows to the size of thumb, and is bagged after the second natural fall to prevent moths from laying eggs on the fruit surface.
2. Chemical control. At the adult stage and the peak spawning stage, 10% imidacloprid is 4000 ~ 6000 times or 2.
In addition, the sugar and enzymes contained in pineapple have a certain diuretic effect, which is beneficial to nephritis and hypertension, and also has an auxiliary effect on bronchitis. Because of the function of cellulose, it also has a certain effect on the treatment of constipation. When you have indigestion, eating pineapple can stimulate appetite, relieve greasy, help digestion and relieve constipation. In addition, pineapple is rich in vitamin B 1, which can promote metabolism and eliminate fatigue. [7]