There are two ways to realize laser nuclear fusion: ① The direct driving mode is that the laser beam is directly irradiated on the surface of the target pill, and the drivers are mostly Nd: glass lasers. The advantages are high energy utilization efficiency of laser beam, reliable operation and controllable time and space. The disadvantage is that the laser beam must be evenly irradiated on the surface of the target pill, otherwise it will cause asymmetry of centripetal explosion, and may also cause instability of plasma in the ablation layer, destroy the target shell, and make the target shell and nuclear fusion fuel mix with each other, thus reducing the compression (explosion) effect. In addition, the coupling efficiency of laser power (5%- 10%) and the frequency of repetitive pulses (1- 10 laser pulses per second) are not high enough. The new laser drivers being studied include KrF excimer laser and solid-state laser pumped by laser diode. KrF excimer laser has the advantages of short wavelength, high laser absorption efficiency, strong waveform shaping ability and wide output pulse amplitude range. However, there are still many technical problems, such as laser efficiency, pulse repetition frequency, complexity of optical transmission, reliability and durability of lasers and high cost. Laser pumped solid-state lasers have the advantages of high repetition rate and high efficiency. Through frequency conversion, the wavelength can be shortened, high power output can be obtained and the operation is reliable. The existing problem is that the cost of laser diode is high, and it is necessary to find laser materials with long-life fluorescence. (2) The indirect driving method is to suspend the target pill filled with fusion fuel in a small cavity made of high-Z material (such as gold), and the laser beam irradiates the inner wall of the cavity through a small hole in the cavity wall (it does not directly irradiate the target pill). The material on the surface of the cavity wall absorbs the energy of the laser beam, and the temperature rises, resulting in soft X-rays. In thin-walled thermal materials, there is almost a thermal balance between radiation and materials, thus forming a soft X-ray radiation field. The radiant heat wave is transmitted to the cold wall, and the high z cold wall is heated to emit soft X-rays, which becomes the re-emission area of soft X-rays. Soft X-rays are uniformly irradiated on the target pill in the cavity to ablate, and thermonuclear fusion reaction is generated through centripetal explosion and other processes. The advantage of indirect method is that the uniformity of laser beam spot is not high, and soft X-rays can irradiate the surface of target uniformly, thus realizing symmetrical initiation. The disadvantage is that the plasma driving parameters are unstable when the laser passes through, and the energy utilization efficiency of the laser beam is not as high as that of the direct driving method.