1. In areas with rainy autumn planting period, or orchards planted by ourselves, it is suitable for planting in the middle and late September, that is, early autumn. The root system can better bring soil balls, and it is not easy to dehydrate and delay seedlings, with high survival rate and dense growth. It is best to plant trees on cloudy days or before it rains.
In Shandong, Henan and other areas that are not too cold in winter, autumn planting is better. That is to say, it should be planted immediately after picking leaves in June+10, 5438, or after defoliation of seedlings and before soil freezing. Because of the high ground temperature in this period, it is still suitable for root growth activities, which is beneficial to wound healing, and the evaporation is small and the soil is good, which can promote the development of new roots and restore the root system to a certain extent. Before the soil is frozen, a certain number of white tender young roots can grow, and by the next spring, the seedling stage is short, germinates early and grows vigorously.
2. Before the seedlings are ready to plant trees, carefully check the varieties, ensure the purity, classify them in strict accordance with the quality standards, and plant them according to the level and height of the seedlings, so as to carry out classified management in the future. It is best to plant 1 grade seedlings, and second and third grade seedlings can also be considered. Thin and weak seedlings outside the garden can be planted in circles to strengthen fertilizer and water management. After growing into big seedlings, it can be planted, which can better maintain the neatness of plants in the garden and is convenient for management.
If the seedlings purchased from other places lose a lot of water and the bark shrinks, they must be soaked in water for a day and a night, and can only be planted after the water is fully absorbed and returned to normal, otherwise the survival rate will be affected. In addition, it is necessary to prune the injured roots of seedlings to facilitate wound healing. It is best to mix cow dung mud and calcium superphosphate on bacteria to make the roots closely connected with the soil, especially in dry land. For seedlings with poor roots, you can buy rooting powder, mix it according to the concentration in the instructions, dip the roots and promote rooting.
(2) Planting method
When planting, 1 group two people, 1 person helps the seedlings, 1 person fills the soil. Straighten the seedlings first and put them on the slow mound in the pit. Pay attention to the rows. After filling in some topsoil, gently lift the seedlings upward so that the roots can stretch, and then fill in topsoil, so that the soil seal at the root neck of the base wood is slightly higher than the ground by about 5cm, and the surrounding soil seal is good. It is just flush with the ground after watering, which is beneficial to the normal growth of seedlings. According to the experimental observation in some places, dwarf rootstock seedlings should be planted deeply and buried shallowly, and the growth effect of seedlings is good.
When planting apples in the alpine region, we should also plant them deeply and bury them shallowly, which can not only prevent winter and cold, but also store snow and rain, resist early moisture conservation, plant good trees, make a tree tray or silicon ridge from the subsoil dug out when digging holes, and immediately water and irrigate them. After the water seeps out, pile soil at the root and neck, and cover it with plastic film for better effect. According to the survey, seedlings planted immediately after defoliation in autumn should be covered with plastic film after watering.
Plant trees after the rain in early autumn, fill the pit with wet soil, and then water a little. In some places, water is poured into the pit about 1 week before planting. When planting, take wet soil from the row, bury the roots and step on it, so that the water at the bottom of the pit can rise along the soil capillary and be absorbed and utilized by the roots.
When planting, 10% of the reserved trees should be planted between rows or plants, so as to replant plants that have not survived or suffered unexpected losses in time and ensure the uniform growth of trees in the garden.
(3) post-planting management
After the seedlings are combed, water them immediately. After the water permeates, the seedlings should be righted and the soil should be dredged in time to keep the water, improve the ground temperature and air permeability, ensure the seedlings to grow new roots quickly and shorten the slow seedling stage. After planting with leaves in autumn, some leaves can be cut off properly to reduce excessive transpiration and water loss, try to keep the balance between the ground and the ground, and promote the root system to grow as soon as possible.
Trees planted from autumn to early winter should be covered with soil in time after irrigation, preferably with plastic film; In cold areas, before winter, the trunk can be bent and buried in the ground for wintering, or taken out of the ground, wrapped with plastic strips to protect the tree body, or painted with vaseline to promote the safe wintering of seedlings and prevent the top from sprouting. In dryland orchards, attention should be paid to the snow prevention of tree trays in winter. Spring-sown seedlings should be watered twice continuously, and the soil should be loosened in time to warm up and shorten the slow seedling stage.
Those who don't survive should be replanted in time. In addition, in order to fix the stem well according to the requirements of plastic surgery, 6~8 full buds are generally left at 60~70cm for cutting. After the seedlings are shaded in spring, a large number of new leaves will spread out when the new buds grow to 1cm. It is best to topdressing 0.05 kg urea or 0. 1 kg ammonium sulfate or 5 kg decomposed human excrement and urine per plant.
Generally, it is better to open an annular ditch with a depth of 10cm at a distance of about 30cm from the seedling trunk, or dig a hole to apply it, which is the main area for absorbing root growth. After fertilization, bury the soil to seal the ditch, then irrigate, and pay attention to evenly spread the fertilizer to avoid excessive concentration and burn the roots. Then spray 1 times of Ribelli bird's nest water-soluble fertilizer every half month to promote the rapid growth of seedlings and increase the growth of branches and leaves.
(d) Self-cultivation management of semi-mature seedlings
In places with good site conditions, you can plant semi-mature seedlings in late autumn and early winter (that is, only 1 bud is grafted on the rootstock), irrigate after planting, cut off the rootstock at 10cm above the bud, and then bury a mound with wet soil, with a height of 30cm and a bottom width of about 40cm, which is beneficial to cold protection. At the end of March of the following year, after the weather turned warmer, I dug the soil three times and made a tree tray for irrigation. At the same time, the plastic film 1 m2 is used to cover the tree tray with seedlings, and the surrounding soil is compacted to keep the wall warm and promote the early growth of roots.
Spring-cut semi-mature seedlings should also be covered with plastic film. In order to prevent the grafted buds from being harmed by scarabs after germination, a plastic bag with a length of 15cm and a width of 1~2cm should be placed above the rootstock for protection. When the grafted buds grow new shoots of about 10cm, puncture the bag to promote the growth of new shoots. When the new shoots grow to about 20cm, 50cm long 1 branches should be inserted near the seedlings as columns, and the new shoots should be fixed on the columns with plastic ropes to prevent them from being blown off by the wind. When the new shoots grow to 50~60cm, the core should be picked to promote the growth of secondary branches and cultivate the main branches at the base. At the same time, strengthen fertilizer and water management and pest control, and cultivate three main branches in autumn to achieve the goal of early formation and early fruit.