Chinese name: evergreen fruit tree mbth: evergreen fruit tree field: agricultural classification: citrus fruit tree explanation: leaves have a long life and will not fall off in three to five years. Classification: pruning, conservation, application and classification of evergreen fruit trees. Evergreen fruit tree is a kind of fruit tree with long leaves that don't fall off in winter. There is no obvious dormancy period and it grows all the year round. Like warmth, not tolerant of low temperature, mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River. Can be divided into woody evergreen fruit trees (such as citrus, loquat, longan, litchi and so on. ) and perennial herb evergreen fruit trees (such as bananas, pineapples, strawberries, etc. ). Pruning of evergreen fruit trees 1 Although evergreen fruit trees have no dormancy period and the photosynthesis time is longer than deciduous fruit trees, because of their long growing season, pruning is more necessary than deciduous fruit trees to coordinate the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. 2 Litchi and longan harvest fruit is equivalent to short cutting. Short cutting is a pruning method for vegetative growth, which easily leads to dense branches and high trees. Therefore, pruning should adopt the method of thinning branches to weaken vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth. Although plastic trimming requires a certain amount of work, the effect is remarkable. Pruning is like fertilization. Pruning can improve the utilization rate of light energy and increase the yield of photosynthetic products. If plastic surgery can achieve the correct, simplified and labor-saving principles, the input-output ratio of plastic surgery is very high, which is completely acceptable to farmers. Mechanical pruning is the most labor-saving, but the effect is not as good as manual pruning, and it is expensive. The author visited Australia. They have all kinds of pruning machines and common chainsaws. They are also learning our simple manual pruning methods and are very interested in our pruning techniques. Japan strives for perfection in fruit tree cultivation and management, which plays an important role in the world's leading fruit tree production level. Most orchards in China are small in scale, so it is unrealistic and unnecessary to use large-scale mechanical pruning. Correct pruning can not only cultivate excellent tree shape of young trees, but also promote more branches, faster tree growth and early fruit bearing. Correct pruning can transform mature closed trees into tree structures with high photosynthetic efficiency, so that fruit trees can have high yield, stable yield and high quality. Large and small years are the natural characteristics of fruit trees, and too many New Year's days affect the quality of fruits and lower the price; Excessive load is easy to weaken fruit trees and breed pests and diseases. Young trees are easy to cause excessive vegetative growth; Cause out of control; Affect the supply of fruits in the market. Through correct pruning and thinning flowers and fruits, the results of the next year can be completely controlled. Maintenance measures 1. Increase the application amount of organic fertilizer, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, strengthen the rational application of organic fertilizer, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and do not apply nitrogen fertilizer in a partial way, so as to promote the growth and enrichment of branches at all levels and improve the ability to resist snow damage. 2. Do a good job in shaping and pruning. First, do a good job in shaping fruit trees from small to large, and cultivate trees with stable structure. In production, we must always pay attention to the balanced distribution of main branches and open crowns, and take measures such as bracing, pulling and hanging to keep the branch angle of main branches at 40 ~ 45 and improve the load capacity of branches. Second, before it snows, thin the dense branches to reduce the snow in the canopy. The method is: sparse the dense branches in the middle and upper part of the crown, open the skylight and retract the transverse branches of the crown appropriately, so that it is not easy to get snow on the crown when it snows in winter, thus reducing snow damage. This work is mostly carried out in late autumn and early winter, which affects the healing of shears and saws and is not conducive to wintering. 3. Protect the branches and avoid damage to the branches, such as longicorn beetles, longicorn beetles, resin diseases, etc., which are extremely harmful to the branches. Pay attention to timely prevention and control. Use a ladder when pruning and harvesting, and don't climb trees to avoid stepping on branches. Don't touch branches when digging, ditching and fertilizing. Before the fruit trees bear too much fruit or the heavy snow comes, the branches can be protected by supporting and hanging branches. Evergreen fruit trees are widely used in southern evergreen trees, such as olives, longan and oranges. , with a large volume, can be used for greening the middle and high-rise space in gardens, and plays a role in optimizing climate regulation and dividing space. In view of the single application mode of trees and fruit trees in urban landscape construction, we can expand its application construction from street trees and courtyard shade trees. In the planting and cultivation of street trees, priority can be given to southern evergreen fruit trees, such as apricot and mango, which have large volume, dense shade and can be maintained in a large area. Its evergreen nature determines that it will not show obvious seasonal changes, so it can be used to beautify the city. At the same time, we should choose the appropriate tree species according to the road grade. For street trees in the main roads of first-class cities, trees and fruit trees with thin crowns, such as mango trees and coconut trees, can be selected. For litchi fruit trees with low trunk and obvious branches, it can be used for the greening construction of residential areas and the construction of green space attached to units, so that its fruitful scenery can create a good ornamental effect. In the stage of planting street trees, evergreen trees and fruit trees can be planted according to the needs of configuration and the effect of landscape artistic conception to beautify parks and unit green spaces. According to the good posture and different scenery of trees, suitable cultivation and planting methods can be formulated. For example, for longan trees, olive trees and other fruit trees with good posture, the mode of cluster planting and single planting can be applied to reflect their good individual beauty. For fruit trees with neat shapes such as lotus and avocado, we can beautify the entrance of the unit area or scenic spot by planting. For flowering fruit trees such as Myrica rubra, group landscape construction can be carried out to set off the good atmosphere of urban landscape construction.