2. The cherry root system prepared by nutrient soil has strong respiration and high oxygen consumption. The soil needs high permeability. The ratio of nutrient soil is peat soil: manure: sand =5∶3∶2.
3. Selection criteria of seedlings: seedlings grow healthily, with full branches and buds, developed roots and no diseases and insect pests. Small perennial trees require short stems, reasonable branch distribution and large thinning degree between branches.
4. The cooking time is mostly in early spring. Prune the damaged roots and branches to expose new stubble before serving in the basin. Cut off the parts with pests and diseases. Secondly, check the drain hole of the container to keep the container drained smoothly. Pot-filling method: Invert a tile on the drain hole, then spread a layer of furnace ash slag of about 20cm, fill it with nutrient soil, and finally put the seedlings. After 2 ~ 3 times of raising seedlings and pressing soil, the soil surface is about 5 cm away from the mouth of the container.
5. Fertilizer and water management
Fertilizer and water management is the most difficult technology to master in potted plants. The main physiological activities of cherry, such as growth, flowering and fruiting, depend on daily fertilizer and water management. The principle of fertilizing cherry with water is to apply less; See dry and wet; It's full, it's leaking. In spring, cherry trees that have not yet borne fruit apply a small amount of PBO in the container. Fertilize frequently before July to promote the growth of trees. Commonly used fertilizers are cake fertilizer, livestock hoof horn, sesame sauce residue, yogurt, rice washing water, broken bone chips and so on. It is best to soak it until it is fermented and then apply it with fertilizer solution. Apply 1 0 ~15 days/times of organic fertilizer water. After August, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added into the organic fertilizer water; For cherry trees entering the fruiting period, urea 1 time was applied before and after flowering, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were added to the fertilizer water; In September, 50g of potassium sulfate was applied at one time. Irrigate/kloc-0 times a day in summer, and often spray some water on the leaves to cool and clean the trees. Irrigation times should be less in spring and autumn. Basically no watering in winter. The best irrigation amount is to drop a little water from the bottom of the container. The production method of organic fertilizer water: Soak soybean meal in clear water according to the ratio of 1: 5, then ferment for 5 ~ 10d, and then add water 0/0 times of/kloc-0 to dilute.
6. Flower and fruit management
Thinning flowers and fruits is the key point of flower and fruit management. Bud thinning is stronger than flower thinning, and flower thinning is stronger than fruit thinning. There are a lot of flower buds on the tree, and some flower buds are thinned out in bud stage; The operation method is to sparse the flower buds of 1/3 ~ 1/4 on the fruiting branches of the flower cluster. During flowering, cross-species pollination should be done well. When the fruit grows to the size of soybean, the fruit with abnormal shape should be thinned out.
7. Plastic finishing
The terminal bud of cherry and the central bud of the flower cluster are leaf buds. Flower buds are pure flower buds, mainly axillary buds and bouquets. Axillary buds are usually inserted at the base of 1 annual branches. Pay attention to the position of flower buds when pruning. Pruning is mainly in summer, supplemented by pruning in winter. Winter pruning: winter pruning is mainly to adjust the tree type and balance the tree potential. Mainly remove competitive branches, upper branches, strong branches and slender branches. Elongated branches are cut short, resulting in branch retraction. Summer pruning: The purpose of summer pruning is to keep the tree shape, promote flowers and protect fruits. Cut off the competing branches and back branches. Pick the core when the branch grows to 15 ~ 20 cm. Generally completed before July, 1 year is no more than twice. Around September, when the branches have just reached the peak, flatten them.
8. Pest control
The primary needle-like spots on cherry leaves gradually expand into round brown spots, and the diseased leaves develop grayish brown mildew spots, and the diseased parts shrink and delaminate around, often falling off into brown perforations with irregular edges. After flowering, 70% mancozeb was sprayed with 500-fold solution every 7 ~ 10d/time for 3 ~ 4 times continuously.
Tetranychus urticae mainly feeds on the back of host leaves, pierces cells and sucks juice. The damaged leaves first appear pale spots on both sides of the main vein near the petiole, and with the aggravation of the damage, the leaves can turn gray and dark brown.
Prevention and control: in the growing season, spray avermectin 3000 ~ 4000 times.
9. Overwintering technology
In the process of cherry overwintering, the most common problem is peeling. The main reason is insufficient water supply for underground roots in winter, and the most effective prevention measures are irrigation and ground covering before overwintering to reduce water evaporation. Measures such as early pruning of fruit tree branches, spraying anti-transpiration oil emulsion and wrapping the branches with film are also effective.