Morphological characteristics and habits
Jingui Huang Feng' is a small deciduous tree with umbrella crown and medium growth rate. It belongs to Aceraceae, Aceracea, and is a horticultural variety of Aceracea. Introduced by Wujiang Greentown Garden Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., the bark is smooth, the branches are open, the branchlets are slender, the leaves are opposite, usually palmately 5-lobed, the edges have double serrations, and the leaves are smooth and wide. The new leaves are light yellow, golden in spring, green in summer and bright red in autumn, with rich color changes.
Like sunshine, it should be planted in fertile and well-drained soil, and can grow in sandy soil, clay, acidic soil, neutral soil and calcareous soil. Too dry areas need drought resistance and deep watering. It is cold-resistant and can tolerate certain air pollution, especially ozone and sulfur dioxide.
breeding method
The propagation of "Jingui Huang Feng" is usually achieved by grafting. It is advisable to graft in spring and autumn every year, with green maple or Acer truncatum as rootstock.
Abdominal incision grafting: select annual branches with strong lignification and full axillary buds as scions, and leave petioles on the cut scion branches, remove leaves and keep moisture. 5-7 days before grafting, cut off the rootstock 3-4 cm from the part to be grafted and polish the cut surface. Use a grafting knife to cut a knife obliquely along the smooth cortex on one side of the rootstock, about 30 degrees, reaching the xylem, and the incision is 2 cm to 2.5 cm long. Then, the base of the scion branch is obliquely cut to the bud side and to the xylem, and the length of the incision is 2 cm to 2.5 cm, which is consistent with the rootstock. Turn the scion branches upside down and cut obliquely at the lower end of the back of the incision at 30 degrees to 45 degrees, with the length of the incision of 65433. Leave 1 ~ 2 pairs of buds on the incision, cut off the scion, then align the cambium on one side of the incision with the cambium on one side or both sides of the rootstock, insert it into the incision of the rootstock, clamp the scion by using the natural clamping force of the incision, wrap the incision tightly with film tape, then wrap the scion and the incision together with plastic bags, and then pour water once. Pay attention to shading at high temperature, and it is expected to recover in about a month. After survival, take off the bag and germinate in time, and take off the film band after half a year, and then complete the grafting.
Key points of transplantation
1. Treatment and maintenance before transplantation.
(1) Before planting, measures should be taken, such as cutting roots, turning stumps, thinning and shaping, and applying more base fertilizer to ensure the survival rate of transplanting. At the same time, by means of trunk protection, root hydration, foliar spraying, wound pruning, disinfection and waxing, plant protection, etc., the adaptability and resistance of plants to migration are cultivated and enhanced, and the absorption function of new fibrous roots is strengthened, so that the selected seedlings become "semi-finished products" that not only survive after planting, but also take shape at one time and grow well.
(2) If the soil where the seedlings grow is too dry, water them a few days in advance; On the other hand, when the soil is too wet, we should try to drain water in advance to facilitate the operation during excavation.
(3) Crown collection: For plants with low lateral branches and huge crown clusters, for the convenience of operation, the crown should be tied with straw rope first. But pay attention to the tightness and don't damage the branches. Crown collection operation can also be combined with seedling selection.
(4) Prepare sharp seedling digging tools. When digging seedlings with soil balls, you should prepare suitable packaging materials such as cattail bags, straw ropes and plastic sheets.
(5) Trial excavation: In order to ensure the survival rate of seedlings, soil balls are used for transplanting. In order to ensure that the specifications of seedling root system meet the requirements, the diameter of soil ball can be about 8 times of the diameter of seedling breast (trunk).
2. seedlings.
Before taking seedlings from the nursery, water should be poured into the nursery three days in advance so as to take seedlings with soil balls. Try to bring a soil ball when lifting seedlings, and the diameter of the soil ball should not be less than 8 times of the DBH. Various heat preservation measures should be taken when raising seedlings, such as tying with straw, wrapping with cloth, coating with film, etc.
3. transportation.
When loading and unloading, the smaller seedlings are manually used, and the larger seedlings can be loaded by crane if conditions permit. When loading the car, the seedlings must be put down steadily, slowly and gently to avoid damaging dead branches or scattering soil balls.
4. planting.
Seedling planting should follow the principle of local planting and first come, first served. The specific planting depth depends on the soil characteristics, and the soil with heavy salt and strong viscosity should be planted shallowly, otherwise it should be planted deeply. Seedlings with soil balls should be cut with straw ropes (if they are hemp ropes, they must be taken out) and compacted while burying soil. After the tree is planted, use triangular brackets or iron wires to hang piles, and the parts where the pillars are connected with the trunk should be padded with cattails to prevent the bark from being worn out.
Water it.
Jingui Huang Feng needs a lot of water after planting, so it should be watered immediately after planting. Jingui Huangfeng' has large leaves and rapid water evaporation, so it should be watered frequently during the growing period. Specific watering conditions refer to soil moisture and weather conditions.
6. Fertilize.
Jingui Huang Feng' is generally topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer 2-3 times from early May to early August every year, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; In late September, winter fertilizer mainly organic fertilizer was applied in combination with deep tillage and soil improvement. In the adult fruit-bearing period and dormancy period, basal fertilizer is applied every year, and soil topdressing is carried out in the growing period, and sometimes topdressing can be carried out outside the roots. Every autumn, before the leaves turn red, the effect of base fertilizer is better, mainly farm manure and cake fertilizer, and compound fertilizer can also be added, and it can be applied in autumn and winter with deep ploughing. Top dressing 3 ~ 4 times a year, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer; Topdressing outside the roots is carried out many times during the growing period.
7. intertillage weeding.
In order to promote the growth of' Jingui Huang Feng', soil loosening and weeding were carried out twice a year in the young forest period. The 1 meeting was held in late April; The second time was in early August, weeding and loosening soil were combined to expand tree holes from planting holes and promote root growth. Weeding can be combined with chemical weeding and manual weeding. Chemical weeding should choose a good herbicide and prepare the liquid medicine according to the instructions. When spraying, it is best not to spray on plants, so as not to inhibit plant growth or harm seedlings and cause death. Artificial weeding can be combined with loosening the soil, but it should not be too close to the seedlings, so as not to hurt the roots of the seedlings.
8. Plastic decoration.
The plastic pruning of' Jingui Huang Feng' can be carried out in winter or summer. Winter pruning is a pruning from the end of autumn to the next spring before germination, especially in early spring. The methods include short cutting, thinning, retraction and leveling. Summer pruning is pruning from germination to defoliation in autumn. The methods include sprouting, removing sprouting, removing core, taking branches and pulling branches.
9. Pest control.
The common diseases of' Jingui Huang Feng' are brown spot and powdery mildew. Spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800- 1000 times at the onset, spraying 1 times every10/5 days, and spraying continuously for 2-3 times. The main pests are yellow thorn moth and Anoplophora glabripennis. The control of yellow thorn moth is generally concentrated in late autumn to early spring, by ploughing the land, digging pupae, or spraying 50% pyraclostrobin emulsion 1000 times in the early stage of larval occurrence. To control Anoplophora glabripennis, the trunk larvae can be sprayed with 50% chlorpyrifos EC 150 times for eggs and larvae that have not yet eaten xylem. For severely damaged young trees, it is best to cut down from the base and burn them centrally, or inject 40% dimethoate EC 100 ~ 200 times into the hole, and then block the hole with soil.