1. Phalaenopsis is a variety of Phalaenopsis. The flowers are a little smaller.
2. Phalaenopsis in Taiwan Province Province is a variety of Phalaenopsis. The leaves are large, flat, plump, green and striped. Flower diameter branching.
3. Phalaenopsis alias Schiller Phalaenopsis. It is a common genus. The leaves are large, rectangular, 70 cm long and 14 cm wide, with gray-green stripes on the leaves and purple back. Flowers 170, 8 ~ 9 cm in diameter, lavender, white edge. Bloom in spring and summer.
4. Phalaenopsis is also known as Phalaenopsis Banna. It belongs to the same common species. The leaves are 30 cm long, green, yellow at the base, and the sepals and petals are orange with brownish purple stripes. The lip is white, 3-lobed, the lateral leaves are erect, the tip is truncated, the middle leaf is nearly half-moon-shaped, the central tip is raised, and both sides are densely covered with mastoid hairs. The flowering period is from March to April.
5. Aphrodite is a common species of the same genus. The leaves are 40 cm long, the main veins on the leaves are obvious and green, the back is purple, the flowers are white, and the center is often green or milky yellow.
6. Phalaenopsis is a common species in the same genus. The flower stems are about 60 cm long and drooping. The flowers are brown with purple-brown stripes, and the flowering period is May-June.
7. Phalaenopsis in western Yunnan is a common species of the same genus. Sepals and petals are yellow-green, lips are purple, and the base is papillary on the back.
There are five main breeding methods of Phalaenopsis: sowing, pedicel germination, broken heart germination, stem cutting and tissue culture.
First, sowing and propagation methods
This method can breed a large number of excellent seedlings, and it is not easy to be infected with viruses and other diseases. You can also use hybridization to cultivate new varieties that are better and more novel, with more colors and patterns.
1, natural sowing method
Sow the seeds in the cracked capsule in the flowerpot of the mother plant, because there may be * * * bacteria necessary for Phalaenopsis seed germination in the plant material of the mother plant. Natural sowing method is simple, does not need complicated aseptic procedures and operating tools, and is suitable for ordinary family Phalaenopsis growers, but this method has little chance of success and is rarely used.
2, aseptic seeding method
The method is as follows: firstly, clean the mature capsules that have not cracked, then soak them in 75% ~ 90% ethanol or chloroform for 2 ~ 3 seconds, and then soak them in 5% ~ 10% bleaching powder solution or 3% hydrogen peroxide for 5 ~ 20 minutes. Take out the seeds, soak them in the same sterile water for 5-20 minutes, then filter to remove the solution, take out the seeds, and then spread the seeds evenly on the surface of the prepared bottle culture medium with a fine needle. The culture conditions are light intensity of 2000 ~ 3000 lux, daily 10 ~ 18 hours, and temperature of 20 ~ 26℃. After 9 ~ 10 months, the seedlings can grow 2 ~ 3 leaves out of the bottle and plant them in pots. This method is a highly scientific work, usually carried out in a tissue culture laboratory or a large-scale and strictly managed tissue culture factory.
Second, methods to promote the germination of pedicels
Many varieties of Phalaenopsis often grow seedlings with roots on the nodes of their pedicels after the flowers wither, and they can grow into new Phalaenopsis after being cut and planted separately. Artificial germination can be used to ensure that the pedicels of Phalaenopsis grow pedicel seedlings for reproduction. The method is to cut off the flowering part of the pedicel, and then carefully cut off the bracts of the first to third internodes on the upper part of the pedicel with a blade or sharp edge to expose the bud points of the internodes; Apply a cotton swab to the exposed internode nodes evenly with hormones such as germination promoter or indolebutyric acid; The treated orchid plants are placed in a semi-shady place, and the temperature is kept at 25 ~ 28℃. After 2 ~ 3 weeks, leaves can be seen on the bud, and after 3 months, Phalaenopsis seedlings with 3 ~ 4 leaves and aerial roots will grow. Cut the seedlings and put them in a pot, and you can turn them into new orchids.
Third, the method of heartbreaking and accelerating germination
After the growth point of orchid plants is destroyed by freezing injury, diseases and insect pests and human factors, after a period of time, 1 ~ 2 new buds will grow on the stem node near the base of orchid plants. This characteristic can be used to breed Phalaenopsis. The specific operation methods are as follows: remove the heart leaf with the highest stem tip, and pay attention to destroying the growing point of the stem tip so that it cannot grow upward; After the wound is dried in the air or disinfected with bactericide, 2 ~ 3 new buds can grow on the stem node near the base after a period of time; When new buds grow and roots grow from the base, they can be cut and planted separately to become new plants.
Fourth, stem cutting propagation method
The principle of stem cutting propagation is to destroy the growing point of stem tip and induce the growth of latent buds. Although there are 1 ~ 3 latent buds in the leaf axils of Phalaenopsis, most of them cannot germinate into plants. When the plant grows upward and the stem nodes are longer, the upper part of the plant with roots can be cut off with a sterilized sharp knife or scissors, planted in a new pot to make it continue to grow, and the lower part with roots can be properly managed with water, and new buds 1 ~ 3 will soon sprout (depending on the plant's own characteristics and management methods). If the plant's stem is very long, you can also consider cutting it into multiple sections. As long as each node is 2 ~ 3 nodes or more than 2 ~ 3 cm long and there is more than 1 root, it is possible to grow new plants. However, if the roots of plants have dried up and died, this method is ineffective.
V. Tissue culture methods
Using tissue culture to propagate Phalaenopsis can obtain the same excellent genetic characteristics as the mother plant. Phalaenopsis seedlings produced by this method are called meristem or tissue seedlings. Plant tissue (explant) used for meristem culture can be terminal bud (stem tip), stem segment (dormant bud), tender leaf or root tip, but the pedicel of Phalaenopsis is the most common one at present. Because the pedicel is selected as explant, it will not damage the plant and is easy to induce. Old pedicels or flowering pedicels mainly take their pedicel nodes and buds, while young pedicels can also be used as culture materials besides pedicel nodes and buds. [3]
Edit the artificial culture condition (1) temperature in this section.
Phalaenopsis is a tropical plant, and the cultivation temperature should be kept at 15 ~ 34℃. The suitable temperature is as follows: growth stage
Li Zhenkai traditional Chinese painting Phalaenopsis
Flowering period 19 ~ 2 1℃. In order to obtain more pedicels, the temperature can be maintained at 18 ~ 20℃ for 4~8 weeks. When the light is insufficient or the daily temperature is too high, it should be maintained at 65438 08℃, and flower forcing (flower bud induction) should be strengthened. Because the leaf growth should be maintained during flowering, and the low temperature period should not be too long. When the light is insufficient, the temperature is higher than 23℃ for more than 24 hours, which will lead to excessive nutrient growth and flower buds falling off.
(2) Light quantity
1. In the Netherlands
In order to make the leaves and roots develop normally, it is necessary to provide enough light. Too strong light will cause scorch marks on leaves. Too low light (below 100W/m 2) will lead to plant growth stagnation, poor quality, improper bud development and poor root development. The suitable light quantity is 2002, and in the summer with strong sunshine (1400 W/㎡), 80 ~ 85% sunshade net should be used.
2. In the tropics
Need to have the ability to maintain 80 ~ 90% shading. A fixed net with 65% shading and another movable net with 65% shading are usually used. In the rainstorm area, plastic roof should be used to reduce diseases and the leaching of rainwater to the medium. (Note: This paragraph is aimed at simple rain shelter facilities in Indonesia and other places, and subtropical greenhouses are not discussed.)
The appropriate amount of light is as follows:
1. Growth stage: 5000 ~ 8000 lux.
2. Flowering period: 8000 ~ 15000 lux
In areas where the sun shines all the year round, the light demand can be increased by 20%. But we should pay attention to the refraction ability of light, so that all leaves of orchid plants can get uniform illumination. Maintain a relatively high humidity when the light is strong.
(3) artificial lighting
Artificial light supplement is beneficial to leaf temperature, microclimate and the growth of orchid seedlings, and can reduce plant loss. Its characteristics are as follows:
1. Plug seedling: promote rapid growth and reduce orchid plant loss;
2. Growth stage: promoting rapid growth and better development;
3. Flowering period: it is helpful to the development of pedicels and flower buds, reduce the loss of flower buds and increase the quality.
In winter, Phalaenopsis needs at least 12 ~ 14 hours of light, with 3500~4000 lux, which is suitable for artificial light source. Using too many light sources in sunny weather will cause the leaves to turn red, which will lead to growth stagnation. In addition, the blue plant is kept in the dark for at least 8 hours to make sure that it can absorb carbon dioxide.
(4) Carbon dioxide concentration
Phalaenopsis is a Sedum acid metabolizing plant, which absorbs carbon dioxide at night. The suitable concentration is 600 ~ 800 ppm.
(5) Relative humidity
The physiological structure of Phalaenopsis determines that it can protect itself from stress in low humidity, but in too humid environment, high temperature and high humidity are often accompanied by diseases. The optimum relative humidity range is 60% ~ 80% RH. In high temperature and low humidity environment, it is necessary to increase the relative humidity. Suitable equipment systems include increasing fog particles with high-pressure spraying equipment above the greenhouse, sprinkling water under the planting bed, using water walls and fans, etc. But it is necessary to avoid causing crops to be wet. Another benefit of humidification is to reduce the temperature.
(6) Other materials.
When crops grow in an environment with high relative humidity, the daytime temperature and sunshine can be increased to keep the temperature inside the greenhouse constant and maintain good air circulation. So the height of greenhouse is 3 ~ 4 meters higher than that of plants.
It is very important to measure and record microclimate in order to analyze the problems faced by plant growth. For example, light quantity, temperature and relative humidity should be measured and recorded. The measurement operation can use microcomputer or hand-held sensor, and the highest/lowest value needs to be measured every day.