After the completion of the six kings, the four seas are one, Shushan is upright, and Afang is out. Overpressure exceeds 300 miles, isolated from the sun. Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west, leading directly to Xianyang. Erchuan dissolves and flows into the palace wall. Five steps to the first floor, ten steps to a pavilion; Corridor waist back, eaves high; Hold the terrain, intrigue. There are thousands of waves in the hive. What is a cloudless dragon lying on a long bridge? After the road is empty, don't blame Eric? High and low, I don't know the west and the east. Singing warm, spring is harmonious; Ballroom cold sleeves, wind and rain sad. Within a day, the climate is uneven between palaces.
The concubine, the prince and the grandson resigned from the downstairs hall and came to Qin. Singing at night, for Qin citizens. The stars are shining and the cosmetic mirror is on; Lv Yun came forward and combed Xiao Huan; Nutrient flow is greasy, and fat water is abandoned; The smoke is foggy and the pepper orchids are also burning. The thunder shook and the palace car passed; I don't know what I was doing when I was listening in the distance. A muscle, a capacity, extremely beautiful, standing overlooking, a face of good luck; There are still 36 years to hide. Zhao Yanzhi's collection, the rule of Han and Wei dynasties, the elite of Qi and Chu, plundered by generations, surrounded by mountains and waters; Once you can't get it, you lose it. Tinkling jade, gold nuggets and pebbles are thrown away and smashed, and Qin people regard them as the standard and do not cherish them.
Ha ha! One person's heart, ten thousand people's heart. Qin loves luxury and people are homesick. How can we use it like sand? Make the columns of negative buildings more than the farmers of nanmu; There are more rafters on the beam than working women on the plane; The phosphorus in onion is more than that in millet. The joints of ceramic tiles are uneven, more than the whole body silk; There are more vertical columns and cross sills than nine battlements; The orchestra's strings are hoarse, and they talk more than the city people. Let people all over the world dare not speak or get angry. The single husband's heart is getting more and more arrogant. The defenders shouted, the valley of letters closed, the people of Chu burned, and the poor were scorched.
Oh! Those who destroy the six countries are also six countries, not Qin; Qin is also a Qin family, not the world. Hey, honey! Make the six countries love each other, enough to refuse Qin; Let the state of Qin love the six countries again, and give it to three generations to be king forever. Who wins and who dies? Qin people feel sorry for themselves, and later people mourn for them; Later generations grieved, failed to learn from it, and let future generations mourn for future generations.
translate
The six countries collapsed and the world was unified. All the trees in the mountains of Sichuan were cut down and Epang Palace was built. It covers more than 300 miles, almost covering the sun. It starts from the north of Lishan Mountain and winds westward to Xianyang. Weishui and Fan Chuan, vastly flow into the palace wall. Five steps to the tall building and ten steps to the pavilion; The promenade is like a ribbon, winding and high eaves, pecking in the air like a bird's beak. These pavilions are surrounded by different terrains, cloisters are surrounded by hooks, and the cornices are towering, like battle horns. It twists and turns, as dense as a honeycomb, even like a water vortex. I don't know. Tens of millions. The long bridge lies in the water (like a dragon) and there is no cloud. Why is there a dragonfly? The corridor between pavilions is in mid-air (like a rainbow), but it is not after rain. How can there be a rainbow? The high and low pavilions are vague, which makes people unable to distinguish between east, west, north and south. Singing from the high platform makes people feel warm, as warm as spring; Dancing sleeves fluttered in the hall, making people feel cold, as if it was raining cold. On the same day, in the same palace, but the climate is very different.
The daughters and granddaughters of ladies-in-waiting, concubines, princes and nobles (six countries) bid farewell to the palace attic of the old country and got into the chariot and went to Qin State. Singing in the morning and playing the piano at night, they became the concubines of Qin Shihuang. I saw the stars twinkling (early in the morning) and turned on the toilet mirror; Seeing the dark clouds disturbing, they combed their hair early in the morning; There is a layer of greasy water on the Weihe River, which they spilled powder water. Light smoke fills the air, and the fragrance is filled with fog, which is the special fragrance of pepper and orchid they burned. Suddenly, the loud noise was deafening, and the palace car passed by. I don't know where it's going, because the sound of the wheels is fading away. (Maid-in-waiting) tries her best to show her charm. Every skin and gesture are extremely touching. They stood and watched for a long time, hoping that the emperor would be lucky to come; (Poor) Some people have not seen the emperor for thirty-six years. The treasures collected by Zhao in Yan, the gold and silver collected by Wei in South Korea and the treasures preserved by Chu in Qi are all plundered from the people for many years and generations, piling up like mountains. Once the country is destroyed and can no longer be occupied, it will be transported to Epang Palace. From then on, Baoding (as) iron pot, Baoyu (as) stone, gold (as) clods and pearls (as) rubble were littered, which was not a pity for Qin people to see.
Alas! One person's idea is also the idea of millions of people. Qin Shihuang liked prosperity and luxury, and the people also missed their homes. Why don't you even let go of a penny when you treasure, but treat it like sediment when you squander it? Even make (Epang Palace) has more pillars supporting the girders than farmers in the fields; There are more rafters on beams than weaver girls on looms; There are more protruding nails than millet in the barn; Uneven tile joints, people wear silk thread; There are more straight railings and horizontal thresholds than the cloisters in Kyushu; Monotonous, rarely changing music, more than people in the city talk. People all over the world are afraid to say it, but their hearts are full of anger. The tyrant Qin Shihuang became more and more arrogant and stubborn. So Chen Sheng and Guangwu rose up, and Liu Bang broke through Hangu Pass; Xiang Yu set a fire, but the luxurious palace became a scorched earth!
Alas! It was the six countries themselves that destroyed the six countries, not the State of Qin. It was the king of Qin himself who destroyed the state of Qin, not everyone in the world. Alas! If the monarchs of the six countries can caress their own people, they can resist the state of Qin; If we can also cherish the people of the six countries, we can pass it on to the third generation, or even to generations as emperors. Who can destroy him? The rulers of Qin had no time to lament their own demise, but let future generations lament; If future generations lament rather than learn from it, then it is necessary for future generations to lament.
Self-reading prompt
Epanggong Fu is selected from Du Mu's Collected Works of Fan Chuan. Du Mu (803-852) was born in Mu Zhi. Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi) was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. This article was written in the year of Bao Liyuan, Emperor Jingzong of Tang Dynasty (825). The author said in the book "Revelation from the Articles of Upper-level Companions": "Bao Li is a big palace with many melodies, pretending to be" Epang Palace Fu ". Therefore, this poem satirizes the emperor by satirizing the present, that is, the historical fact that Qin Shihuang was extravagant and ruined his future.
The article is well-structured and structured. The first half describes the extravagance of Qin Shihuang in an exaggerated way: the first paragraph writes that the Epang Palace project is huge and magnificent; The second paragraph describes the luxury and corruption of court life. These two paragraphs are well written from the outside to the inside, from pavilions to character activities. The second half, from description to lyrical discussion. In the third paragraph, it is written that the blackmail of the Qin Dynasty led to the peasant uprising. Overthrow its rule; The fourth paragraph is intended to summarize the historical lessons of Qin's death, pointing out that "future generations" (referring to the rulers at that time) will repeat the mistakes of history if they do not learn from them. These two paragraphs are very clear from ancient times to the present.
In this form, Fu pays attention to the neatness of words and the harmony of tones, exaggerates the description of things, and often adds a note at the end to express the meaning of allegory. It is a genre between poetry and prose. This paper has all these characteristics.
This article is full of passion, exquisite language and rich literary talent, both in description and discussion. Sometimes parallel prose is two-way and changes neatly; Sometimes the metaphor is apt and vivid; Sometimes parallelism is used to make the article full of momentum.
To annotate ...
(1) unification.
[Shu, Afang Chu] The mountains in Sichuan are bare, and Afang Palace appears. Stand upright, the mountain is high and flat. It is described here that the trees on the mountain have been completely cut down. Going out, going out, means building.
The total length is more than 300 miles (Weinan to Xianyang). This is to describe the continuous palaces and pavilions, covering an extremely wide area. Cover, cover.
[isolated from the sun] covered the sun. This describes the height of palaces and castles.
Mount Li ... Xianyang [Epang Palace] was built from the north of Mount Li, turned west and went all the way to Xianyang (ancient Xianyang was in the northwest of Mount Li). Go ahead, Tide.
[Erchuan Dissolution] Erchuan refers to Weishui and Fan Chuan. After dissolution, the river flows slowly.
The corridor is wide and winding. The waist of the corridor, the corridor connecting high-rise buildings, is like a person's waist, so. I am wandering. Back, twists and turns.
The eaves (like bird's beak) are upturned. Cornice teeth, eaves protruding like teeth.
【 each terrain 】 each with the terrain. This is a state in which buildings and terrain are built back to back.
[intrigue] The corners of the house are centripetal, like hooks, interrelated; The four corners of the house are opposite, as if they were fighting each other. Heart, house heart. Corner, cornice.
ととととととととととととととととととととととととと12 Plate, turn around. Hey, hey, the way it bends.
There are tens of millions of people standing. Sit down and describe how the building stands. The following "I don't know where it is" has the same usage. Fall, equivalent to "seat" or "place".
The long bridge is covered with water and there is no cloud. How can there be dragons without clouds? The Book of Changes says that "clouds follow dragons", so people think that there should be clouds if there are dragons. This is a pretentious word to describe the long bridge as a dragon.
[Multiple roads] A passage made of wood between pavilions and pavilions. Because there are channels up and down, it is called multipath.
I can't see the difference.
It means that people sing on the stage, and the music sounds like it is full of warmth. Blend like spring. Harmony, harmony.
It means that people dance in the temple, and their sleeves are fluttering, which seems to bring cold, as cold as wind and rain.
Qiáng refers to the court concubines of the princes of the six countries. They have their own rank (princesses rank higher than concubines). I am the man who married him, or I can be the man who married him. The following "prince's grandson" refers to the daughters and granddaughters of five princes in six countries.
[Go downstairs and come to Qin] [Ni M [n]] [Say goodbye to the palace (of the six countries) and take a chariot to Qin.
[The stars are shining, and the cosmetic mirror is turned on] The stars are shining, which is the mirror for (officials) to open the toilet. Yingying, bright posture. The following four sentences are the same sentence pattern.
The fat cream ("fat water containing rouge and face powder") has gone up.
[Pepper orchid] Two kinds of spice plants.
The sound of cars is getting farther and farther away. Rolling, the sound of the car dealership.
Any part of the skin, any kind of appearance, is extremely charming. State refers to the beauty of the body. Yan, beautiful
[Li Li] It's been a long time.
Fortunately, when emperors went to a place in feudal times, they were called "lucky". The princess and the concubine were favored by the emperor and were called "lucky". The "lucky" here includes the above two meanings.
[Thirty-six years] The reign of Qin Shihuang was thirty-six years. According to the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 years before1year), China was unified, and in the 37th year (209 years before), he died, calling himself emperor for 12 years. Here, 36 years is the length of service, which is a long time.
[Collection] refers to gold, jade, treasures, etc. The following "management" and "elite" also mean this.
Ask the people for pi ā o. Plagiarism, robbery, plunder. People, people Tang avoided the taboo of Emperor Taizong and changed people into people. Next, people are homesick, the six countries love each other and Fu Qin loves the six countries.
The word "person" is the same as this.
Accumulate.
【 Tinkling jade, gold nuggets and pebbles 】 chēng of Baoding (as an iron pot), beautiful jade (as a human head), gold (as clods) and pearls (as stones). A shallow pan.
〕 change (lǐ yǐ)〕 continuous. It means "connected" and "everywhere".
zh)ととととととととととと
[The pillar of the negative building] undertakes the pillar of the pillar.
The prominent way of stone in water. The protruding nail head is described here.
G (y incarnation) is an open-air barn.
[Nine Earths] Kyushu.
[Du Fu] refers to Qin Shihuang.
Stubborn.
"Garrison Call" refers to the Guangwu Uprising in Chen She.
In 206 BC, Liu Bang led an army into Xianyang, overthrew the rule of the Qin Dynasty and sent troops to guard Hangu Pass. Lift, pull, grab.
Refers to the chu people burned a torch 】 【 xiang yu (descendants of chu general Xiang Yan) also entered xianyang in 206 BC, burned the palace of the state of qin, the fire didn't go out in March.
[clan] Used as a verb to destroy a clan and kill its people.
Pass it on, pass it on in order.
Make an appreciative comment
(1) What is the background and purpose of the author's writing this article?
Analysis: To answer this question, please refer to the self-reading tips. "A Fang Gong Fu" was written in the Yuan Dynasty of Bao Li, Jing Zong, Emperor Taizong, that is, in 825 AD, Du Mu said in "Intimate Articles": "Bao Li has a big palace, so she calls herself" A Fang Gong Fu ". Tang Jingzong Li Zhan 16 years old succeeded to the throne. He was lustful and lustful, built a lot of buildings, indulged in extravagant feasts, ignored state affairs, and visited strangers, hoping to get the immortal elixir. Therefore, he was killed by eunuch Liu Keming after three years in office. The author foresaw the dangerous situation in the Tang Dynasty, and used this poem to write that Qin was profligate, lewd, wasting people's money and eventually dying. In fact, he used Qin's story to satirize the current affairs of the Tang Dynasty, and advised the rulers of the Tang Dynasty to learn from the past, not to mourn but not to learn, and finally ended up with the result that "future generations will mourn but not die".
(2) What is the structural level of this article?
Analysis: Four paragraphs can be divided into two parts.
The first part (paragraphs 1 and 2) describes the magnificent and luxurious Epang Palace from the outside to the inside, from pavilions to people's activities, where life is extremely extravagant.
Paragraph 1: Epang Palace is resplendent and luxurious.
Two even sentences on the first floor (12) explain the huge cost behind the construction of the palace.
On the second floor ("Overpressure") ... "Straight to Xianyang"), the magnificent rules of the palace are written.
The third floor ("The Second Biography was dissolved" ... "I don't know the West and the East") renders the palace grand, luxurious, magnificent and spectacular.
On the fourth floor ("singing platform is very warm" ... "uneven climate"), people in the palace are active.
The second paragraph: Describe the debauchery and luxury of the ruler's life.
The first floor (the first six sentences) is the source of imperial secretary's pleasure.
On the second floor ("Starry Yingying" ... "Thirty-six Years of Shame"), it is extremely written that life in the palace is decadent and extravagant.
On the third floor (the rest of the sentence), we write about debauchery from jewelry display, revealing robbery.
The second part (the third and fourth paragraphs) discusses and analyzes, pointing out that "Qin loves luxury and does not cherish people's resources, which will naturally lead to the fate of extinction, and exhorts not to repeat the mistakes of the Qin Dynasty.
The third paragraph: Point out the fate that Qin will die.
The first floor (almost ... "Use it like sand") denounced the crimes of the rulers of the Qin Dynasty who only cared about self-interest, ignored the people's valley, extorted money, and squandered money.
On the second floor ("the pillar of the negative building" ...... "Dare to speak and dare to be angry"), the first emperor was denounced for his extravagance, so that many people ran counter to it.
The third layer (the rest of the sentences) succinctly wrote that the Qin emperor had no way, which led to peasant uprising, burning down the palace and then embarking on the road of self-destruction.
The fourth paragraph: satirize Li Zhan, king of the Tang Dynasty, not to repeat the mistakes of Qin Shihuang.
The first layer (from the beginning to "whoever gets it will destroy the nation") draws lessons from history and points out the reasons for the demise of the Qin Dynasty in the six countries.
The second floor (the remaining sentence) satirizes the Tang Dynasty not to repeat the tragedy.
(3) Du Mu advocated: "Everything is based on meaning, supplemented by qi, and guarded by colorful badges." He emphasized the importance of ideological content and thought that form should serve the content. What is written in this text? What is the author's intention?
Analysis: After reading the full text carefully, it is not difficult to see that the author aims to summarize the historical lessons of the demise of the Qin Dynasty. 1 section lays out the grandeur of Epang Palace. In the second paragraph, there are many beautiful women and treasures among officials. In the third paragraph, it is pointed out that it is precisely because the rulers of Qin dynasty were arrogant and extravagant and abused the people's power that the peasants in Qin dynasty revolted and perished. The fourth paragraph turns to the discussion, further pointing out that the fundamental reason for the decline and fall of the six countries and the death of Qin was that they could not love the people. At the end of the article, the four sentences are concise, implying irony and admonition, and implicitly warning future generations that if they do not take history as a mirror, they will repeat the same mistakes.
It can be seen that summing up the historical lessons of Qin's death to admonish "future generations" is the theme of this paper. Contact Du Mu himself in "Intimate Chapter Qi" said "Bao Li (Tang Jingzong year number-5; ) The grand palace is wide and dissolute, pretending to be "Epang Palace Fu", which shows that this "descendant" refers to the supreme ruler at that time.
(4) What aspects does the text attempt to describe Epang Palace? How does this description affect the expression center?
Analysis; The text describes Epang Palace from three aspects: first, the wonders of Epang Palace; second, the beauties of Epang Palace; third, the treasures of Epang Palace. When writing architecture, the text begins with a broad and lofty panorama, and then describes in detail the buildings, corridors, eaves, long bridges, dance halls and other wonders in the palace; Write beautiful women, describe their origins, describe their gfd, describe their beauty, tell their worries, draw vivid pictures and prepare for rendering; Writing about treasures means that the six countries plundered mountains, and the Qin people abandoned them as our shoes and regarded them as rubble. These descriptions are brilliant and colorful, fully demonstrating the characteristics of Fu style. However, the purpose of the author's fu is not to lay out the scale of Afang officials, the number of palaces, the number of beautiful women and the number of treasures. Through a tower, a palace and a picture of a golden jade, the author aims to show that the extravagance and corruption of the rulers of the Qin Dynasty have reached an unbounded level. In order to maintain this luxurious life, exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees were the root cause of the collapse of the Qin Dynasty. At the end of the article, the general comment said: "The majestic Afang described in the above picture is not because it envies its luxury, but because it is arrogant and resentful, and people are unhappy, and some people do not love the six countries." It can be seen that the touching description in the front of the article provides a solid foundation for the macro discussion of justice in the back and the summary of the historical lessons and realistic satire of Qin's demise at the end of the article.
(5) The author only used 100 words in his magnificent description of Epang Palace, but it left a vivid impression on readers. From what angles did the author describe the architecture of Epang Palace? Why is there a huge artistic appeal?
Analysis: In this part, the author adopts a combination of overall writing and detailed writing.
In the general writing part, the author splashed ink and freehand brushwork, and sketched it with a thick pen. "Covering an area of more than 300 Li" means that it covers a wide area and "covers the sky and the sun". It is a castle. The sentence "Mount Li" is written to lean against mountains and waters, with extraordinary momentum.
In the detail part, the author pays great attention to meticulous painting. One is to write pavilions and high eaves with overlapping corridors, which are too numerous to mention; Then the long bridge is like a dragon, and the complex road is like a rainbow to set off the majesty of the palace and the height of the pavilion. As mentioned above, only the appearance of the building is written. Then, the author's brush strokes go deep into the interior of the building. Singing on the stage and jumping off the stage is an intertextual writing. Both the stage and the temple can dance, which shows that the palace is full of light singing and dancing. "In one day, there are palaces, but the climate is uneven" followed by "warm sound" and "cold can", which further describes the grand occasion of court song and dance from people's subjective feelings. These words not only set off many palaces with the complexity of singing and dancing, but also paved the way for the following beautiful women to flood the palaces.
In this section, the author introduces the wonders of Epang Palace from far to near, from the outside to the inside. There are wonderful strokes in the narrative. For example, writing about the pavilion's "local situation" is related to the background of "Lishan Mountain breaks in the north and goes straight into Xianyang". There are apt and vivid metaphors in the narrative, such as "the long bridge lies in the waves and the road is empty", which is both economical and vivid. There are also dynamic descriptions in the narrative, such as writing "Biography", writing songs and dances, and writing sounds and sounds, which are fascinating. Coupled with the use of a large number of dual parallelism sentences, the syllables of the sentences are powerful and have beautiful phonology. Thus, in hundreds of dozens of words, the majestic posture of Epang Palace is displayed in front of readers.
(6) What rhetorical devices are used in the four sentences such as "Starry Yingying" in the second paragraph? What are the advantages of writing like this?
Analysis: "Xing Yingying" and "Kaihua makeup mirror" are inverted metaphors. "Starry Yingying" is a metaphor, and "civilized makeup mirror" is the noumenon. The contrast between the shining stars and the cosmetic mirrors opened one after another is both appropriate and vivid. Putting the vehicle in front gives a vivid picture first, and then the ontology explains the reasons, leaving a deeper impression on the readers, which is surprising. "The disturbance of Lv Yun, combing the small joys" is similar to the expression in the previous sentence. In the third sentence, it is said that throwing away fat water bored Liu Wei, and it is exaggerated to say that there are many beautiful women to freshen up. In the fourth sentence, it is exaggerated to write that burning pepper orchids causes smoke and fog, and the effect is the same as that in the third sentence. Four-word equivalence, rhyme, fresh metaphor and ingenious exaggeration make people see things in a blur. It is with the help of opening mirrors, combing hair, abandoning fat water and burning pepper orchids that the author vividly wrote the number of beautiful women in the palace and the width of the palace. Writing a palace is to undertake the above; To write beauty is to open the following paragraph. Therefore, the author went on to write about beauty and hope for luck. This floor is all about beautiful women, but from the life experience of beautiful women, we can also see the extravagance of Qin Shihuang. Many works of Da Fu in Han Dynasty were spread out and piled up by themselves. Du Mu, on the other hand, gave full play to the advantages of Fu, deliberately exaggerating, but all the descriptions were for the later discussion and served to express the theme. It can be seen from the description of beauty in this section.
(7) The author wrote "Epang Palace Fu" in order to summarize the historical lessons of the demise of the Qin Dynasty and satirize the state affairs. But why did you write that Epang Palace was burned, but said that "the Chu people were burned and the earth was burned"? What thoughts and feelings did the author reveal here?
Analysis: "Pity" means "worthy of pity" in modern Chinese, but in classical Chinese, besides explaining "worthy of pity", it also means cute and pitiful. The "pity" here is interpreted as "pity". The author uses these two words to fill the lines with infinite emotions. The Qin dynasty, once a world power, collapsed under the impact of the peasant uprising and soon perished; Epang Palace, which covers an area of more than 300 miles, was also reduced to ashes in a fire. The historical facts of the rapid demise of the Qin dynasty show that it is difficult to love the people and seek long-term stability. However, at that time, the rulers of the Tang Dynasty ignored the historical lessons, indulged in debauchery, expanded the palace, and lived a life above the accumulated salary, still thinking that they were safe. History ups and downs, stirring the chest; Seeing the reality, I was filled with emotion. Unfortunately, the magical and magnificent Epang Palace was set on fire. Unfortunately, the once famous Qin Renchao was destroyed. The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future Unexpectedly, today's people are behind Qin people. Isn't the fate of the Tang Dynasty worrying? The author's anxiety and anger are beyond words. Cifu is different from essays, and it is not straightforward in many places. You need to think carefully when reading to understand the author's intention.
(8) The language of the article is concise and rich in meaning. For example.
Analysis: This article is extraordinary from the beginning. The editor's comment is: "Four languages. It is really surprising and gratifying that all the words after the reunification of the first emperor have been written. " The first two sentences are about the demise of the six countries and the unification of the whole country by Qin. The seemingly general narrative is actually the following context: Why are the "Six Kings" "finished"? Why can "four seas" be "one"? What is the key to death and prosperity? After reading the whole article, you will know that it is here that the author began to sum up historical lessons. The last two sentences say that Epang Palace was built after all the trees in Shushan were cut down, and that the construction project is huge and contains deeper and wider social content. Li Bai has a poem that says: the Tao is one foot high, and the devil is one foot high. The author did not elaborate on how much manpower, material resources, difficulties and obstacles are needed to cut down the trees in Shushan and transport them to Guanzhong, but the reader can imagine. To build such a magnificent palace, logging and transporting wood is just a project. Shortly after the unification of the world, this kind of abuse of people's power will inevitably lead to serious consequences, which the author has hinted at. "Excessive enthusiasm" and "extravagance and waste" are the reasons for bringing disaster. The first four sentences are not only grand, but also profound and intriguing. From the linguistic point of view, the antithesis of each other rhymes (all rhymes), and the tone is quick and powerful, which is really "abrupt and gratifying".
It is not uncommon for words to be concise and profound. For example, in the second paragraph, the Qin people spend money like water, and the words "jingling jade, gold nuggets and pebbles" are used to form four metaphors. On the one hand, it is profligate, on the other hand, it must be searched. The narrative here also laid the foundation for the following discussion. The author's hammering and sentence refining refer to some things, which should be deeply understood and studied seriously.
(9) Since Du Mu wrote this fu in order to summarize the historical lessons of the demise of the Qin Dynasty and satirize the current abuses, why did he start with the demise of the Six Kingdoms?
Analysis: The author satirizes the current disadvantages, taking the demise of the Qin Dynasty as a reference; Write about the downfall of the Qin dynasty, paving the way for the decline of the six countries. Why did the six countries perish? Fu said, "If the six countries are destroyed, the six countries will love each other." . It can be seen that the demise of the six countries is the result of not loving the people. How can we see that the six countries do not love the people? "The collection of Yan and Zhao, the rule of Han and Wei, the elite of Qi and Chu, plundered their people for generations, relying on mountains and rivers." "Qin Zhibao" (synonymous with wealth) comes from six countries; The treasure of the six countries is taken from the people. In order to meet the needs of luxury life, the rulers plundered the people and spared no expense. The "six kings" ended their rule because they did not love the people; If the State of Qin learns a lesson and "cherishes the people of the six countries" again, it will not perish soon. However, "Shu, one side destroyed it", so the Qin Dynasty embarked on the old road of the destruction of the six countries. The word Qian 12 not only leads to the construction of Epang Palace in a broad historical background, but also plays a role in covering the whole story and suggesting the theme.
(10) Briefly compare the similarities and differences in writing between Afanggong Fu, Six Kingdoms Theory and Guo Qin Theory and this article.
Analysis: Cifu is a style between poetry and prose, so it is more literary, and it pays more attention to the use of literary techniques such as description, elaboration and exaggeration in writing. Therefore, the first three sections of A Fu are not limited to the concrete "truth", but use imagination and association to describe the extravagance and debauchery of Qin. Strictly speaking, Qin Theory and Six Kingdoms Theory should be a kind of historical theory, which should be based on history, so we should concentrate more pen and ink to state and record relevant historical facts, and then put forward our own views on the basis of historical facts.