Bern was founded in 1 19 1 year and became the capital of Switzerland in 1848. When Bern was first built, Duke Berceau Doff, the ruler, had a whim and decided to go out for hunting, using the first wild animal he caught as the name of the city. As a result, he hit a bear first. Since then, the national emblem and city emblem of Bern have been designed with bears, so Bern is also called "the city of bears". It has a medieval style, antique old buildings and narrow streets. Towering towers, shops with corridors and colored stone fountains erected in the center of the street all attract tourists. This well-preserved ancient city has been listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO.
Bern can only be called a "delicate city" to a greater extent, but not as grand and huge as many other capitals. As a neutral country, Switzerland makes people feel serene everywhere, and Bern is the best embodiment of this tranquility. The simple structure embodies the spirit of simplicity, and the warm pastoral atmosphere is surrounded by the lingering aristocratic elegance. It can be said that Bern is the most beautiful capital in the world, and the whole city is a fine work of art. After careful production by skilled craftsmen in past dynasties, those magnificent buildings (medieval, Gothic and Baroque) are wonderfully interdependent, as if they are integrated, which is beyond the reach of any other place.
Bern is also the center of traditional Swiss watch industry, where many world-famous products have been born. It is the largest shopping area with medieval characteristics in Europe. The bell tower can also be called the symbol of Bern. This huge bell tower was built in the13rd century and was once the gateway to Bern. Today, this historic bell tower is one of the most famous scenic spots in Bern's cultural heritage and is open to the public. Charming shapes, figures, clock faces and astronomical clocks are architectural masterpieces that were officially completed in 1530. Built in 142 1 year, the cathedral is a model of late Gothic architecture in Switzerland. There are the famous "The Last Judgment" (1495), the carved choir eaves built by 1523, and the carved skylight completed by1-1450. Its 100-meter-high spire is the tallest building spire in Switzerland.
Bern is the capital of the Swiss Confederation and the seat of the Swiss government and the two houses of parliament (the House of Representatives and the Senate). Visitors who enter the conference hall to visit this historic building can get a 45-minute accompanying explanation. If there are parliamentary periods, national holidays or special reasons, the visit will be stopped, but the public seats of the four congresses held every year are open here and allowed to attend.
Geneva is the most internationalized city in Switzerland. It is located on the beautiful shores of Lake Geneva, the largest lake in western Europe, and the Farah Mountains and Alps are close at hand. In the city, flowers are all over the lake in the park, which is beautiful. Geneva is an international city with a long history, which is famous for its profound humanitarian tradition, colorful cultural activities, major conferences and exhibitions, mouth-watering food, fresh suburban scenery and numerous sightseeing projects and sports facilities.
Geneva pays attention to nature and blends in with the environment. There are many ways to carry out sports activities in nature: swimming and playing on the Rhone River and Lake Lemmon; Riding a horse, riding a bike or walking in the suburbs; Skiing in the nearby Alps or Mount Farah and so on. Whether climbing cliffs, soaring in the air or swimming in the lake, Geneva is really an ideal place for people who love nature and sports.
Geneva is the meeting point of the whole world and the seat of the European headquarters of the United Nations. Hundreds of conferences, exhibitions and celebrations are held here every year, attracting tourists from all over the world. There are more than 200 international organizations and many humanitarian agencies in Geneva, such as the European headquarters of the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. Geneva is known as the "Capital of Peace" by the world.
Geneva is located in the center of Europe, from which it is very convenient to visit other parts of Switzerland by boat, train or coach, such as visiting the famous cheese factory in the medieval town of Gerye, watching the snow-covered matterhorn in Zermatt, or visiting the world-famous Castle of Shiyong. Visit Mont Blanc, the highest peak in Europe in the French town of Chahar.
Lake Geneva, also known as Lake Lemmon and Lake Zinev, is a famous lake, scenic spot and health resort in Western Europe. Located in the suburb of Geneva at the southwestern tip of Switzerland, bordering on the eastern part of France, it is 72 kilometers long, 8 kilometers wide and covers an area of 580 square kilometers. They belong to Switzerland and France, each accounting for about half. The lake is 375m above sea level, with an average water depth of150m and the deepest point of 3 10/0m. The lake flows from east to west, just like a crescent moon, and the missing part of the moon is connected with France. It is the largest lake in the Alps. The lake is full of ripples and clouds, like a mirror. The water does not lift waves, and it is not frozen all year round. The color is deep blue and clear. There is an artificial fountain in the lake, which uses powerful electricity to make the lake spray a white water column, as high as 150 meters, soaring into the sky. The spring water sprayed into the sky turned into scattered clouds, and the sun shone like a looming rainbow; The breeze is blowing, and the water mist is floating like a gauze. Swans and waterfowl swim in the water, yachts and colorful sails swim in the five lakes. Flocks of white pigeons strolled by the lake, serene and quiet. After nightfall, countless neon lights on both sides of the river shine on the lake, making it shine. Some luxury cruise ships often hold concerts or dances, and melodious music and waves form a wonderful symphony. Don't be ridiculous. The lake is centered on the Mont Blanc Bridge, and there are four parks along the lake: Riptide Park, Rose Park, Pearl Park, English Garden, Botanical Garden and Lakeside Flower Clock. Lakeside villas are continuous, with red walls and green tiles hidden in the shade. Flowers and trees are lush, and the water is clear and blue, which is regarded as a scenic spot on earth.
The flower clock is a famous scenic spot in Geneva. Switzerland is known as "the country of gardens" and "the hometown of clocks and watches". What's even more amazing is that Swiss craftsmen perfectly combine the beauty of flowers with the technology of clock manufacturing, and create a "flower clock" with ingenuity. The flower clock is located on the lakeside of Lemmon, which is a facility for people to enjoy and embodies the function of the clock. Its mechanical structure is set underground, the clock face on the ground is covered with fresh and tender green herbs, and the Arabic numeral representing 12 hour consists of dense and fiery flowers; Sometimes, the clock face is covered with gorgeous flowers, but its Arabic numerals are replaced by flat green. It changes color with the seasons, but it remains bright and fragrant all the time. When the flowering period of the flowers that make up the clock face has passed, people will plant another flower to make the clock face form a new pattern. The hour hand of a clock, like the minute hand and ordinary clocks, keeps moving on the face of the clock, whether in the sun or in the wind and rain. When visitors appreciate the novel design of the flower clock, they can't help looking at a pair of their own watches. The Swiss are very proud of the design of "Flower Clock", and the map of Geneva uses "Flower Clock" as the symbol of the city. This kind of "flower clock" can also be seen in parks in many other cities in Switzerland, but only the "flower clock" in Geneva is the real "ancestor".
Originally located in the lower reaches of the Rhone River, this big fountain was used by craftsmen to drain water after turning off the faucet in the shop. Later, the140m high fountain was moved to the center of Geneva Harbor. At first, people were worried that such a huge fountain would destroy the beauty of the port, but they didn't expect that this simple but ingenious design would become a symbol of Geneva in the future.
St Peter's Cathedral, built between 1 160 and 1232, is the most impressive landmark in the old city. The cathedral combines many architectural styles: the original building is Romanesque, and its arch is Gothic. In the18th century, the main entrance was Greek-Romanesque columns and the Pantheon dome similar to Rome. Below the cathedral lies the largest underwater monument open to the public in Europe, which will help visitors understand how the cathedral has developed from a simple chapel to its present scale.
In addition, we can also see many amazing miracles, such as the baptist church built in the 4th century and the exquisite mosaics reflecting different social classes in different periods in the 5th century. Zurich is the capital of zurich state, the largest city in Switzerland and the richest city in Europe. It is located in the northern Alps, at the northwest end of Lake Zurich, at the mouth of Limat River and Lake Zurich. Zurich has a population of 369,000. Zurich in Crete means "water town". Villages were formed as early as 2000 years ago, and the city-state was established in 12 18, and 135 1 year joined the Swiss Confederation. By the 18 and 19 centuries, Zurich had become the cultural, educational and scientific center of the main German-speaking nationalities in Switzerland, and many famous scientists, including Einstein and Wolff Tongboli, one of the founders of nuclear physics, had studied and worked here.
Zurich is located at the crossroads of commercial routes from France to Eastern Europe and Germany to Italy, and it is also a land, sea and air transportation hub. Industry and commerce have always been prosperous, especially silk weaving, which was the silk weaving center north of the Alps in the Middle Ages. Now its industry ranks first in the country, and the machinery manufacturing industry accounts for 3/4 of the national GDP. The Swiss National Federation of Industry and Commerce is located here. Zurich is not only the largest financial center in Switzerland, but also an important financial center in Western Europe. There are more than 120 banks here, more than half of which are foreign banks, so they enjoy the title of "European millionaire city".
On both sides of Silbolt Street and Exchange Street, there are many banks, and the trading volume of the stock exchange is second to none in western Europe, accounting for 70% of the securities trading volume in western Europe. Banhoff Street in Zurich is considered to be the richest street in the world. Every year, the funds mobilized from here have reached an incalculable astronomical figure. It is rumored that some people fly halfway around the world to spend an afternoon shopping spree because they yearn for the famous Bahnhofstrass in Zurich.
This 1.4km-long avenue includes two dazzling consumer paradise, Grobus and Yarmolly, and five bank headquarters with the reputation of "Zurich Elf". The shops on both sides display luxury goods, antique treasures, expensive furs, watches, jewels and intoxicating French perfume, which are holy places for pursuing world famous brands. Design and cut first-class fashion brands, such as aigner, Belle, surberrys, Chanel, Ferragamo Gucci, Hermes, Louis Vuitton and Prada, and decorate the window with charm. Other famous brand watch, jewelry design, fashion design and antique appraisal companies are also located on both sides of the avenue, such as Beyer, Bucherer Bvlgari Cartierl Gubelin, Les Ambassadeurs Meister and Turier, which add modern luxury to the ancient stone egg road in the city.
The Swiss National Museum can browse the cultural history of Europe for thousands of years. As soon as you enter the exhibition hall, you can see the huge mural painted by the young artist Hotlier, which was once famous all over the world. There are more than 65,438+000 different showrooms in this maze-like building, which contain early archaeological discoveries, Roman relics, pagan cultural handicrafts, shields and badges, etc. The exhibition hall and hall are decorated in the style of 65,438+05 to 65,438+08 centuries. This is the largest museum in Zurich, and I'm afraid I can't see all the pavilions in one day. St Peter's Cathedral is the oldest church in Zurich, which was built in 1534. The tower has the largest church clock plate in Europe, with a height of 8.7 meters.