First of all, the first person to wear a diamond
Diamonds, also known as diamonds, are extremely hard and are regarded as the most expensive treasures in the world. It was formed in the depths of the earth's crust millions of years ago and was the result of the long-term action of huge heat and high pressure inside the volcano. When a volcano erupts, it rushes out of the surface with magma, or is washed into the sea and rivers by rain, or buried in cool rocks. Diamonds are divided into 5000 grades according to transparency, color and shape. Its weight is in carats. In most countries, 1 carat is equal to 0.2 grams. In order to get 1 carat diamond, people must mine a lot of ore. In some mines, the weight ratio of diamonds to impurities in ores is 1: 1 100 million. Diamonds are so rare and widely used, no wonder their value is so high.
Indians discovered diamonds long ago and wore them. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/7th century, a man named Joan? 6? 1 Baptist Church? 6? 1 A French court jeweler (later jeweler) traveled to Persia and India with camel caravan in Taverny, and returned to France and brought back some diamonds to Louis XIV. Since then, European aristocrats have regarded wearing diamonds as a symbol of elegance and luxury. Nowadays, the wind of wearing diamonds has swept the world. The earliest big diamond discovered by people is the "Keyinong" diamond in the Mughal kingdom.
Second, Koyi's big diamond and its magical legend
Keyi's big diamond was discovered by Indians more than 300 years ago, when its weight was 1000 carats. "Ke Yi Nong" means a magnificent mountain peak, or a lighthouse on the top of the mountain. It is a national treasure handed down from ancient times by the Mughal Empire. There is also a magical legend about Koyi's diamond: whoever owns it can rule the world, and the owner must be a woman, otherwise his life and status are in danger of losing. To this end, many rulers of ancient India did not hesitate to meet each other in order to possess it.
The wealth of the Mughal emperor Jaha V is unmatched by any monarch in the Christian world. Among his countless treasures, two are the most famous: one is his throne, called Peacock Throne, which is resplendent and full of diamonds, rubies, garnets, pearls and emeralds, and the canopy above the throne is also full of diamonds and jewels; The other is his most precious Keyinong diamond.
Emperor Jaha was deposed by his son aurangzeb. Aurangzeb became the sixth emperor of the Mochena Empire. In order to consolidate his position, he executed his brother. Aurangzeb receives a tribute from his subjects once a year. All the tributes are cotton satin woven from diamonds, rubies, emeralds and gold and silver threads. Taverny (the jeweler mentioned above) saw this scene and wrote: "The emperor received a gift worth 30 million livres. The tribute that the Mughal Emperor received at one time was equivalent to four times the personal income of King William III of England of 700,000 pounds. " Aurangzeb allowed Taverny to identify Keyinon diamonds. When Taverny identified it, this big diamond weighed 280 carats. Because after thousands of years of wearing, the weight has been reduced a lot.
Third, how many times have big diamonds changed hands?
Koiyi diamond
When aurangzeb was in power, the Mughal Empire reached its peak, but it was also from aurangzeb that the empire went from peak to decline. After his death, 13 Mughal emperors succeeded to the throne. During their reign, the Mughal dynasty gradually declined. 1739 65438+ February, Posnad? 6? 1 Coulee attacks the Mughal Empire. In the Battle of Kanal, the fighting lasted for three hours and 8000 Indian officers and men were killed. Then Nader captured Delhi and killed 20 thousand people. He stayed in Delhi for several months, issuing money in his name, and his name was recited in public prayers as a king. Nader's booty this time is estimated to be as high as 700 million rupees, including all crown jewels, the famous Koyi diamond and the peacock throne.
1600 The establishment of the East India Company marked the invasion of India by British colonial forces. Back in time, the national strength of the Mughal Empire went from bad to worse. Robert Robert Clive, known as the founder of the British Indian Empire, led 3,000 people (2,200 Indian soldiers and 800 European soldiers) to defeat 50,000 Bangladeshi troops of the Mughal Empire in the battle of Plasi in 1797, plundered the Bangladeshi treasury and plundered millions of pounds of wealth. Robert Robert Clive took 200,000 pounds of gold, silver, diamonds and jewels by himself. Robert Robert Clive later admitted in the British Parliament: "Think about the position that the victory of Plasi gave me! A big maharaja tried to please me; A rich city is dominated by me. It is richer and more densely populated than London. Among them, the richest bankers competed to bid for my smile. I went in and out of the vault opened only for me, and my hands were full of gold and jewels. Mr. President, at this moment, I am really surprised at my restraint. " As former Indian Prime Minister Nehru wrote in his book: "Shortly after the Battle of Plasi, plunder from Bangladesh began to arrive in London, which seemed to have an impact as soon as it was received ... Perhaps it has never been confirmed that investment can be as big as the profit plundered from India, because Great Britain has been in control for nearly 50 years and there is no competitor." Because Robert Robert Clive's conquest of India was beneficial to Britain, Parliament pointed out: "Lord Robert Robert Clive made great and valuable contributions to Britain."
Under the invasion and plunder of Robert Robert Clive and his successors, the Mughal Empire declined rapidly and eventually became a puppet of the East India Company. After many twists and turns, 1850, Ke Yinong's diamonds were occupied by British colonists and presented to Queen Victoria of England. Queen Victoria lived to be 82 years old, as if she were blessed by the Coynon diamond. During her reign, Britain ruled almost 1/4 of the world. Due to constant wear and tear, the weight of Keyinong diamond has been reduced to 186.5 carats. But even this weight, as the largest diamond in the world, kept a record for the next half century. 1905, a Kalinan diamond was excavated in a mine in South Africa, weighing 3 106 carats, which is the largest natural diamond found in the world so far. 1907 was given as a gift to King Edward VII of England to celebrate his 66th birthday. Since then, Keyinong Diamonds has lost its position of the first weight.
Bahadur II, the last emperor of the Mughal dynasty, was sent to Yangon, Myanmar by the British for participating in the Indian national uprising in 1857. Later, the name Mughal became a word in English, meaning a person with unlimited power and wealth.
The Mughal dynasty has passed 140 years. Keyinong diamond, a symbol of Mughal wealth, has changed its owners with the vicissitudes of the times and the rise and fall of the country. Later, the most famous big diamond in the world was set in the crown of the king of England. Today, it is preserved in the Tower of London, England, as a British national treasure for people to pay tribute to. Keyinong diamond is the witness of the rise and fall of India and the history of foreign aggression against India.