Madame de Pompadour (172 1 ~ 1764) is the founder of rococo art style. She not only participated in military diplomatic affairs, but also influenced the artistic style at that time as a cultural "protector". Madame de Pompadour, whose original name was Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, was born in a family of financial speculators in Paris, and later became the mistress of Louis XV, and was named Marquise. Under the advocacy of Madame de Pompadour, the rococo artistic style came into being, which made the sculpture style with prosperous weather in the17th century shine under the sun king, and was touched by this lady with a delicate hand in the18th century, which was particularly charming.
/kloc-In the 0/8th century, French art was dominated by rococo style, and it has become the center of modern European civilization, which spread this magnificent trend beyond national boundaries and even to the Yuanmingyuan in China.
Rococo style is a kind of court art, which was produced by some factors that did not strictly follow the French classical laws at that time, and was not the inevitable result of Italian Baroque style. It follows the theory of "learning from nature". People are talking about "learning from nature", but from a modern point of view, their so-called learning from nature only makes nature obey the whim of society, and this society is not fully prepared, so that people can truly feel that they live in nature, full of mystery and preparations for letting life slip by. At this time, artists were obedient to the nobility, and at the same time, the nobility asked them to do whatever they wanted. This invention of the French made the church center really turn to the salon center. At this time, the salon is different from the past. All kinds of art exhibitions are called "salons". Painters, sculptors, woodcarvers, copperprinters, jewelers, goldsmiths, joiners, hairdressers, tailors and shoemakers all long for rococo, a beautiful flower that blooms on the basis of exquisite and elegant culture. In every corner, around talkative men and lovely women, from wooden products, crystal utensils, cakes, marble and carpets to display cabinets and tableware inside, from carriages to sedan chairs, from front halls to bedrooms, Rococo style is everywhere. This is the art of high society, which abuses and sucks the attention of artists and distracts them with stolen love and transplanted flowers. Although this climbing structure radiates brilliant brilliance, it is imprisoned around elegant culture and gradually alienated from its natural source. Regrettably, this winding curve limits the freedom of decorators to achieve all-round development in space and always leads them to the track of social activities and services that people can't get rid of. This decorative art came out to meet this need, and it became a prisoner of princes and nobles.
The soul figure of Rococo art is Francois Boucher, a master painter. He painted idyllic love fairy tales on the ceiling, screen, handlebar, door, jewelry box and porcelain, which can be said to be everywhere. Boucher is amiable, generous and pleasure-oriented, and is deeply loved by men and women. He kept communicating with his own times, asking what individuals and this era should do to love these men and women and gain their love. Therefore, he was awarded the title of "Royal Chief Painter".
The highest achievement of Rococo sculpture is represented by two artists who are appreciated by Madame de Pompadour: Pigal and falcone.
Jean-Batistpigal (1714 ~1785) visited Italy in order to win the Rome Prize, which is a competition award set up by Wang Painting and Sculpture Institute for outstanding students to further their studies at the French Academy in Rome. After his failure, he went at his own expense, showing his yearning for Italian art. When he returned to Paris in 174 1, he won the honor of becoming an academician of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. The marble statue completed with this manuscript, together with his other work "Venas", was given as a gift by Louis XV to King Frederick II of Prussia. He has worked for Madame de Pompadour for ten years, and the image of Madame de Pompadour, who is based on her, dressed as the God of Friendship and Cupid embracing the God of Friendship is wonderful. He made this art protector noble, kind, intelligent and charming. What distinguishes him from other sculptors of his time is that he also pursues other artistic styles, such as "Pulling out the Thorn Girl", which he completed before his death, following the ancient Greek style and drawing a full stop for his life's creation. This aspect of him has been developed in the art of his student Wu Dong.
Pierre's rival Etienne-Maurice falcone (1716 ~1791) also came from Jean-batiste Le and lost the Rome Prize. But he stayed in France instead of making a pilgrimage to Italy. He eventually became the most outstanding and typical representative of Rococo sculpture. He was ordered by Madame de Pompadour to lead the famous Sevry Ceramics Factory, and was commissioned by Russian Queen Catherine II to create the "Riding Statue of Peter the Great".
Falcone's aura and delicacy are unparalleled, and he pushed the elegant and feminine style of French sculpture to the extreme. The young women he carved are petite, graceful, romantic and charming, which fully embodies the French character. Besides, they are no longer the goddesses of Giladon. Although they are beautiful, they are not allowed to be touched by mortals, but they are inviting people to love with their youthful bodies of jade Qing, fragrance and fragrance. Falcone's works are not only vivid in modeling, but also rich and delicate in characters' modality. Madame de Pompadour's time made him.
Rococo style is a kind of court art, which originated from the needs of the upper class. Most craftsmen who make such works of art have nothing to do with it in their personal lives. For example, the porcelain of the Royal Sevry Porcelain Factory is used for social occasions in this country, just as the British royal family uses them to welcome visiting foreign heads of state at state banquets today. Rococo decorative style itself has become a major feature of this feast. Severie porcelain was designed by artists such as falcone and Boucher sent by the king. The craftsman who made it has no money and can't use it in daily family life. Only fashionable and fickle nobles can use it.
This unique manufacturing and consumption cycle has contributed to the trend of aristocratic comparison and the extreme luxury of design. 18th century is the golden age of carriage. All dignitaries have carriages representing their own power and rank, competing with each other and competing for beauty. The specific performance is: with the best wood as the skeleton, the carriage is strangely shaped, mostly curved and mostly plants, interspersed with some decorative paintings with beautiful fairy tale colors, and the colors are often mainly red and yellow, and then unified with gold, so as to obtain a gorgeous atmosphere at an expensive cost. This fully shows the aesthetic taste of the nobility, and at the same time, we are amazed that craftsmen have created such exquisite works with their own wisdom and hands.
Looking at the rococo art in the18th century from a modern perspective, it should be said that Madame de Pompadour is the representative and organizer of those who like luxury styles, and has the characteristics of "popular support". So it was not until Rococo-style works appeared that the fashion of "* * *" was aroused among the nobles. It can also be said that the nobles advocated gorgeous atmosphere and induced rococo art. At that time, men and women in the upper class were enthusiastic and personally participated in craft activities, so that some of these behaviors reached the point of being ridiculed and absurd. In the16th century, when King Charles IX of the declining king of valois promised to give the Spanish king a gun made by himself, the Spanish ambassador was greatly surprised. /kloc-in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, Louis XVI's wife Mary complained all day that her husband was immersed in his workshop and didn't even have time to take care of his wife. Louis XVI devoted himself to studying the mystery of clocks and locks in his workshop. In these two cases, we seem to catch a glimpse of those tragic figures, and their roles are incompatible. These people found a paradise of self-comfort in manual labor. But this is an ominous sign for the emperor who doesn't care about state affairs.
The whimsical and changeable Rococo style, which was all the rage, ended with the death of Madame de Pompadour and was replaced by the neoclassicism advocated by another mistress of Louis XV, Madame Dubali. However, the glory of Rococo style has its own vitality beyond the times, and modern people all recognize it as a prelude to the Art Nouveau movement in the19th century. And those surviving artworks are still shining, telling people the fashion of that era and stories that people don't know.