The big string is long and noisy, like a storm; Xiaoxian is gentle and quiet, as if someone is whispering.

Noise and tangles are played alternately; Like a string of beads falling from a jade plate.

Pipa sounds like a smooth birdsong under a flower for a while, and then it sounds like a difficult, low and intermittent sound of water flowing under the ice.

It seems that the cold and astringent pipa sound of the spring began to condense, and the sound of poor condensation gradually stopped.

Like another kind of sadness and hatred secretly breeds; At this time, it is more touching than the sound.

Suddenly, it seems that the silver bottle broke into the water and splashed; Like armored cavalry fighting with swords and guns.

At the end of the song, she aimed at the center of the strings and parted them; The roar of four strings seems to tear the cloth.

People from the East Ship and the West Ship listened quietly; I saw Bai Yue reflected in the middle of the river.

She thoughtfully put the pick away and inserted it on the strings; Finishing clothes still looks solemn.

She said I was a famous singer in Beijing. My hometown is in Ling Ran, southeast of Chang 'an.

Learn to play pipa at the age of thirteen; My name was included in the first lineup of Jiao Fang Philharmonic Orchestra.

Every song makes the art masters gasp in admiration; Every time I make up Chengdu, I am envied by my fellow geisha.

Rich children in Kyoto compete to offer color; I don't know how much red yarn I collected after playing a song.

The silver grate in the hammer head is often broken when it is struck; I don't regret that the red skirt is stained with wine.

Spent year after year in laughter and farce; Autumn goes and spring comes, and good times are wasted.

My brother joined the army, and my sister died at home, which has been ruined; As time goes by, I get old and my skin color fades.

Cars and horses in front of the door reduce diners; Youth is gone, so I have to marry a businessman.

When businessmen value profits more than feelings, they tend to leave easily; He went to Fuliang to do tea business last month.

He left, leaving me alone at the mouth of the river; The autumn moon accompanied me around the cabin, and the autumn water was cold.

In the middle of the night, I often dream that I had a good time when I was young; I woke up crying in my dream, and my face was stained with tears.

Listening to the cry of pipa, I have shook my head and sighed; It makes me sad to hear her talk again.

We are all sad people who have fallen to the end of the world; Why do you ask if you have seen it before when you meet today?

Since I left the bustling capital Chang 'an last year; He was relegated to Xunyang River and often fell ill.

Xunyang this place is desolate and remote without music; You can't hear orchestral instruments all year round.

Living in a low-lying and humid place on the Ganjiang River; Yellow reeds and bitter bamboo surround the first house.

What can you hear here sooner or later? Full of sad cries of cuckoo apes.

Riverside flowers, as good as Qiu Jiang moonlit night; I can't help it I often drink wine alone.

Are there no folk songs and village flutes here? It's just hoarse and harsh.

Tonight, I listened to you play the pipa and spoke your mind, just like hearing Yue Xian's refreshing.

Please don't refuse to sit down and play another song; I want to write a new poem "Pipa" for you.

Moved by my words, she stood for a long time; Turn around and sit down, then tighten the strings and dial the urgent tone.

Sadness is no longer like the sound just now; People here are hard of hearing, hiding their faces and crying.

Which of you shed the most tears? My tears of Jiangzhou Sima soaked my blue skirt!

Pipa Star Notes [1] Move to the left: demote the official, demote. The ancient left is inferior, so it is called "moving left".

[2] Next year: the second year.

(3) clank: describe the sound made by metal, jade, etc.

[4] Kyoto tone: refers to the musical tone popular in the capital of the Tang Dynasty.

[5] Advocating women: singing girls. Advocate, ancient song and dance artist.

[6] Good talent: At that time, it was a general term for pipa or Qufu. It means "expert".

[7] Commitment: Commitment, here refers to marriage.

[8] in favor: do it.

[9] Jia (G incarnation) is a businessman.

[10] Order wine: Tell (his men) to set the wine.

[1 1] Quick: carefree.

Pity: A melancholy look.

[13] Drift: Drift and fall.

[14] official: (Beijing official) transferred.

[15] Tian Ran: indifferent and quiet.

(16) relocation: demotion or exile of officials.

[17] used for: creation.

[18] Long sentence: refers to the seven-character rhyme.

[19] Song: Write a song.

[20] Where: Always * * *.

[2 1] word: word.

[22] Fate: naming, titles.

[23] Xunyang River: According to research, Longkai River in Jiujiang City flows through Xunyang City and flows into the Yangtze River through Xunpukou (1997 artificial burial). Whispering: Describe the sound of maple reeds being blown by autumn wind.

[24] Rustle: Describe the sound of maple and reed being blown by autumn wind.

(25) Master: The poet refers to himself.

[26] Turn off the light: Turn on the light again. X: Here we go again.

[27] plucking the strings on the rotating shaft: the pipa is wound with the shaft of silk strings to adjust the tone.

[28] conceal: conceal, suppress.

[29] thinking: sadness, injury.

(30) Letter hand: handy.

[3 1] Continue: Play continuously.

[32] Close: The fingers of the left hand push inward according to the strings (in the middle of the pipa).

[33] Twisting strings: the act of kneading strings.

[34] Wipe: Pull the string to the left, also known as "bounce".

[35] Pick: the action of backhand callback.

[36] "Nishang": namely "colorful feather", originally a western region music and dance, was created by Yang Yiqu, the envoy of the Xiliang Festival during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, and then flowed into the Central Plains.

Liu Yao: The name of Daqu, also called Xerox, Qingyao and Yao Yao, is a kind of dance music.

[38] Major chord: refers to the thickest chord.

[39] Noisy: The voice is heavy and deep.

[40] Minor chord: refers to the thinnest chord.

< 41> Tangqie: Delicate promotes quietness and longs for subdivision.

[42] Guanjian: The flow of Yingying is called Guanjian. Birds sing.

[43] Sore throat: poor obstruction.

[44] Difficult under the ice: The spring water is blocked under the ice, which describes that the music turns from smooth to cold.

[45] stagnation: stagnation.

[46] Burst: sputtering.

[47] End of the song: The music is over.

[48] plucking: a plucking tool used when playing strings.

[49] Be careful when painting: this is a right-handed technique, which is often used to draw four strings in the middle of the pipa with a string plucker at the end of the piece.

[50] boat: boat.

[51] convergence: the convergence of facial expressions (deep resentment when thinking deeply).

[52] Shrimp (há) Frog Mausoleum: It was a famous amusement area in the southeast of Chang 'an, near Qujiang.

[53] Jiao Fang: The official organization in charge of conducting musical acrobatics and directing songs and dances in the Tang Dynasty.

[54] Qiu Niang: a common name for a song and dance prostitute in the Tang Dynasty.

Five Mausoleums: Outside Chang 'an, the tomb of five emperors in Han Dynasty.

[57] Tie the head: Give gifts such as brocade and silk to hotel prostitutes.

Yarn: Thin and light silk.

[59] Dià n silver comb (b √) refers to a comb-like hair ornament inlaid with flowers.

[60] Applause: Beat the time.

[61] color reason: aging appearance.

[62] Floating beam: the name of an ancient county, belonging to Raozhou in the Tang Dynasty. Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province is rich in tea.

[63] Go and come back: after leaving.

[64] Dream crying makeup tears: crying in a dream, there are tears on the face that are evenly powdered.

[65] withered: scattered vertically and horizontally.

[66] weight: again, weight and meaning.

[67] Haw: Sigh.

[68] Naughty ridicule: describes a noisy voice.

Pipa: Pipa sound, music played by Pipa.

[70] temporary: suddenly.

[7 1] But sit: Go back to the original place.

[72] Lifting the string: Screw the string tighter.

[73] Forward voice: It was very monotonous just now.

[74] Hide your face and cry.

[75] Blue shirt: the dress color of civil servants with eight or nine styles in Tang Dynasty. At that time, Bai Juyi was an assistant minister, so he took the blue shirt.

The poetic vision (theme) of appreciating this poem is "We are both unhappy-at the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ."

By writing about the misfortunes of Pipa girl's life, combined with the poet's own blow on her official career, she sang the voice of "We are both unhappy-we meet each other forever". We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ”。 Social unrest, the indifference of the world, sympathy for the fate of the unfortunate, and feelings of frustration are all poured into the poem. Its artistic success also lies in the use of beautiful and distinctive language with musical sense, and the use of visual images to express the feelings gained by hearing; The natural scenery and parting of the bleak autumn wind make the work more touching.

In this poem, the poet made great efforts to shape the image of the pipa girl, profoundly reflecting the tragic fate of musicians and artists who were insulted and damaged in feudal society, and expressing the feeling that "neither of us is happy-we will grow old forever". At the beginning of the poem, I wrote "seeing guests off in autumn night", "suddenly smelling" and "playing the pipa", so I asked for a voice "secretly asking" and "moving the boat" and invited to meet each other. After a long time, the singer came out with his mask half open. This kind of echo and tortuous description laid the foundation stone for the theme of "doomsday reduction"

Then through the description of the music played by the pipa girl, the inner world of the pipa girl is revealed. First of all, there is love in the unfinished music, and then there are strings, sounds and readings, which show the ups and downs of the pipa girl.

Then, she went on to write about the life of the pipa girl: her skills taught her to be "talented and obedient", her appearance was "the beauty envied by all major dancers", and the teenagers in Kyoto were "bound heads" and "a song has countless red silks". However, the description of time, such as resentment, longing and crying, and her "singing every night, beauty withers", finally had to "marry a businessman's wife" These songs complement each other and complete the shaping of the image of pipa girl.

Finally, the poet's emotional wave was inspired by the fate of the pipa girl, and he sighed: "We are all unhappy-we meet forever. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " Expressed the feelings of being in the same boat and helping each other in the same boat. Poetry is lively, step by step, dotted everywhere.

They are all endless themes. Like a surging river, it is undulating and enduring. Repeatedly chanting, swinging people's minds, infinite feelings. The language is forceful and vivid. Like a shower, like a whisper, like a splash, like the sound of a sword, like a pearl falling on a jade plate, like the bottom of a flower. These sound like it, as if they were in the air.

The preface of the poem explains the time, place, characters and stories, summarizes the sad life experience of the pipa girl, explains the motivation of writing this poem, and sets a sad emotional tone for the whole poem.

The whole poem Pipa Xing is divided into four paragraphs, ranging from "seeing off guests at night in Xunyang River" to "hiding half a face after playing the piano". The first paragraph is about the appearance of a pipa girl. Among them, the first six sentences tell the time, which is a night of maple leaf red, yellow flower yellow and autumn wind rustling; Tell the location, it is Xunyang Jiangtou. Xunyang is today's Jiujiang city; Xunyang Jiangtou is also called Songpukou in the preface above. Explained the background, it was the poet who sent his friend goodbye. Parting itself is unpleasant, and there are no more singers and waitresses before the banquet, which is of course more lonely. The syntax of the sentence "I, the master, have dismounted, and my guest has boarded his boat" is a bit strange. In fact, it means that the master and the guest rode to the river together and dismounted to the boat together. Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. We were leaving each other when the river mysteriously widened towards the full moon. The scenery and atmosphere here are well described, giving people a feeling of emptiness, loneliness and dismay, which blends with the depression and sadness of the host and guests to form a strong sense of oppression, preparing for the sudden turn of events below. Among them, the last eight sentences are written in the front: "We suddenly heard a voice, a guitar crossed the water, the owner forgot to go home, and the guest had to go his way." The sound floated from the water, from the ship. This voice immediately caught the attention of the host and guests. They don't want to leave or go back. They must explore the truth of this wonderful sound. "Where do we follow the melody and ask the player's name? The voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered. We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again. However, before she came to us, we shouted a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times. She still hid half of her face behind the guitar and didn't let us see it. " The description here is very detailed. Because it is night, and because they only hear one kind of sound, they don't know where the sound comes from or who the performer is, so the word "seeking the sound and asking the secret" here is very vivid. Then "pipa stops" means that the player heard the call of the holder; "I want to talk late" is consistent with the following "However, before she started coming to us, we made a thousand phone calls and urged her for a thousand times, and still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us", which shows that the performer is depressed and ashamed of the degradation of her life experience, and she is no longer willing to show her face. The description of this pipa girl's appearance is vivid and touching. She didn't see the pipa before she heard it, and her inner pain was slightly revealed before she heard it, which caused many suspense for the development of the next story.

Twenty-two sentences are from "... she turned the string shaft and tried to play a few strings. The second paragraph is" We saw the white autumn moon enter the middle of the river ",which describes the superb acting skills of the pipa girl. Among them, "... she turned the tuning shaft and tested several strings" is to write a tuning audition before the official performance; Then "the strings are suppressed" and the sadness of the tune is written; "She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music", written in slow andante. Gathering, twisting, rubbing and picking are all ways to play the pipa. Nishang: namely "colorful feather" is a dance name in the court of Tang Dynasty. Liuyao: a popular dance name at that time. Fourteen sentences, from "the big strings are ringing like rain" to "the four strings are ringing like silk reeling", describe the musical image of pipa music, from fast to slow, to fine, to quiet, to sudden storms, and then to the final blow, which comes to an abrupt end. The poet used a series of vivid metaphors here, which made the more abstract musical image suddenly become a visual image. There are big beads and small beads falling from the jade plate, Guan Ying's words flowing in the flowers, thin lines under the water ice, and the "silence is better than sound" is gone, and the sudden fracture of the silver bottle and the iron horse makes the listener feel sad, relieved, relaxed and afraid. "Dong Fang is silent, and we see the white autumn moon entering the heart of the river." These two sentences are about the performance effect of the pipa girl. Everyone was fascinated, the performance was over, and the listeners were still immersed in the realm of music. There was silence all around, except for a bright moon reflected in the water.

The third paragraph consists of twenty-four sentences, from "putting the string thoughtfully on the string" to "being awakened from my dream by her hot tears", which is about the life story of the pipa girl. She was once a smash hit in her early years, and then she got older and declined. Hesitation: Hesitation and embarrassment. Convergence: refers to putting away the emotions when playing ball and solemnly respecting others again. Waling: Xiamaling, the tomb of Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty, is located in the southeast of Chang 'an, near Qujiang. Judging from the following ten sentences, "I mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen", this woman was once a smash hit. She is young and highly skilled. She is admired by the older generation of artists and admired by her peers. The prince and grandson are obsessed with her color art: they will spend a lot of money to invite her to play; She indulged in luxury herself and never knew what meanness meant. In this way, year after year, the good times flow away like running water. Jiao Fang: The official position in charge of the court band in Tang Dynasty. The first part: I like the first group and the first team. Qiu Niang: refers to the beautiful and skilled geisha at that time. Five Mausoleums: The tombs of the five emperors of the Han Dynasty, Changling, Anling, Yangling, Maoling and Ping Ling, were the places where the rich lived at that time. Juvenile Wuling: usually refers to the children of nobles. Head-binding: refers to the gift given to songs and dances in ancient times, which was used in the Tang Dynasty and other property was left to future generations. Red silk: a kind of raw silk fabric. Soup head: a comb with flowers at both ends. Cloud grate: refers to jewelry decorated with jade jewelry. Clap your hands: beat the time. When singing and dancing, clappers were originally made of wood or bamboo, but now it is popular to clap festivals with precious cloud grates, saying luxury and getting carried away. Idle: whatever, do not pay attention. From the following ten sentences "until first her brother went to war, then her aunt died", this woman changed and degenerated. With the decline of her age, aristocratic children stopped coming to the door, and her few relatives left one after another. She is like a pair of outdated shoes, no one will look at her anymore, so she has to marry a businessman. This businessman only cares about making money and never understands art and emotion. He often goes out alone, leaving the poor woman at home. People have memories. In the face of today's loneliness and neglect, recalling the past makes it mine. In contrast, how can it not make people feel sad? Sometimes in the dead of night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears. In fact, even if I don't dream, I don't know how many times I have to think about it a day. Fuliang: County name, which governs the north of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi. Red and dry: the face is covered with tears and powder.

From "her first guitar note made me sigh" to "this Jiujiang official" at last. My blue sleeves are wet ",sentence 26 is the fourth paragraph, in which the poet expresses his life experience and sympathy for the pipa girl. Haw: Sigh. "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? "The strong feelings of the second language, the tears of the lost through the ages, also triggered an opportunity of love at first sight for the lost through the ages. From "I came, a year ago, away from the capital", the following twelve sentences describe the poet's loneliness since he was relegated to Jiujiang. He said: "Jiujiang is so far away that I can't hear music, strings or bamboo for a whole year." My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes. What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing. I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight shining. Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh and harsh in my ears. " Desolate terrain, harsh environment, sad eyes, nothing to be happy about. In fact, this is largely the result of the poet's own anguish and empathy. Let's compare a passage sung river praised Jiangzhou in Water Margin. He said, "Although I have committed crimes here, I still look at the real mountains and water." Although there are several famous mountains and historical sites there, there is no such scenery. "The poet's sadness and frustration are entirely caused by his political blow, but he can't say that. He just vaguely said that he was also a "fallen man", and he was "sick in seclusion" here, and all other heartbroken pains were pressed to the bottom of his heart. That's why what he saw and heard made people sad. Then, as an equal and sincere friend and a friend in need, he sincerely praised and thanked the pipa girl for her wonderful performance and asked her to play another song. He wanted to write a long poem "Pipa Trip" for her. Pipa girl doesn't want to associate with others anymore. Later, when she saw that the poet was so sincere and emotional, she set the tone and played a more tragic tune. This piece of music made all the listeners cry. What about sentimental poets? Look at his blue chest. It's soaked through. String pulling: to tighten the strings to improve the tone. Blue: Casual clothes with eight or nine grades. Sima was born with nine grades, so he wears blue.

This poem is very artistic. First, he combined the singer and the singer's thoughts and feelings, saying that you are talking about me and I am talking about you. Fates are the same and closely related. After the lute girls narrated their life experiences, the poet thought that they were "neither of us is happy-forever old"; After the poet told her life story, the pipa girl was "... moved by what I said, and she stood there for a while". After the pipa girl played another song, the poet was even more "this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet. " Intimate friends are touching everywhere, and there is love everywhere. Secondly, the technique of writing scenery and music in the poem is superb, closely combined with writing life experiences and expressing sadness, and the atmosphere is consistent, so that the work is immersed in a sad and sad atmosphere from beginning to end. Thirdly, the language of the work is vivid, strong in generalization and simple and flexible, so the whole poem is well-known and easy to recite. For example, "However, before she came to us, we called for it a thousand times and urged it a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us"; "Don't feel dark and hate life, and speak more in silence than in voice"; There were fewer and fewer chariots and horses in front of the door, and finally she married herself to a businessman. Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears; "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " , and so on are beautiful and moving sentences!

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