Emerald, called Emerald in English, is known as the king of emeralds, and is also known as the five most precious gems in the world with diamonds, rubies, sapphires and golden emeralds.

The main producing areas of emeralds are Colombia, Zambia, Russia, Brazil, India, South Africa and Zimbabwe. At present, the most common emeralds in the international market come from three producing areas: Colombia, Brazil and Zambia. Emerald produced in Colombia is famous for its good color, good texture and large output, and it is the largest producer of high-quality emeralds in the world. Zambia is a new high-purity producing area.

The production of emeralds in the world is extremely rare. It has been estimated that only one beryl mineral in every 6,543,800+million is emerald, and emerald is one millionth of a green gem. Emeralds with excellent color and purity are rare, so emeralds have always been the exclusive pets of the royal family. Since16th century, many beautiful emeralds have been embedded in the crowns, scepters, thrones and various jewels of European royal families. It can be said that emerald is also a gem with a long history!

The biggest buying trap is to synthesize emeralds and split emeralds: the technology of synthesizing emeralds is very mature, and its prices will naturally vary greatly. Nowadays, there are often split jadeites in tourist destinations, so you must have a professional appraisal certificate to buy jadeite.

Fuel injection is also one of the most important factors to measure the quality grade of emeralds. It should also be noted that even in the world, there are strict regulations on emeralds, which must be colorless oil and will not affect the overall structure of gems, otherwise it cannot be called natural emeralds. For example, at the end of last century, Colombians invented a material called Permasafe, which can beautify emeralds. But after this process, gems are classified as gems, even if they are very beautiful, their value will not be too high. So when you buy emeralds, you must test their gem certificates to confirm their value.

Attached to the authoritative gem testing institutions: SSEF (Swiss Gemological Institute), GIA (American Gemological Institute), GUBELIN (Gubailin Gemological Institute), GRS (Swiss Gemological Research and Appraisal Institute) and AGL (American Gemological Institute).

Let's talk about diamonds.

Diamonds themselves have no distinction between brands and places of origin, and the quality and price of diamonds are determined by the 4C classification of diamonds. In any case, wherever you go, you will be guided by the diamond 4C. )

Many people ask if it is a South African diamond. At present, Russia is the place that produces the most diamonds, and India is the earliest place that breeds diamonds. Diamond is cut after mining, and the diamond cutting centers are mainly in India, Belgium, Israel and the United States. Most diamonds in the world are cut and ground in these places and sent to all parts of the world, and the original diamonds have no origin characteristics. How to distinguish South African diamonds at this time? Therefore, jewelry stores say that the diamonds in their hands are South African diamonds, which is generally a marketing term for amateur training and shopping guides. Many customers even go to South Africa to buy diamonds with poor grades.

Diamonds are generally the most authoritative and universal with the GIA certificate of the United States, and they are the most convincing whether they are collected or used for business.

I often have friends who buy rubies from Myanmar and Thailand, sapphires from Sri Lanka and diamonds from South Africa. I want to say that basically 100% is a fault, and 100% is in the routine. Aren't those places the origin of rubies, sapphires and diamonds? Why are there so many problems? To answer you in a word: people say that you are a tourist and sell fake things to you. You are an expert and sell good things to you. It's that simple. For example, directly opposite the famous Israel Diamond Exchange in Tel Aviv, Israel, there is a tall Tel Aviv Diamond Exchange Center, which specializes in cutting leeks for China tourists. Li Kui jy and Gui Li are nearby. Can you tell? Their 2-carat bright pink diamond costs only $38,000. Do you want it? Do you want to know how much a normal 2 carat colored powder costs? In the same way, do you think you can buy good things when you get to the origin of gems? In fact, those places are more risky to buy, because it is easier to mix with completely ignorant consumers from all corners of the country.

Precious gemstone varieties like this have a long history, can be bought well and preserved, and their appraisal standards are also very complicated and professional, so we must be very careful when starting! If you don't have a certain knowledge reserve and identification ability, please be sure to find a professional jeweler and jewelry counter to buy it. Don't think that it is reliable in the jewelry producing area, especially on the trip, because it is very likely that the cheap you think is actually the IQ tax you pay.

The way to avoid into the pit is not to buy it.

If you don't know anything about this yourself and buy a lot of things, it is absolutely not recommended to buy them abroad. Going back to China to find a jewelry studio to buy, it is much more reliable and the price is affordable. In the jewelry industry, it is easy for foreigners to defend their rights when things go wrong. Too many people around me have been fooled by buying jewelry abroad.

Buy jade must look at these points:

How to evaluate emeralds from a professional perspective and popularize emeralds' professional knowledge is the responsibility and obligation of a gem appraisal institution. Next, we will start with the important factors that affect the value of emeralds, such as optimization, color, origin and purity, and talk about how to evaluate emeralds!

1

Optimization treatment

Due to the growth conditions and gemological characteristics of emeralds, they are often characterized by many cracks and rich inclusions. Therefore, emeralds usually need to optimize their purity. The main types of optimization treatment are filling method, splicing and film covering treatment. The most common and accepted treatment is colorless filling, which improves the purity of emerald.

80.45 carat emerald diamond brooch

Made in Colombia, lightly oiled.

The transaction price is 3 166000 Swiss francs.

202 1 May 1 1, Sotheby's | Geneva

Optimizing the purity of emerald can not only improve the quality of its crystal, but also reduce the risk of breakage in the wearing process to varying degrees, so it is very necessary to optimize the purity of emerald.

The best treatment degree of emerald affects its market value. For the colorless filled emeralds, GUILD Gem Laboratory classifies the filling degree of emeralds into the following grades:

-There's no sign of increased clarity.

There is no indication of the best treatment for cleaning.

-There is no sign of increased transparency (substance with cutting process)

It is an oil-free emerald. Cutting and polishing residues are found in a very small number of cracks (which may penetrate during polishing).

-Show inconspicuous sharpness enhancement

Very slight signs of cleanliness optimization treatment

-Signs of slight sharpness enhancement

Indications of light clarity optimization therapy

-shows mild to moderate sharpness enhancement

Signs of optimal treatment with mild to moderate cleanliness

-shows moderate sharpness enhancement.

Moderate signs of optimal handling of cleanliness.

-Signs of a significant increase in transparency

Remarkable sign of cleanliness optimization treatment

The heavier the filling degree, the more the filler content.

For the emerald with colorless filling treatment, the guild report named it "natural emerald" in its conclusion, and marked the filling degree in the remarks column as six grades: none, extremely insignificant, slightly slight, slightly to moderately slight to moderate, moderately modern and severely significant.

2

colour

Due to the different types and contents of chromogenic ions, the colors of emeralds formed in different geological environments are slightly different, but there is no necessary connection between the origin and the color. High-quality emeralds are not only unique to Colombia, but also top emeralds are produced in Brazil, Afghanistan, Zambia and other places.

According to Munsell's color theory, the emerald color grading system supported by emerald colorimetric stone in Guild Gem Laboratory divides the color grades into five grades:

-Light

-medium.

-Nervous.

-Vivid

-Deep

Among them, Vivid represents a color with high saturation and brightness.

Emerald

Emerald is a color with high lightness and saturation in bright green, and it is the top color in emerald color rating. Emeralds that reach turquoise must meet the following requirements:

The color originated naturally, reaching a bright green level with high lightness and saturation;

The place of origin is not considered as a factor to evaluate the greenness, and emeralds of any place of origin can only reach the standard in hue, lightness and saturation.

The optimal levels of transparency are none, extremely slight, slight and slight to medium.

The difference between Wharton green and wood green;

Walton green: the top emerald color, regardless of the place of origin.

Muzuo Green: The top emerald color, only available in Colombia.

* Note: Emeralds with top colors are produced in major mining areas in the world, such as Brazil, Zambia and Afghanistan.

In the test report issued by the Gem Laboratory of the Guild, the column of color grade is marked with color grades, which are divided into five grades: light, medium, thick, bright and dark.

When the color of emerald reaches the emerald level, the color in the emerald report is classified as bright green *, and the product name: emerald (company name: Wharton Green) is marked at the bottom of the photo. Wharton Green has further explanation in the attached page of the report.

three

yieldly

The origin and quality of emeralds cannot be equated. With the continuous mining and exploration of new mining areas, high-quality emeralds have emerged in various producing areas, which is not unique to Colombia. Brazil, Afghanistan, Zambia, Ethiopia, Pakistan and India all produce many high-quality emeralds.

When determining the origin of emerald bare stone, the characteristic inclusions under microscope are of identification significance. For decades, the guild has been committed to establishing and perfecting the gem database, visiting emerald mining areas many times and collecting a large number of rough stones to ensure the accuracy and reliability of gem identification and origin determination. Laboratory gemologists can judge the origin of emeralds according to the crystal and inclusion characteristics of emeralds from different places.

At present, the emeralds produced by GUILD include Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Ethiopia and India.

Small production areas that can be judged: Chivor) (Chivor, Gachala) (Gogara, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Swat.

four

Vibrant brilliance

When it comes to the purity of emeralds, we must say that the rating of gems is full of vitality-brilliance. The guild will evaluate the brightness of colored gems with good cut, purity and crystal quality.

What exactly does vibrant brilliance mean?

The factors affecting the quality of colored gems include color, producing area and optimized treatment. In addition to the above points, transparency, clarity, cutting and the quality of the crystal itself are equally important.

For colored gems's color grade, the best treatment method judgment and the origin judgment, the trade association has established a relatively perfect appraisal and grading system. In order to evaluate the quality of gemstones more comprehensively and provide consumers with more accurate quality judgment basis, GUILD Laboratory launched Vibrant-Brilliance quality rating.

Vibrant luster means that a gem has proper cutting, high transparency and clarity. Proper cutting, high clarity and transparency can ensure that the light entering the gem is captured by human eyes as much as possible, thus showing vivid and smart colors.

Vibrant-Brilliance is an independent rating item in colored gems, which has nothing to do with other evaluation items (gem type, color, trade name, optimization treatment, etc.). ). As long as the gem reaches Vibrant-Brilliance, the Guild Gemological Laboratory will give it Vibrant-Brilliance evaluation.

In the report, emeralds with vitality-brilliance will be marked with: Special Comment: vitality-brilliance at the bottom of the gem photo, and there is also a report attachment page that introduces vitality-brilliance in detail.

five

conclusion

The domestic jade market changes with each passing day. In the process of purchasing an emerald, the quality of an emerald cannot be judged by a single factor. Value evaluation needs to comprehensively consider multiple factors such as jade color, optimization, origin, cutting, purity and crystal quality.

As a general buyer, it is difficult to guarantee the most accurate judgment. In addition, the quality of natural emeralds is uneven, and synthetic imitations emerge one after another. Therefore, when purchasing, please be sure to choose or ask the merchant to issue an authoritative appraisal certificate, which is the only scientific proof to ensure the quality of jadeite.