Xi is a famous historical and cultural city, and there are many famous tourist attractions in the urban area and surrounding suburban counties. The distance between scenic spots and scenic spots is very close, and the expenditure on transportation can be relatively reduced.
Specific tour route arrangement:
D 1 Trip: Guangzhou -Xi 'an
1, K82 Guangzhou -Xi 'an Guangzhou Station Departure Time: 17: 00 Arrival Time: 19: 38 The next day.
2.K226 Guangzhou-Lanzhou Guangzhou Station departs from 18: 5 1 and arrives in Xi 'an at 22: 53 the next day.
In addition, you can choose to transfer in Zhengzhou. So we can arrive in Xi in the morning. However, the two trains from Guangzhou to Xi 'an arrived in Xi 'an at a bad time, both at night. After arriving in Xi 'an, you can choose to stay in Xi 'an Railway Station State Railway Guest House. Or stay at Jiefang Hotel on Jiefang Road opposite the square. In fact, there are many hotels and choices in Xi Railway Station. Just pay attention to safety and hygiene. The price is generally between 80- 120 yuan, a standard room.
D2 itinerary: Xi 'an-Lintong Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and Terracotta Warriors Pit
There are 306 buses on the west side of the railway station square, which can go directly to the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit in Lintong. You have to ask to take the high-speed 5 yuan and the low-speed 4 yuan to reach the Terracotta Warriors. I suggest you choose the expressway, which has good road conditions and the arrival time is about 40 minutes. Terracotta Warriors and Horses Tickets 100 Yuan. I went in June 5438+February 2003. At that time, all tickets were given to 60 yuan and students to 35 yuan.
Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors Pit: Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is located at the foot of Mount Li, more than 30 kilometers away. According to historical records, Ying Zheng began to build cemeteries when he ascended the throne at the age of Qin Dynasty 13. Planning and design were presided over by Prime Minister Reese, and General Zhang Han supervised the construction for 38 years. The project is huge in scale and magnificent in momentum, creating a precedent for the luxurious burial of feudal rulers in past dynasties. At that time, the total population of the Qin Dynasty was about 20 million, and the labor for building tombs reached 720,000. The spiritual household soil is taken from Sanliu village, 2000 meters south of the cemetery, to the county quarry, with multi-level loess cliffs, 5-25 meters high. A large number of stones used in the construction of the cemetery were taken from Zhongshan and Jun 'e Mountain, north of Weihe River, and all of them were transported to Linchong by manpower, so the project was very difficult.
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is 43 meters high, with a base circumference of 1.700 meters. It is made of double rammed earth walls inside and outside, symbolizing the imperial city and Miyagi in the capital. The inner city is slightly square with a circumference of 3890 meters. There are two doors in the north, and one door is opened on all three sides. The outer city is rectangular, with a circumference of 6294 meters and a door on each side. Jia Ling lies to the south of the cemetery.
The pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is located at l 500 meters east of the cemetery. This used to be a cemetery, and local farmers found something similar to people when they dug graves. 1in March, 974, when the villagers in Xiyang village in Lingdong were fighting drought, a large toilet pit of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum was found between Lisanxiahe village and Wula village on the east side of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum. After excavation by archaeologists, the treasure of Qin figurines buried more than 2000 years ago was discovered.
The toilet burial pits of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang sit west to east, and the three pits are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The first pit of Terracotta Warriors was rectangular, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m from north to south and a depth of 5m, with a total area of14260m2. There are sloping doorways on all sides, and there are two terracotta warriors and horses pits on the left and right, which are now called pits No.2 and No.3. ..
The Terracotta Warriors Pit is the largest underground military museum in the world. The layout of the copper pit is reasonable and the structure is peculiar. At the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, an east-west bearing wall is set every 3 meters, and the terracotta warriors and horses are arranged in the holes between the walls.
More than 500 samurai spears, 6 chariots and 24 horsemen, as well as bronze weapons and ironware used in actual combat, such as bronze swords, Wu Gou, spears, arrows, crossbows and bronze halberds, were unearthed in pit 1. At the eastern end of the cave, there are 2 10 terracotta warriors and horses with different facial expressions, clothing styles and hairstyles, which are lifelike. They are arranged in three rows, with 70 people in each row. Except for three leaders wearing pin armour, the rest are all dressed in short brown, with their legs tied, without helmets, holding bows and arrows and crossbows. Later, it was the main force composed of 6,000 armored figurines, each armed with spears, daggers, halberds and other long weapons of about 3 meters, separated from 35 chariots by 38 columns 1 1 east-west tunnels. There are a row of warrior figures on the north and south sides and at both ends, which look like guards to prevent the side tail from being attacked. This team is uniform, well-equipped, powerful and magnificent, which is the artistic representation of the mighty army of Qin Shihuang in previous dynasties and has a strong artistic appeal.
Pit No.2 is located in the northeast of Pit No.1 and the east of Pit No.3. It is square, 96 meters long from east to west and 84 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of about 6,000 square meters. The buildings in the pit are the same as those in the No.1 pit, but the arrangement is more complicated and the arms are more complete. It is the most spectacular military array in the three pits. Pit 2 has an exhibition hall of 1.7 million square meters, which is the largest and most well-preserved exhibition hall of modern sites in China. Yuan, director of the Qin Terracotta Warriors Museum, explained: "First of all, in order to better protect cultural relics, and secondly, it takes at least five to seven years to clear the entire army array from the ground. The advantage of this is that tourists can not only visit the local features of the second pit, but also see the excavation work of the second pit with their own eyes. "
According to preliminary calculation, there are more than 300 pottery figurines 1300, more than 80 chariots and tens of thousands of bronze weapons in pit 2, among which general figurines, pommel horse figurines and bow-shooting figurines are found for the first time. There are four inclined doors at the east and west ends of the second pit, and two inclined doors at the north. The statue pit is located in the west and the main entrance is in the east. The layout in the pit is divided into four units.
The first unit is located at the eastern end of the figurine pit, with 60 vertical crossbow figurines in the surrounding corridor, and the array center is composed of 160 crossbow figurines east of Badao Road. The crossbowman adopts the arrangement of stretching array in the array, and takes turns shooting when standing and kneeling to avoid the danger of slow tension.
The second unit, located on the right side of the pit, consists of 64 chariots (chariots are made of wood, leaving only relics). 8 times per column, * * * 8 columns. There are four horse-sized terracotta warriors and horses in front of the car. Behind each car, there are three soldiers and figures. In the middle is the charioteer Lamar, and the other two are standing on the left and right sides of the car, armed with long-handled weapons.
The third unit, located in the middle, consists of 19 chariot, 264 infantry figurines and 8 knight figurines, and is divided into three columns. In front of each horse stood a small statue of a knight, holding the reins in one hand and the bow in the other. In addition to the three riders, there are 8~36 infantry figurines after each ride.
The fourth unit, located on the left side of the army array, consists of 108 knight figures and 180 pottery pommel horse figures arranged in 1 1 row to form a rectangular cavalry array. Among them, 1 and 3 are listed as 6 chariots. In front of each horse, there stands a knight figurine in Hufu, holding the horse in his right hand and holding a bow in his left hand.
The No.3 pit is located at the western end of No.1 pit 25 meters, with an area of about 520 square meters and a concave shape. There is a chariot in front of the door, in which there are 68 warriors. Judging from the layout of the No.3 pit, it seems to be the general headquarters, commanding the left, right and middle armies, but it was not built.
There are no terracotta figures in the fourth pit, only backfill soil.
Judging from the layout and formation of the two pits, the formation of the two pits is complex and the arms are complete, which is the backbone of the confrontation. In Sun Tzu's art of war, this grouping method is called "large array with small array, large camp with small camp, even falling with hooks, bending around". "Sun Bin's Art of War" said: "People who ride a war can be divided into three parts, one on the right, one on the left, one who is easy to ride many cars, one who rides many risks and one who is wide." Only the organic combination of the three can win every battle. The second pit is the theoretical map of this ancient strategist.
Judging from the carved years of weapons unearthed from the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit was built before and after Qin Shihuang unified China. Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries and unified the world with his skills of "breaking clouds with a sword" and "rough driving ahead of others" Terracotta warriors and horses reflect the momentum of the Qin dynasty and make Mazhuang stronger. After the death of Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi Hu Hai succeeded to the throne and continued to overhaul Epang Palace and Chidao. The tax corvee was heavier than before, which led to the peasant uprising. In this form, the third pit was cut off in the middle, and the fourth pit was hastily filled before the Terracotta Warriors were put in. Traces of fire were found in the excavation, which may be related to the burning of Epang Palace by the King of Chu.
196 1 year, the people of China * * * returned to the State Council to designate the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor as a national key cultural relics protection unit. From 65438 to 0987, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Terracotta Warriors Pit were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List. In the arched exhibition hall built on the site of the No.1 pit of Terracotta Warriors, the "Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang" was set up, which is open to Chinese and foreign tourists.
cultural heritage
One of the largest mausoleums in the world, Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, is one of the largest, strangest and richest royal mausoleums in the world. In fact, it is a luxurious underground palace.
The Eighth Wonder of the World After visiting the Museum of the Terracotta Warriors, foreign heads of state and scholars believe that the discovery of the pit of the Terracotta Warriors is not only a major discovery in China, but also a major discovery in the history of world archaeology, which can be said to be the eighth wonder of the world. It can be compared with Egyptian pyramids and ancient Greek sculptures, and it is recognized as a valuable wealth of human culture in the world.
Archaeological discovery that shocked China and foreign countries 1974, China archaeologists unearthed more than 7,000 pieces of pottery figurines that have been sleeping for thousands of years, which is considered as an ancient miracle and the most spectacular archaeological discovery in this century. Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are rare in the world in terms of quantity, quality and archaeological discoveries. They provide extremely valuable information for the in-depth study of the military, politics, economy, culture, science and art of the Qin Dynasty in the second century BC. It is not only the artistic treasure of China people, but also the cultural heritage of people all over the world.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, the treasure house of ancient clay sculpture art, are shaped with real life as the theme, with exquisite and vivid artistic techniques, different gestures and facial expressions, distinctive personality and strong characteristics of the times, which show the peak of clay sculpture art, add luster to the splendid ancient culture of the Chinese nation and add a glorious page to the history of world art.
D3 itinerary: Wild Goose Pagoda, Cold Kiln and Forest of Steles Museum.
Take bus No.5 directly at Jiefang Road in the south of the railway station square, and you can go directly to the North Guangchang Station of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. Ticket price 1 yuan coin. After visiting the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, you can take a bus at the North Square of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and go to Qujiang Cold Kiln.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is located in Ji 'an City, south of Xi, Shaanxi Province, China. Ji 'en Temple was built by Prince Li Zhi in the 22nd year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 648) to commemorate his dead mother, Empress Wende, and to repay the kindness of upbringing, hence the name "Ji 'en Temple". At that time, * * * had 13 courtyards and 1987 houses, and invited Xuanzang, a monk who went to India to study Buddhist scriptures and returned to China, to preside over the temple affairs. Famous painters Yan, Wu Daozi and others have painted murals here on a large scale. In the third year of Tang Yonghui (652), Xuanzang built a tower in the west courtyard of the temple, named Ci 'en Temple Tower, to store the scriptures brought back from India. The present name of the pagoda is recorded in the Biography of Sanzang Master Ji Angji: There was a monk temple in Tuozhou, Mojie, and one day a wild goose broke away from the group and fell to the ground. Monks believe that this wild goose is the incarnation of Bodhisattva and decided to build a tower for the wild goose, so it is also called the Wild Goose Pagoda, also known as the Wild Goose Pagoda.
When the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was first built, it was a five-story square tower with brick surface and core. Later, it was changed to a seven-story square pavilion, and it was changed to a ten-story pavilion in the Tang Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the Tangta added brick faces. At present, the tower is 64 meters high, and each floor is made of imitation wood structure. There are exquisite line-carved Buddha statues on the bottom lintel, and the west lintel is the Buddha statue of Amitabha, engraved with a magnificent hall. There are two stone tablets embedded in the brick niche of the south gate at the bottom of the tower: Preface to Tang Sanzang and Preface to Tang Sanzang, both written by Chu Suiliang, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. The Wild Goose Pagoda is a famous tourist attraction in the Tang Dynasty, so there are a large number of inscriptions by literati, including more than 200 inscriptions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties alone. Today, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is still a landmark building in Xi 'an, an ancient city, and a famous scenic spot at home and abroad. The State Council was promulgated as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units 196 1.
The cold kiln is located in the east corner of Qujiang pool in the southern suburbs of Xi. It is said that this place was once the place where Wang Baochuan lived, so it is famous at home and abroad.
For hundreds of years, Wang Baochuan's story has been widely circulated not only in China, but also in the United States, Japan, Russia and Southeast Asian countries.
According to legend, at the end of the Tang Dynasty, there was a girl named Wang Baochuan in Chang 'an, who was extremely clever and talented. Her father, Wang Yun, is the prime minister of the dynasty and wants to choose a son-in-law for her. However, regardless of the hierarchical concept and secular concept at that time, she broke with her family and married Xue Pinggui, a young beggar she loved. Soon, the frontier was in an emergency, and Xue Pinggui surrendered to the "red-haired swift horse" and went to Xiliang to participate in the war. Wang Baochuan lived alone in a small cave in Wudianpo, the southern suburb of Chang 'an, and spent 18 years by digging wild vegetables, waiting for her husband's triumph and living a happy life again.
Although this story is not recorded in historical materials, Wang Baochuan remained faithful to love, did not bow to feudal forces, and endured hardships for eighteen years, which fully demonstrated the noble sentiments of hardworking, brave, honest and loyal working women in ancient China, and thus won the sympathy and love of working people, which was passed down from generation to generation. It is said that the cave where she lives is called "cold kiln" (meaning poor cold kiln). Nowadays, there are few shepherd's purse (a kind of wild vegetable) in the farmland near Qujiangchi. People say that Wang Baochuan dug it up when he was eating bran. In particular, the play "Wudianpo" has been staged for a long time since the Ming Dynasty, making the cold kiln famous. At that time, there were many temples and lush trees here, and people from all counties around Xi 'an went to worship.
When you visit the cold kiln and go to Mizoguchi, the first thing that catches people's eyes is an exquisite small corner pavilion, named "Sifu Pavilion", which is a symbol of Wang Baochuan's climbing up the mountain and looking forward to her husband's early return. After passing Sifu Pavilion and walking along the south slope, there are five halls at the foot of the cliff, which are called "Zhenlie Hall", with blue bricks and tiles, carved beams and painted buildings, which are very magnificent. In the temple, there are colorful statues of Wang Baochuan and Xue Pinggui, as well as images of Xue Pinggui surrendering to the red-maned spirited horse. Follow this line and enter a round brick door, which is the ancient courtyard of the cold kiln. There are two colorful buildings on the cliff, with upturned cornices and rustled pavilions. The following two kilns are "Bie Kiln" and "Exploration Kiln", where Wang Baochuan Bev and his mother poured wine to explore the statue of a woman. This is based on two plots in the drama Wudianpo. Going up the stairs from the "Bieyao" and passing through the Fairy Cave is the "Ruku Cave". According to legend, this is Wang Baochuan's humble abode. There is only a small heatable adobe sleeping platform in the cave. There is only a small window one foot square on the wall in front of the heatable adobe sleeping platform. The window frame is a few bent branches. It was dark in the cave, and there was only room for two people to turn around under the heatable adobe sleeping platform.
To the east of the courtyard outside the window is the "Demon Horse Cave". According to legend, the demon horse hiding hole in Xue Pinggui at this moment is 100 meters long, narrow and tortuous, dark and cold, and tourists need to grope before they can move forward. Out of another hole, into the back ditch. This is the location of Yichun Garden in Qin and Han Dynasties, with beautiful scenery and carefree beauty.
Watch Tip: Through the cold kiln, we can see the broad masses of working people's admiration and love for China ancient women's noble sentiments of diligence, courage, integrity and loyalty.
Must-see attractions: "Bie Kiln" and "Exploration Kiln" and "Milk Cave"
The forest of steles is a treasure house of culture and art with the earliest collection of ancient inscriptions and the largest number of famous inscriptions in China. It is not only one of the focal points of ancient cultural books and stone carvings in China, but also a place where famous calligraphers of all ages gather. "Forest of Steles" is named after the forest of steles stands like a forest and is spectacular. The forest of steles has a history of more than 900 years, and it has become a famous artistic treasure at home and abroad because of its unique collection.
Xi 'an Forest of Steles was developed on the basis of preserving the classic stone carvings of the Tang Dynasty. The forest of steles not only has a long history, but also preserves many steles on a large scale. What is more important is its precious historical value and artistic value of calligraphy.
D4 itinerary: Take bus No.5 at the railway station square, get off at Dacha, and transfer to bus No.302 to go to the ruins of Abang Palace. Epang Palace of Qin Shihuang
Epang Palace was built when Qin Shihuang proclaimed himself emperor. Located between Zhaojiabao and Dagu Village in the western suburb of Xi today, it is said that it can accommodate tens of thousands of people, and a 50-foot-high flagpole is erected. It's amazing to imagine the scale of the past! Epang Palace was built to show the majesty of the emperor on the one hand, and to accommodate more people to worship on the other. According to historical records, when Qin Shihuang conquered a country in the great cause of reunifying China, he rebuilt it in Beiban, Xianyang, the capital of China, and called it the "Six Kingdoms Palace". Qin Shihuang once moved 6.5438+0.2 million lords and wealthy businessman dajia from all over the country to Xianyang. In the past, there were many palaces in Xianyang, and the population increased dramatically. However, Xianyang faces the Weihe River in the south and the plateau in the north, and its future is uncertain, so Qin Shihuang expanded to the vast plain south of the Weihe River. In 2 12 BC, 700,000 prisoners were recruited and the front hall of Epang Palace was built near Fenghao in the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Afang" means "near", which is near Xianyang. Who knows, Qin Shihuang died before the vestibule was completed. After his death, Qin Ershi continued to build. According to legend, Epang Palace has more than 700 halls, large and small, and the climate of each hall is different in one day. Before his death, Qin Shihuang hid jewels and beautiful women plundered from six countries in his palace. He visits the palace and lives in one place every day. When he died, he had not lived in all the palaces. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu burned Abang Palace. It is said that the fire lasted for three months and stood the baptism of two thousand years of wind and rain. Today, only one rammed earth site remains in Abang Palace, which is 2,500m long from east to west,1000m long from north to south and 20m high, covering an area of 260,000m2. Locals call it "the first emperor platform".
In addition, if time permits, I recommend you to visit Yan 'an. Let's take a look at Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De, the famous red tourist cities, such as Zaoyuan and Baota shan. In addition, huangling county's Huangdi Mausoleum, the ancestor of China, has a monument inscribed by Tung Chee-hwa, the first chief executive of Hong Kong, and a monument inscribed by He Houhua. They are all scenic spots worth seeing. In addition, there is a tomb of Yang Guifei in Xingping, Shaanxi, 25 kilometers away from Xi. It is said that it will be more beautiful for girls to wipe with the soil on the tomb.