Zheng Sixiao (1241-1318) was born in Lianjiang, Fujian. As a painter of long poems, the story that he painted orchids instead of roots has been widely circulated. His poem "Cold Chrysanthemum", "It's better to hold incense in the branches and die than to be blown down by the north wind", shows strong and unyielding pride. According to legend, the "History of Mind" was found in the ancient well of Chengtian Temple in Suzhou at the end of Ming Dynasty, and Gu wrote the "Song of Mind History" for this purpose.
Japanese scholar Dong Lang Suzuki's Study on Zhina Literature (Hong Wen Pavilion, 1920 edition) points out that every dynasty changes, literati always have to face a painful choice, either "never eat millet" or "the old woman remarries". This situation is reflected in literature, which forms China's unique national subjugation literature. Different from Suzuki Donglang, we used to call it "patriotic literature" or "patriotic literature", which was very prominent in the transition of the early Yuan Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty. Of course, these adherents not only directly express their feelings for the motherland, but also often rely on the images of ancient great men and nature, and the lyrical carrier they choose is an orchid sung by Qu Yuan in Lan and Qu Yuan. He appreciates Qu Yuan's patriotic movement very much. There is a poem that says "Ye Fei is cool in autumn and leans against the railing." And "Wandering and Singing haggard" is based on Qu Yuan's classics. Sima Qian's Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng records that Qu Yuan was demoted to exile: "He (was) placed on the bank of the river, looking haggard and haggard." Zheng Sixiao expressed the pain of national subjugation by "wandering and haggard". Coincidentally, Zheng is also a famous painter. He is good at drawing orchids, so he uses "orchid" and "song" to express his concern. He once painted Lan Yun by himself: "The fragrance of a country, the sorrow of a country, the love of a king and the glory of a Chu." Yes, it is noble, chaste and beautiful, and it integrates orchids, Qu Zi and Sonam. According to the record of adherents, he is "a refined orchid. Since he changed his mind, there is no basis for painting without painting soil. Or ask him why, and the cloud says,' Is the land of knowledge taken from you?' "Geng Zuo here refers to the change of dynasties, the country changed hands, and the Song Dynasty entered the Yuan Dynasty. After the death of the Song Dynasty, he painted orchids, and he painted rootless orchids, dew-rooted orchids and sky orchids, pinning his thoughts on national subjugation.
According to the Yuan Dynasty Tao's Record of Dropping out of Farming in the South Village, "Painting Chinese cymbidium is different from others. City slaughter can't ask for it. Mr. Wen owns 30 acres of land. Because of the threat of tribute, Mr. Wen said angrily,' The head can be shackled, but Lan can't get it!' "It shows that his patriotic exercise festival is exactly the same as his personal record festival. He carved a seal on the scroll of "Moran", which read: "If you ask, you can't, if you don't ask, you can't; Old eyes are wide open, and the breeze is ancient and modern. "The characters recorded in Wen Zhong and Nancun's" Dropping out of Farming "are consistent and credible. Moreover, Zheng's patriotic festival was formed long before the death of the Song Dynasty, and it was in jeopardy in the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty. The following year (1276), during the Spring Festival, the poet, who was concerned about the country and the people, foresaw the inevitable trend of the country's demise and wrote a poem:
If you are pregnant, you won't let go.
This place is Huma for the time being, but it will always be Song Min.
Reading is the end of the matter. Who is the country?
Shame on fighting, the desolate city is beautiful in spring.
The poem tells us that at that time, it was a bitter time when the war was sparse and the soldiers and horses did not move. He sincerely said, "Who is the country?" Give a sharp and frank criticism to the monarch ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty who stole peace and did not think about recovery! At the same time, he said that even if Huma changed from "temporary" (there is still hope) to "eternal", nothing would change for me. The phrase "Song Min for life" is his "declaration" in the second half of his life, which embodies his patriotic feelings and integrity.
This kind of affection and moral integrity lasted until Dade five years after the death of Song Dynasty (1306). It has been 27 years since the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. Many people who entered the Yuan Dynasty from the Song Dynasty played down their love for the Song Dynasty, quietly and intermittently "the minority is subordinate to the majority", embarked on the official career of the Yuan Dynasty and enjoyed the "peaceful" atmosphere of the new era. However, Zheng Sonan is different from others. He will never go with the flow and be consistent. And like old wine, it will get stronger and stronger for a long time without any loss reduction. Therefore, Ni Zan said, "Only those who are United will not change", which means that everyone else has changed, and only he is determined to stick to his ambition. In this year (1306), Zheng Sixiao completed his masterpiece "Map of Moran". The words "old eyes are wide open, the breeze is ancient and modern" come from this picture, which shows the poet's mind and integrity in his later years (65 years old). In this painting, the poet also wrote a poem:
I have been bowed their heads and asked the emperor Xi:
Who are you from this town?
Open your nostrils before painting,
There is an ancient fragrance floating in the sky.
The most beautiful time and wonderful lines 1) Incomplete is a kind of regrettable beauty. Three young people with empty feelings stood at the c