World diamond processing plant
1, Antwerp, Belgium-Fine Diamond Processing Center
Antwerp is a world-famous diamond processing center, and has become the world's "diamond capital" since the middle of15th century. 80% of the residents in this city are engaged in diamond and related industries, and most of the processed diamonds are used for export. Due to the duty-free import and export of diamonds in Antwerp, diamond merchants from all over the world have come to trade, making Antwerp always occupy the throne of the world's largest diamond center. Antwerp has the best diamond polisher in the world. They adopted the "Antwerp cutting" technology, which enjoys a reputation of five centuries, to cut out the shapes of 33 upper faces and 24 lower faces, making the diamond more perfect and fully embodying the crystal brightness of the diamond. It is said that seven of the 10 diamonds in the world are cut by Antwerp craftsmen, so the "Antwerp cutting" technology has become the universal standard all over the world.
2. Mumbai, India-Small Diamond Processing Center
India has a long history of diamond cutting, but its modern diamond processing developed relatively late. India's diamond processing output value from 65438 to 0966 only accounts for 1.9% of the world. In the 1980s, India's modern diamond processing has achieved rapid development, and by 1992, its diamond processing output value has accounted for 35%-40% of the world. However, due to semi-automatic processing, the labor cost is low, and the polished diamond has poor effect, thick waist and poor symmetry, which affects the fire color. Therefore, the diamonds processed are mainly small diamonds, generally within 20 minutes.
3. new york, USA-Large Diamond Processing Center.
New york, USA is a world-famous diamond cutting center, where many famous jewelers gather. The diamond processing center in new york has more than 400 skilled cutters and about 2,000 diamond dealers. New york Diamond Center has few cutters and grinders, small processing area and exquisite diamond processing. However, due to the high labor cost, the salary is calculated at tens of dollars per hour, and the cutting cost is high, so it mainly processes large diamonds above 1 carat, and the difficulty and accuracy of diamond cutting are world-famous. American-cut round diamonds have 58 faces, the sharp bottom is polished into a transparent octagon, and the waist is polished into a transparent facet.
4. Tel Aviv-Exquisite colored diamond Machining Center
Tel Aviv has a long history of diamond processing, and it is also one of the most famous diamond cutting and grinding places in contemporary times. Especially famous for fancy cutting, 40% of round diamonds and 70% of fancy diamonds in the global diamond and jewelry market are cut and ground here, 10 points to 50 points. However, the processing level is very uneven, and traditional tools are often used for polishing. Some diamonds have rough waist edge, poor symmetry, irregular pavilion shadow and deep and shallow bottom angle, which affects the fire color of diamonds to some extent.
How do people process diamonds? How are natural diamonds formed? Processing diamond diamond processing: when processing, the rough diamond is processed by machinery first, and then polished more finely by hand. Natural diamond formation diamond processing: diamond is a simple crystal composed of carbon (C) formed in the deep part of the earth at high pressure and high temperature.
Who knows the process of diamond processing technology? The so-called diamond processing technology means that when diamonds are discovered, they often have to be processed, and the whole processing process, not only through one process, but also through the overall design, then marking, and finally through a series of processes such as cutting and polishing, can finally become real diamond jewelry, and through such a series of processing, the price has also increased many times. The following contents specifically introduce the diamond processing technology. If you want to know, let's have a look.
Diamond processing process
No matter the size of the diamond, it is only a reference, but because the diamond is not big, it is just a prototype through exquisite design, and then it is crossed. The purpose of crossing is for further processing, so it must be clearly displayed when crossing to ensure that the next process will not be damaged due to unclear crossing. As an operator, this process must be done seriously.
The second is cutting, which puts the diamond on the frame. The purpose of this is to stabilize the diamond and avoid shaking and deviation during cutting. Generally, after this process, it will be divided into two halves or more, depending on the size of the diamond and what kind of jewelry the designer wants to make.
Forming, and finally polishing the diamond according to its shape. Because the hardness of diamonds is relatively strong, diamonds will be shaped by diamonds. Because the hardness of diamonds is different in the whole molding process, it is necessary to better grasp the shape of diamonds by the usual polishing experience. Whether a diamond becomes a cube, an octahedron or other shapes is not only related to the shaper, but also related to the diamond.
The last step is diamond polishing. Diamond powder and lubricating oil must be used for polishing. The purpose of this process is to make diamonds more glorious, and the surface of each diamond should be polished in place. Diamonds can radiate dazzling light after processing, and the added value will be further amplified.
I believe that after understanding the content of this article, I have a certain understanding of diamond processing technology. When wearing diamond jewelry, I should take better care of the diamond jewelry I wear, because the formation of diamond jewelry is a fine product created by many people.
The popular science A Brief History of Diamond Processing The name of diamond comes from the Greek word "adamas", which means "indestructible". This rare and precious gem is composed of carbon element (C), which is connected by regular tetrahedron to form a stable structure, so the diamond has the highest hardness among natural gems, and the corresponding processing also has high requirements for jewelers.
This gem was first discovered in India in the 4th century BC, and its processing technology began in14th century. It took hundreds of years for diamond processing to show perfect fire color, from "point cutting" in natural crystal form to "rose cutting" with heart, and then to "brilliant cutting" now.
In addition to traditional circular cutting, common modern diamond cutting includes emerald cutting, pear cutting, oval cutting, strip cutting, pillow cutting, heart-shaped cutting and princess-shaped cutting.
Development of diamond processing technology
Point cutting, born in the middle of14th century, is the earliest form of diamond cutting and grinding. At that time, jewelers only polished and polished the octahedral shape of diamonds, retaining the natural crystal shape of diamonds.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, "surface cutting" was first applied to diamonds, and an octahedral apex angle was ground off, forming the upper part of the "crown" and the lower part of the "pavilion". This cutting method marks the birth of modern gemstone cutting and has been used until17th century.
"Rose Cut" appeared in the middle of16th century. It consists of vault and bottom, and has 24 triangular sections. The biggest feature of this kind of cutting is "intention", which is mostly used for plane diamond crystals. Since then, it has evolved into a "double rose cut" with 48 facets.
"Old single-cut" is the embryonic form of modern round-cut diamonds, which consists of a table, eight crowns and eight pavilions. This cutting method lays the foundation for "double cutting" with 34 facets and "new single cutting" with perfect circle.
/kloc-In the second half of the 0/7th century, a Venetian diamond cutter added several facets to the "double facet cutting", which significantly improved the brightness and fire color of the diamond. This pillow cutting method is called "old mining cutting" and is the earliest attempt of "open cutting".
"Old European cut" is the prototype of modern "bright cut" diamonds, which was born in1early 8th century. It has a small table and a thick crown, which looks exactly like a "brilliant cut" diamond from the top.
Brilliant Cut was invented by Belgian diamond cutter Marcel Tolkowsky in 19 19, which can perfectly present the fire color of diamonds from all angles. A natural octahedral diamond is cut into two diamonds, one large and one small, which minimizes the waste of raw materials.
In fact, after so many years of development, diamond cutting and grinding is not only the development history of diamond jewelry, but also the abbreviation of European and even world development. From the very beginning, it was exclusive to the royal family, and now it is necessary to get married. Its popularity is getting higher and higher, and the public's attention to it is also rising. I believe that diamonds will have a better development trend in the future.
How many processes are needed for diamond processing? Diamond processing procedures: In order to cut and grind rough diamonds into various cut diamonds, a series of processing procedures must be implemented step by step. Generally speaking, there are four processes in diamond cutting and polishing, namely scribing, dividing, shaping and polishing.
1. rough stone marking: based on the correct evaluation of the rough stone, mark the design intention on the diamond with a special pen, and the cutter will polish the diamond according to the mark. People engaged in this work must have solid gemmological professional knowledge, rich practical experience and skilled processing technology, which directly affects the economic benefits of gem cutting and polishing, and also affects the perfection of the final gem products.
2. Separating the original stone: For various reasons, it is necessary to separate the original stone. It is also a very important job to divide the rough stone, which directly affects the quality and ultimately the value of the finished diamond. The important factors to be considered when dividing the original stone are: the shape of the original stone, internal defects, twins and crystallographic characteristics.
3. Rough grinding: The process of rough grinding of gemstones is to stick the gemstone to be ground on a fixture, install the fixture on the card of the rough grinding machine, and clamp the other one on the fixture as a cutting fixture. The operator holds the long handle with his arm. When the rough grinder drives the diamond to rotate, the two diamonds contact each other, the handle is ground into shape, and the original stone is formed. This is also a process of cutting or cutting and grinding.
4. Polishing: The main components of polishing equipment are grinding disc, fixture and pliers mouth. Polishing is a highly technical technology, which requires diamond cutters to know a certain process and have rich experience. Polishing is the process of grinding rough gemstones into final products through a series of processes.
How are diamonds cut? 1. Draw a line. Also called marking, it means marking the surface of a diamond. This is the first step in diamond cutting. First, check the blank, mark the diamond surface, and mark the diamond surface. The people who do this job are experienced and proficient in processing technology. The scribe must pay attention to two points: try to keep the original weight and minimize inclusions.
Second, the original stone is divided into three steps: splitting, sawing and forming.
First of all, splitting: the splitting division puts the marked drill blank on the frame, then cuts a dent with another diamond along the splitting line, then puts the tool on the dent, and beats it with a proper force on the cleaver by hand, so that the diamond will split into two halves or more pieces along the grain direction.
Then there is sawing: most diamonds are not suitable for chopping and need to be sawed with a saw. The diamond is fixed on the fixture, and the saw disc rotates at high speed, so that the diamond can be sawed. Modern laser technology introduces diamond cutting, which greatly improves the machining efficiency of drill blanks.
Finally, molding: send the sawed diamond to the rounding part for rounding molding, that is, make the diamond into round, heart-shaped, oval, common cut flower shape or other special shapes according to the design requirements.
Third, valve installation and polishing. On a cast iron plate coated with diamond powder and lubricating oil, all the valve surfaces are turned, which makes the diamond emit attractive luster. The grinding process is usually as follows: first, make 8 large faces at the bottom, and then make 16 small faces. The sharp bottom has ***25 facets, from which triangular facets, kite facets and waist facets extend, with ***33 facets, so a round diamond has 58 facets. If there are no small facets with sharp bottoms, there are * * 57 facets.
Extended data:
The diamond that first appeared on the ring is the original stone in the shape of natural octahedron. From about14th century, people processed diamonds before setting them, and early cutting craftsmen tried to sharpen them. Table cutting appeared in the 15th century, rose cutting began in the 16th century, and this cutting style continued until the 19th century. The appearance of bright cutting is a great progress in drilling and cutting, which gives diamonds a better color of light and fire.
19 14, Marcel Tolkowsky, a diamond cutter in Antwerp, announced the proportion of diamond cutting according to the refractive index and dispersion rate of diamonds, which was widely welcomed. Although Minche has been improved today, most of it is based on the proportion calculated by Tolstoy. However, diamond cutting is a combination of art and technology, which requires long-term experience accumulation and talent training, so diamond cutting is mainly concentrated in those traditional cutting centers.
At present, there are four major cutting and grinding centers in the world. Mumbai, new york, Antwerp, Tel Aviv. In addition, Thailand, China, Russian Federation and South Africa are also developing into major diamond processing and cutting centers.
Every dazzling diamond needs careful cutting and processing to release its due brilliance, which is also the perfect combination of man and nature. However, the common expressions such as "Russian worker", "Belgian worker" and "Indian worker" in the industry are not directly related to the above-mentioned cutting center, that is, the "Russian worker" diamond does not necessarily mean that the diamond is processed by a Russian processing factory, but implies that the diamond is cut perfectly.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia: Diamond Cutting