Tea service: When going to herdsmen's homes or tourist attractions, the host or waiter will give the guests a bowl of milk tea first. Guests should get up slightly and pick it up with their hands or right hands. Never pick it up with your left hand, or it will be considered impolite. When the host or waiter pours tea, if the guest doesn't want to drink tea, please gently touch the spoon or spout with the edge of the bowl, and the host will immediately understand the guest's intention. Offering tea to guests is a noble traditional Mongolian etiquette. In the history of Mongolia, whether it is a rich family or a poor family, whether it is an upper class or a common people, whether it is in communication or at home, on the road, or on all other occasions, tea is an entertainment. Tea is an indispensable treat when guests come home. Therefore, as usual, the herdsmen presented a bowl of milk tea to the guests, and then the host served fried rice and a bowl of cream, milk tofu and milk skin.

Toast: pouring wine is a traditional way for Mongolian people to treat their guests. They believe that wine is the essence of food and the crystallization of grain, and offering the most precious food is to express the respect and love of grassland herders for their guests. Usually, the host pours wine into a silver bowl, a gold cup or a horn cup, puts it on a long Hada and sings a touching traditional Mongolian toast song. If the guest refuses to drink, it will be regarded as contempt for the host and unwilling to treat the host sincerely. Guests should immediately catch the wine, dip their ring fingers in the wine and point to the direction of heaven, earth and stove to show their respect for heaven, earth and Vulcan. Don't be reluctant to drink, but touch your lips to show that you have accepted the pure friendship of your master. Then housewives dressed in national costumes bring fragrant milk wine to entertain guests, which is also the traditional etiquette of Mongolian people. The host will persuade the wine in poetic language: "The distant guests invite you to drink a cup of grassland wine, which is the essence of our national traditional food and the kindness and affection of our grassland people."

Sacrifice to God: There is a custom of offering sacrifices to God in Mongolian ceremonies and banquets. According to the Mongolian custom guide, the chef cut the sheep into nine equal portions of meat, "The first is heaven, the second is earth, the third is Buddha, the fourth is ghost, the fifth is man, the sixth is mountain, the seventh is grave, the eighth is land and water god, and the ninth is emperor". Sacrifice to heaven and throw meat on the yurt; Sacrificial land was thrown into the fire; Sacrifice Buddha statues in front of shrines; The ghost sacrifice is placed outside the bag; The mountain is hung on the branches of the sacred tree, and the grave is dedicated to the ancestors of this nation. Put it outside the bag, throw it into the river park to worship the water god, and finally sacrifice it to Genghis Khan and put it in front of the shrine. This custom can be traced back to ancient Shamanism, which worships many gods. Later, Lamaism, a Mongolian belief, absorbed its ancient folk beliefs and brought many gods into the track of Lamaism.

Hospitality: Mongolians have been known for their straightforward temperament and warm hospitality since ancient times. Be enthusiastic about visitors at home, whether they are regular customers or strangers. First of all, offer fragrant milk tea, and serve plates of snow-white milk skin and cheese. After drinking milk tea, the host will offer mellow milk wine and invite guests to drink koumiss in midsummer. In some areas, there are certain rules for entertaining guests with hand-grabbed meat. For example, eating with a pipa with four long tendons; Beef is served with a spine with half a rib and a fat sausage. Before or after marriage, the girl goes back to her mother's house to treat her with lamb breast. The calf bone, chin and neck meat of sheep are all for the younger generation and children. Receive distinguished guests or put a whole sheep mat on a festive day.

Respect for the old and love for the young: Mongolians have a sense of security for the old and respect for the old and love for the young. Go to the Mongolian herdsmen's house and greet the old people. Don't pass by the old man, don't sit in his superior position, and don't sit side by side with the old man without permission. When addressing the elderly, you should be called "you", and you are not allowed to be commensurate or call them by their first names. Don't shout when you see the herdsmen's children, let alone fight. Don't talk about your child's physical defects in front of your family. Being good to children and being good to children is considered as respect for parents.

Singing: Mongolian persuasion is often expressed by sincere singing. Singing and persuasion go hand in hand. Often after a lead singer, everyone raises their glasses and sings together, and then everyone cheers together. So many times, the wine is full. Singing is ritualistic, impromptu, one person or several people, and chorus, and its singing is often hearty and sleepless all night. Hospitality: Mongolian people have a traditional virtue of attaching importance to hospitality, which has been circulating since ancient times. The development of Mongolian traditional music is closely related to the development of national history and literature. Poetry is accompanied by music, songs are accompanied by poetry, and poetry coexists. Mongolian folk songs are rich in content, wide in subject matter and huge in quantity. According to the region, it can be divided into Dongmeng Mountain Song and Ximen Mountain Song, and according to the song type, it can be divided into long tune, short tune, tide day, narrative song, wine song, children's song, lullaby, religious song Bo, dance music Diane and Du Hao Qin Ge.

Choose hunting dogs: Mongolians have the custom of hunting dogs. Therefore, they attach great importance to choosing a good hound-"Tiger", which is a castrated short-haired boutique dog. When choosing and raising hunting dogs, we should pay attention to good breeds, that is, choose puppies with long waist, long and symmetrical tail, keen hearing, keen vision, quick action and fast running speed as hunting dogs.

Greetings: Mongols are a hospitable people. Greet each other when meeting, even strangers should say hello; When colleagues meet acquaintances, they usually ask "Sai Bai Nu". If you meet your elders or people you meet for the first time, ask "Hosai White Slave". Entertaining passers-by is a traditional virtue of Mongols, but you must respect your host when you are a guest in a Mongolian home. After entering the yurt, you should sit cross-legged on the carpet around the stove, but the west of the stove is the owner's residence, so you can't sit casually when the owner is not sitting. Guests generally drink milk tea sent by their hosts, and it is impolite not to drink it; Don't refuse the host's request for dairy products, otherwise it will hurt the host's heart. If it's inconvenient to eat more, just eat a little.

Mongolian naming custom

The characteristics of male names are:

One is named according to national psychological habits, such as Timur, Geser and Bater.

Second, according to the expectations of the elders, such as: Jiya Saiyin (good luck), Bajad (joy), Baiyin (abundance), Jiri Gele (happiness) and so on.

Third, according to the age of the elders when the baby is born, such as Binta (50), Jirentai (60) and Dalan (70). 4. Named after brave animals, such as Shaobu (bird), Bala (tiger), Hua (wolf), Abrand (lion) and Brezhgood (eagle).

5. Name natural things, such as Lu Chao (Stone), Agra (Mountain), Mu Ren (River), Tara (Yuan Ye), etc.

The characteristics of female naming are:

First, they are named after bright stars, such as Na Ren (the sun), Saren (the moon), Auden (the star), Na Ren Gao Wa (the sun is beautiful) and Saren Gao Wa (the moon is beautiful).

Second, it is named after beautiful flowers and trees, such as: Sarilang flower (Shandan flower), Qige (flower), Nabuqi (leaf), Haitang and so on. Third, in the name of jewelry and jade, such as Haas (jade), Tana (pearl), alatan Gao Wa (beautiful as gold) and so on.

Fourth, in the name of ideals, such as Qin Si (smart), Wuyun (smart), Gao Wa (beautiful) and Gaowa Siqin (beautiful and smart).

According to this method, Mongolian women's names can be divided into many kinds. The biggest feature of modern Mongolian names is that they have no name prefix, so they are just names and should not be understood as names. Few people have surnames prefixed, which is just an individual phenomenon.

Mongolian people should avoid riding too fast when riding and driving near yurts, so as not to disturb the herd; If there is a fire in front of the door or a sign such as a red cloth strip is hung, it means that there are patients or parturients in this family, and outsiders are not allowed to enter; Guests can't sit on the west kang, because the west is the direction of Buddha worship; Avoid dead animal meat and donkey meat, dog meat and white horse meat; Avoid red and white for funerals and black and yellow for weddings; Avoid baking feet, shoes, socks and pants on the brazier; Smoking, spitting, touching utensils, classics, Buddha statues and making loud noises are prohibited when visiting temples, and hunting near temples is not allowed.

Fire taboo: Mongolians worship fire, Vulcan and Kitchen God, and think that fire, Vulcan or Kitchen God are sacred objects to ward off evil spirits. Therefore, after entering the yurt, it is forbidden to roast your feet on the stove, let alone wet your boots and shoes by the stove. Don't cross the stove, or pedal the stove, don't knock on the cigarette bag, throw things or throw dirty things on the stove. You can't pick a fire with a knife, you can't insert a knife into the fire, and you can't take meat from the pot with a knife.

Water taboo: Mongolians believe that water is a pure god. Don't wash your hands and bathe in the river, don't wash women's dirty clothes, and don't throw unclean things into the river. Grassland is dry and short of water, grazing by aquatic plants, and it can't survive without water. Therefore, herders are used to saving water, paying attention to keeping water clean and taking water as the source of life.

Wedding custom

Present Hada

Young Mongolian men and women should choose an auspicious day when they get married, and the man should give the bride price to the woman's family. The bride price includes cash, clothes, cloth, jewelry, rice and so on. The wedding things in the woman's family include cabinets, bedding, clothes, jewelry, electrical appliances, bicycles, rice, melon seeds and so on. The key is kept by the woman's house. When the bride arrives at the man's house, the groom's mother will take money to redeem the key and give it to the bride. On the day before the wedding, the man will send the sheep's back (shuus or uuch) wrapped in red paper and wine as a gift to the woman's house for her to entertain guests. On the wedding day, the groom, accompanied by Lang, went to the bride's house to meet her, and at the same time picked some vegetables and sent them to the bride's house. According to the custom, the groom can't talk during the wedding, and everything is accompanied by Lang for entertainment and negotiation until the bride is married home. When he got to the woman's house, the groom was arranged to eat alone, so he couldn't do it. He can only feed the groom with food. When the man who comes over picks up the dowry and carries it out, the groom can welcome the bride out. The bride has a young woman's hairstyle and wears brand-new clothes from top to bottom and from inside to outside. The dress is Shang Qing and black. The lace pattern of the dress and the high collar of the coat are very similar to those of the Mongols in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A small pendant worn by the bride was kept by a child at the farewell party. The bride was carried on the sedan chair by her uncle and accompanied by her brother to the man's house. When the bride gets on the sedan chair, she will cry to show that she is reluctant to leave home and cry all the way into the bridal chamber. Before the bride enters the man's house, she must burn XiShen paper. After entering the gate, you should persuade her not to cry. After entering the bridal chamber, she will take off the bride's red headscarf and give it to the first room. When eating, let the bride eat alone in the bridal chamber, and the groom will add rice to the bride. That night, the girl and the young man came to celebrate, and the family laughed and laughed. The next day, the newlyweds will return to the woman's house, and at the same time, they will worship the heavens and the earth and their ancestors at the woman's house. At the same time, their parents-in-law will give the groom a silver bracelet. On the way back from the woman's house to the man's house, the newlyweds will bow no matter who they meet. After returning to the man's home, he will also worship heaven and earth and ancestors. On the third day, I went to the ancestral grave. Accompanied by the girl and the young man, the newlyweds went to the ancestral graves of both men and women with offerings and food such as pig heads. After coming back, the bride makes a fire, the groom carries water, and burns foot washing water for the elders and companions. The wedding is over now. Within 7 days after marriage, the bride can't go back to her parents' home or stay in other places. In history, there is a custom that men can remarry, but their original wives can't. Now the situation has changed fundamentally. Marriage is voluntary and freedom of divorce has become a new trend, but the divorce rate of Mongolians is very low.