I liked studying when I was young. Because my family is poor, I can't get books to read. I often borrow money from the library, copy it myself, and send it back on the appointed day. When the weather is cold, the water in the salt pond freezes into ice and I can't stretch my fingers. I still don't relax reading. After copying, please go back to China, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. Being crowned (guān) will benefit the saints. He has also suffered from celebrities and tourists who have no masters. He has traveled hundreds of miles and asked his ancestors in his hometown for advice. Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Around Lishi, he assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions; Or when you meet him (Chi) and duh (Du Bu), the more respectful and humble you are, the more you dare not say a word; Have a nice time (s √), please ask again. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot. When he was a teacher, he dragged himself into the deep mountains and valleys. The wind in winter is fierce, the snow is several feet deep, and the skin is cracked. If you travel against the trend, your host will eat it again every day, and you won't enjoy the taste of fresh fat. She was embroidered by (pρ) Qi (qǐ), wearing a hat decorated with Zhu yěng(yρng), a circle of white jade around her waist, a sword on her left and a stench on her right, while Ye (yρ) looked like a god. I am not interested in clothes, clothes, and clothes. Because there are enough things in your heart to make you happy, don't feel that the enjoyment of food is not as good as others. My efforts and efforts are probably like this. Although I am old and have no achievements, I am fortunate to be among the gentlemen. However, I have been blessed by the son of heaven. After I became a public official, I worked as a consultant every day, and the whole world misreported my last name. What else? Nowadays, all the students are studying in imperial academy, the county magistrate has a little support every day (gūng), and their parents are 20 years old and have the legacy of Qiu Ge, so they are not afraid of being frozen (něi). Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't; All the books should be kept here. There is no need to record them through other people's hands and read them later. If they are not proficient in their studies and their moral character is not cultivated, if they have no talent and qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault? Dongyang Ma, who studied in imperial academy for two years, was praised by his peers for his virtue. Yu Ducheng, a fellow countryman, wrote a long book (zhàn) that he thought was a ambition, and his handwriting was very smooth. He argued with it and made peace with it. He said that when he was young, he studied very hard and was a good learner. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies. It is said that Yu Mian's fellow villagers are all scholars, and so is Yu. Those who despise me, brag about my wealth and prosperity, and be arrogant to my hometown know the rest!

I liked reading when I was a child. The family is poor and can't afford to buy books. They often borrow books from people with books, copy them by hand, and return them on time according to the agreed date. (Sometimes) the weather is very cold, and the ink in the inkstone becomes hard ice, so that fingers can't bend and straighten, and they don't relax to copy books. Return the book as soon as possible after copying, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people are willing to lend me books, so that I can read widely. As an adult, I admire the theory of sages more. I am also worried that there are no knowledgeable teachers and prestigious people to associate with. I once ran a hundred miles away and asked the local moral and intellectual predecessors for advice with the scriptures. This senior is highly respected, and his room is full of students, but he didn't put his words mildly, and his face was gentle. I stood by him and waited, asking questions, asking truth, bending down to listen to suggestions (showing respect and concentration); Sometimes when I meet the teacher's reprimand, my attitude is more respectful, my manners are more thoughtful, and I dare not say an excuse; He will ask for advice when he is happy. So, although I was stupid, I finally got something. At the beginning, I went to see my teacher, carrying a book box and dragging broken shoes, walking in the ravine. In the severe winter, the wind is cold and the snow is several feet deep, but the skin on my feet is broken unconsciously because of cold and dryness. When I arrived at the school house, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The maid brought hot water to wash (me) and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. When staying in a hotel, the host only provides two meals a day, and there is no fresh and fat food to enjoy. The students in the same dormitory are all wearing embroidered silk clothes, hats decorated with red hair bands and precious stones, white jade rings around their waists, broadsword on the left and sachets on the right, which look radiant like immortals; I live among them in shabby clothes without envy, because I have enough happiness in my heart (reading), so I don't feel inferior to others in food and clothing. This is probably my diligence and hard work at school. Now, although I am old and have no achievements, I am fortunate enough to be among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting to be questioned, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun. Besides, who can surpass me? Now every student studying in imperial academy has rice and food provided by the court every day, and their parents send them clothes for winter and summer, so they don't have to worry about being frozen and hungry. Sitting in the spacious hall reading "poems" and "books", there is no fatigue of running around; There are also teachers and doctors who are their teachers, but they can't get answers without asking, and they can't gain anything from exploring knowledge; All the books that should be here are concentrated, so you don't have to copy them yourself like me. You can only read it if you borrow it from others. If they are not proficient in their studies, have they developed their moral character? They are either gifted or not as single-minded as I am. Is it someone else's fault? Dongyang Ma Jun studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his talent. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a junior compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift to show his respect. His words are fluent and easy to understand, arguing with him, his words are gentle and his face is calm. He himself said that he was very diligent and hard-working when he was a teenager, and he could be called a good learner. He was going home to visit his parents, so I told him about the difficulty of studying. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you denigrate me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my fellow villagers, do you know me?

To annotate ...

[1] Yu: I.

[2] Do it yourself.

[3] Addiction: Special hobby.

[4] No way: No way.

[5] to the book: get the book. To: I see.

[6] Under the guise of: synonymous compounds. Borrow. "Fake" also means borrowing.

[7] DàI: that is, "Dà i", never slacking off or relaxing in reading. Christopher, no, "zhi" is the object of "lazy", which means "recording". Negative sentences, pronouns as objects, prepositional objects.

[8] Go: Run. [

9] overdue: beyond the agreed time limit.

[10] Therefore.

[1 1 guān: After coronation, it refers to adulthood. In ancient times, when a person was twenty years old, he was crowned (put on a hat) to show that he had grown up. Later generations often use "crown" or "add crown" to indicate the age of 20. This means twenty years old. It's already started.

[12] Suffering from: worry, anxiety.

[13] Master: A knowledgeable teacher. Shuo, Da.

[14] Taste: Once.

[15] trend: running towards.

[16] Xianda: a moral and learned elder.

[17] Inquiry: Ask for advice. Knock on the door and ask questions. Synonymous compound words.

Delong Wang Zun: High moral prestige. Respected. Hope, prestige, reputation. Dragon: High.

The disciples crowded his room: the students crowded his room. Master, apprentice, student. Fill, fill. It means crowded here.

[20] Slightly lower rhetoric: gentle words, gentle face. Words, words and faces.

[2 1] The quality of aid questioning: ask questions and ask the truth. Assist, guide and propose. Quality, inquiry

[22] Bend over and ask with your ears tilted: Bend over and ask with your ears tilted (indicating respect and concentration).

[23] Or: Sometimes [

24] reprimand (chi) duh (du): reprimand, reprimand.

[25] To: Deliberate.

[26] a: a.

[27] I (ì): Wait a minute.

[28] negative basket (qiè) dragging basket (xǐ): carrying the book box and dragging the shoes (indicating that the shoes are worn out). Basket: book box. Li: Shoes.

[29] Poor winter: severe winter. [30] chapped skin (jūn): The skin is broken due to cold and dryness.

[3 1] House: study, library.

[32] Branch: Treating "limb" with the same method, limb.

[33] Yi (yìng) people: married maids, here refers to maids.

[34] soup: hot water.

[35] Lying off: lavage.

[36] He (q and n): quilt.

[37] Hug: Surround.

[38] and: Undertaking table.

[39] Yes, only.

[40] Stay in a hotel. Travel backwards, hotel.

[4 1] Bei (pι): Put it on, put it on.

[42] tassel: hat band

[43] Waist: Hanging at the waist. Waist, nouns as verbs.

[44] Liu: sachet. Smell: The smell here refers to aroma.

[45] Ye Ran: A dazzling appearance.

[46] robes: wearing worn-out clothes. Old packing. Oh, it is broken.

[47] Slightly unattractive: not envious. Slightly none: none. Mu, Yan, envy.

[48] People who enjoy it don't know that oral service is not like people. Because I have enough happiness in my heart (reading), I don't feel that food and clothing are inferior to others. China: Inside. Worship of mouth and body: worship of mouth and body refers to food and clothing. Feng: Support.

[49] G: Probably.

[50] Tao: Speak, speak.

[5 1] Mao Lao: Old. People in their eighties and nineties are called Yao. Song Lian is sixty-nine years old at this time.

[52] Fortunately, I was lucky enough to participate in it. A gentleman refers to a scholar with moral knowledge.

[53] Affix: This means "follow". [

54] praise wrongly. This is the author's modest words.

[55] Zhu Sheng: Too many students.

[56] imperial academy: A school established by the central government in the Ming Dynasty to educate scholars was called imperial academy or imperial academy.

[57] County Decree: This refers to the imperial court.

[58] Li (lǐn) omitted: At that time, the government provided free food and salaries as "Li" or "omitted".

[59] Qiu (qiú): leather clothes.

[60] Ge: Ge Bu.

[6 1] Heritage (wèi): Give, give, here refers to assistance.

[62] Division and Doctor: Deputy Chief and Professor of imperial academy respectively. Represents a learned person.

[63] Unborn inferiority: If it weren't for low talent.

[64] Liu generation: peers. Flow: flat. [

65] Chao: In the old society, courtiers appeared before the monarch. When Song Lian wrote this article, he came to Beijing from his hometown and met Zhu Yuanzhang in Nanjing.

[66] To a fellow countryman: As the son of a fellow countryman.

[67] Ye: Please see me.

[68] Turn: Turn together and write.

[69] Long book: Long letter.

[70] Lu (zh √ zhi): a gift given when we first met in ancient times.

I: Peace. [

[72] Yu Yu sentence: I think I am encouraging fellow villagers to study hard, which is my original intention. [

73] slander: slander.

[74] Prosperous fortune: Encountering honor refers to the emperor's appreciation and reuse.

[75] Jiao Xiangren: Proud of fellow villagers.

Preface to Farewell to Dongyang is taken from Song Anthology (four series). In the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1378), Song Lian retired from his hometown Pujiang (Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province) to Yingtian (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province) in the second year. Ma Junze, a fellow student in imperial academy, came to visit Zhu Yuanzhang. This lesson only extracts the first half of the preface. In this part, the author did not preach with a straight face because of his position and elder status, but put forward his own views and described the hardships and hardships of his childhood study, in order to convince people with reason and control people with emotion. This is the author's ardent expectation for Ma Junze. After hard work, I finally achieved something.