Amber, crystal clear and delicate in color, is very popular in the world. Legend has it that amber was changed from the tears of the ancient Greek goddess Helitis. In our country, amber is regarded as the change of the soul after the death of a tiger.
Amber is actually a petrochemical product of plant resin in geological age, and it is a well-preserved solid biological fossil. It is one of the organic gems.
Amber is amorphous and irregular, ranging in size from fine particles to chunks weighing several pounds. The raw materials have resin luster, and after polishing, they have resin luster to be close to glass luster. The hardness is only 2-2.5. It is easy to cut with a knife, with poor toughness and shell-like cracks. The specific gravity of transparent amber is about 1.05 ~ 1.09, while the specific gravity of turbid amber is as low as 1.0. The refractive index of amber does not change much, but it is usually close to 1.54, which can be as low as 1.539 and as high as 1.545. Because amber is an amorphous substance, it is isotropic, cleavage-free, polychromatic and refraction-free. According to the lack of toughness, powdery inclusion, oily luster, broken glass and lack of high polishing ability, it can be identified as fat amber. There are often inclusions in amber, such as insects, seeds and other foreign bodies, which are captured before turpentine hardens. Germans call amber a burning stone because it burns at a very low temperature. For this reason, amber is often used as hygienic incense.
Amber has rich colors, diverse patterns and strong or weak transparency. People give them many image names according to their different characteristics: Shipo, Huapo, Shuipo, Jin Po, Lingpo, Mingpo, Xiangpo and Xuepo. Among them, red blood beads are the most precious, followed by yellow transparent Jin Po, and goose yellow wax beads are the least.
In real life, amber has various uses. Amber is often processed into decorative handicrafts such as necklaces, collars, rings and knickknacks. People wear them on their bodies, saying that they can "calm the five internal organs, calm the soul and drive away ghosts and evil spirits." Some ethnic minorities in our country must put amber necklaces on their brides at weddings. They think amber can make the bride and groom feel harmonious and stay young forever. In interpersonal communication, amber ornaments are noble gifts for relatives and friends, and both parties will feel that they are worth a hundred times.
Amber can be used not only for decoration, but also for making medicines, dyes, spices and paints.
Amber is generally identified by its low specific gravity and hardness. In addition, its refractive index is also very special.
A useful test method is to put an unknown substance into a saturated salt solution. Amber will float in salt water, while most substances will sink. This test method is usually enough to distinguish amber from bakelite and many other plastics. Because the refractive index of bakelite is about 1.60, it is also a useful distinguishing index. When the small pieces are heated slowly, bakelite gives off a strong electric carbon sour taste, and celluloid gives off a camphor smell.
Amber is difficult to distinguish from some modern resins, such as styrene resin, shell turpentine, dama resin and so on. Styrene resin and shell turpentine were soaked in ether for 5-2 minutes, and then swelled and softened. In addition, it is much easier to melt styrene resin and shell turpentine with extremely hot needles than amber, but the difference is not big, and it needs to be compared with known amber. Ethyl acetate is needed to soften Dama resin.
In order to identify a carved amber, it is best to drop a small drop of ether in an imperceptible position and stay for a few minutes. If amber is corroded by ether, the ether will leave spots on its surface after volatilization. Because ether volatilizes very quickly, it is sometimes necessary to use a large drop of ether or make up this drop from time to time.
Amber is an organic colloidal substance-turpentine, which flowed from the crack of pine bark thousands of years ago. After the crustal change, it was buried deep underground and gradually condensed into a natural fossil. Its interior often contains all kinds of insects, seeds and carbonized leaves, so it is called "Millennium Poria, Millennium Amber". Amber is mostly golden yellow in color, belonging to amorphous gemstones, and will not form crystal forms, and the original ore is massive. Compared with other precious stones, amber has a lighter specific gravity and lower hardness, but it is deeply loved by people because of its golden and bright color.
Noble works of art
There are about 100 kinds of amber in the world, among which Europe > >
How is amber stone formed? 1. How did amber form fossils? Amber, popularly speaking, is a kind of plant resin, similar to what we often call "rosin". Made of plants (mostly trees with wooden structure) at a certain temperature. Of course, the temperature is usually very high to make them secrete viscous or colloidal liquid secretions. After long-term burial, the secretion gradually lost its volatile components, and then oxidized and consolidated, gradually forming resin fossils. This kind of fossil seems to have no rock, but it has been buried underground for millions to millions of years and has gone through all the processes of forming fossils. We call them special fossils-organic fossils, and there are similar coals. Because of this, it is essentially different from modern natural resin. 2. How do insects in amber survive? Amber is classified according to color and packaging inside. There are many kinds of amber. Common colors are golden yellow, chestnut and purple. And the types of inclusions are mostly insects, plants and so on. Amber fossils with insects are relatively rare and precious, and we call them "insects". So, how did the insects in amber survive? This is a complicated and coincidental process. First of all, the sticky resin flowed down the trunk and did not solidify immediately. At this time, insects are flying around here. Unfortunately, insects inadvertently stuck to the resin during the unintentional flight. Then the resin on the trunk flowed down along the previous route, and the insects failed to escape the secretion. Finally, they became insects in the Pearl River. Later, after geological action, the early trees were buried in the ground, and even the resin of organic matter was buried in the ground. After thousands of years of changes, amber is what we see today. 3. Where is the amber in the world? Amber can gather together to form an amber deposit, which is transported by running water. Because the density of amber is relatively small, it is easy to move all of it to small lakes or depressions with relatively low terrain and relatively closed environment. Where amber is concentrated in the world is 1 g? Hey? Catch it? Square notch? Reveal the secret? 0% can be used to make jewelry. The thickness of amber layer in Kaliningrad, Russia is 3 meters. In addition, Romania, Canada, Mexico and other places also produce amber. Amber in Fushun Coalfield, Liaoning Province, China is of excellent quality and abundant, and contains many insects and plant fossils, which was formed in the Early Tertiary. 4. How is amber faked? There are many ways to fake amber, because it is not very different from modern resin products in sensibility, so it is often easily confused by counterfeiters. Heat and melt the fragments of natural amber, then put the insect and plant specimens into it, and then cool it under pressure. Shaped like a naturally occurring insect. When identifying, we should pay attention to the shape and type of inclusions and the shape of bubbles in amber fossils, because it is difficult to make insects or plants in them into hundreds of millions of years, often modern flies, mosquitoes or spiders, rather than the type of amber formation era. In addition, due to artificial fraud, a series of bubbles will appear along the final closure of natural resin from melting to cooling, and the arrangement of bubbles has certain rules. This is rare in naturally occurring amber, with few bubbles and no regularity. Amber's English name is Amber, which comes from the Latin Ambrum, meaning "essence". Some people say that it comes from Anbar, which means "glue", because the Spanish call the buried glue and amber amber amber. In ancient China, amber was regarded as a "tiger spirit". The charm of amber, its color is subtle? Is it really chlorine? ? Is it true that the reinstated silkworm refuted the male shepherd tree? Really spray? What happened to the cheese? Mode？ Road vulture? Do you want to press the button evenly? Fade? Su Xiang smashed the bag and patted the peptide? What do you want? Peptide? Song Dan? How to appreciate the beauty of amber, in addition to the elegance of gems, the beauty of amber lies in its meaning and wisdom. For thousands of years, there have been countless literary praises for amber. Amber is the only living "living fossil". Under the carving of time, its color will be more ruddy and its texture will be more honey-y. With a piece of amber, you will see an unpredictable world. Legend about Amber Since ancient times in Europe, amber has been regarded as a mascot and a part of European culture. People who belong to Leo, Pisces and Scorpio wear amber, because these constellations and amber are interrelated, and amber is also the "birthday stone" of 1 1 month. The Amber Room symbolizes happiness ... >>
What is amber and how is amber stone formed? Amber is a resin fossil, but it is actually an organic mineral composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. About 40 million years ago, trees with high oil content in the forest, such as sequoia, Metasequoia, pine and cypress, secreted transparent and viscous gum (also known as resin); Due to the movement of the earth's crust, over time, trees turned into coal, while gum turned into beautiful amber. In the long years since then, amber has undergone various changes due to the influence of surrounding soil and water organic matter, sunlight, topography and other factors, and its color, specific gravity, hardness, melting point and so on have certain differences. As big as a goose egg and as small as a grain of rice, the longer it is, the thicker it will be. The epidermis has fine cracks similar to silkworm wings, which are brittle and soft, easy to collapse, and the leaves are broken like shells. Amber, as a fossil of resin, is actually a big category. According to the depth of the stratum and the formed environment, it can be Jin Po, amber (including insect amber and aromatic amber) beeswax, pine wax, rosin and asphalt in turn. Amber friction produces electrostatic charge, which can absorb paper, iron filings and other tiny items; Some of them can also be charged without friction, which feels like licking their hands. The ancients called it mustard. In the old days, amber handicrafts were mostly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but amber was small, and its carved pendants were more prominent in Suzhou, Beijing and other places. Jin Po's golden color is pure, and it is transparent resin-like small particles, and it is very rare that there is no big one (only the size of a silkworm head). It was used by senior officials of the Qing Dynasty to make Zhu Chao, and its price was very high. Amber is rich in varieties, including brownish red, bright red and dark red. The bright red one is called Shepper, which is a translucent resin with few impurities. Before amber was formed, it was very rare that beetles crawled over just when the secretion of fatty trees was secreted, that is, they got stuck in it. There is also a kind of amber called Xiangpo, because it can emit fragrance after absorbing high temperature, and it is something that ancient aristocratic women rubbed in their hands. The skin of fake amber feels smooth, sometimes there are traces of lathe turning, and the shape of bubbles is flat and long. There is also a kind of synthetic amber on the market, which is made by heating and melting amber chips, then adding flax red oil for coloring and pressing. If you look closely under the light, you can see the phenomenon of solution flowing. Mastering the above methods, it is not difficult to distinguish between true and false amber.
What are the rewards for collecting amber stones? In this fruitful autumn, the adventure mode also held a series of activities to give back to the vast number of adventure lovers. First, the items dropped during the expedition were greatly updated, followed by the "three-color amber search" held from October 20th to October 3rd, 654381day. Amber is a natural lens with many dazzling colors, and we only chose amber in three bright colors: red, yellow and purple for your collection. These three kinds of amber are more precious than one, which means that purple amber is the hardest to find, and you need to look carefully to find their whereabouts. These three colors of amber will fall on all adventure maps during the activity. As early as ancient China, amber was regarded as an auspicious thing in the world, and the expedition held this activity with this festive meaning. Amber is deeply loved by collectors because of its low density, light weight, uniform color and crystal clear. If there are complete animals in it, it is a rare treasure and is favored. Amber in Hall Q is equally precious, but the difference is that there are no animals in the amber in Hall Q, and some are the best props. There are many kinds of props, including gourmet pets, business card props, hats, sugar bubbles, wings and so on. The last three are rare out-of-print props. 1October 1 1 to1October1/uniformly distribute rewards. The reward distribution is based on the amount of amber collected, and the amount of amber collected can be exchanged for an equivalent prize. Therefore, everyone should collect more, and the more they collect, the more precious the prizes they get.
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Help to see what kind of stone is transparent, such as amber stone 100. This kind is not amber or stone. It is a typical "colored glass"; Can be carved; It is not uncommon for unscrupulous businessmen to hold such high-grade jade varieties and sell them at high prices in the market, so we must pay attention to the distinction; Authentic can be used as a variety collection if you like!
What kind of stone bracelet is this? Amber stone? tiger's eye
Hello, what kind of stone is this? My family said it was amber stone. I looked at it and thought it was a yellow tiger's eye stone, a bit like a Burmese root woman. How about the starting weight? Visually measure your beads about 0.9 mm. If it is amber, it weighs about 6.64 grams. You can compare the weights to see if it is amber. If not, you can go to the jewelry testing center to test the ingredients and see what stone it is.
I bought an amber stone with a cricket in it. What does this mean? As long as there are insects in amber, they are collectively called insects. Compared with other amber, insects are more expensive, especially rare insects, which are worth collecting.
Will amber stone be unsmooth in salt water? I'm glad to tell you!
As counterfeiters constantly bring forth new ideas, it is obviously impossible to see whether amber is real, but amber counterfeiting is nothing more than plastic, waste pressure (also known as second-generation amber) and Coba. First, if it is placed in saturated salt water (there is dissolved salt in the water, which is saturated and can no longer dissolve salt), the real amber will float. If not, it is plastic; Secondly, the effect of ultraviolet fluorescent lamp depends on whether the color is natural; The third is the feel, amber is not as slippery as plastic; The fourth is to look at the lines in amber (because some of them are pressed by waste materials, and they also have amber characteristics such as saltwater floating, color change under ultraviolet fluorescence, hand feeling, etc., because their properties are the same as those of amber stone, but they are only pressed, but they cannot be called amber in this international standard). However, because each amber is formed in a different year, there will be veins on the edge when pressed; The fifth method is to scrape the surface gently with a knife, and the real amber will have granular debris jumping out (this method is more suitable for the original stone, because no merchant will let you scrape his finished product); The sixth is to smell with fire. Amber has the fragrance of rosin because it is formed by the flowing things of pine plants, but unlike the new rosin, the plastic will only have a pungent plastic smell (this also applies to the original stone).
Judging from your picture, it's not very clear and it's not true. You can communicate with me if you have any questions. This is just my humble opinion. I hope I can help you. Please forgive my mistake, hehe ~
I know, so you know!