Stones you don't know.
Rock is a kind of natural mineral or glass aggregate with stable appearance, which is combined in a certain way. It is the material basis of the crust and upper mantle. According to the origin, it can be divided into magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Among them, magmatic rocks are rocks formed by high temperature condensation of molten magma on the surface or underground, also known as igneous rocks. Magmatic rocks ejected from the surface are called extrusive rocks or volcanic rocks, while those condensed underground are called intrusive rocks. Sedimentary rocks are the products of weathering, biological action and volcanism under surface conditions, and they are transported, deposited and consolidated by external forces such as water, air and glaciers. Metamorphic rocks are rocks formed by metamorphism due to changes in geological environment, which are formed by pre-existing magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks or metamorphic rocks.
The use of stones in life
Building materials: 1. Marble: Marble has a fine texture and is often used as a wall or floor. Because marble is metamorphic from limestone, the main component is calcium carbonate, so it is also the raw material for manufacturing cement. Marble is soft and delicate, and it is a good sculpture stone. Many famous statues are made of marble, such as the famous statue of Venus. Others, such as walls or decorations, are usually made of marble, such as vases, ashtrays, tables and other household items. 2. Granite: The native granite can only be seen in Kinmen, so almost all the old houses in Kinmen are granite. Granite used in temples in Taiwan Province Province, which comes from Fujian, is mostly used for dragon pillars, floor tiles and stone lions in temples. 3. Slate: Because slate is easy to crack into thin plates and easy to obtain in mountainous areas, the aborigines still use slate as building materials to build slate houses or fences. 4. Conglomerate: Some conglomerates contain pebbles and sand, with poor cementation and easy dispersion. For example, this kind of conglomerate is found in the Quaternary Touji mountain layer in western Taiwan, in which pebbles and sand are building materials.
Precious gems: If minerals are hard, rare, durable, transparent and beautiful in color, they are often used as decorations, generally called gems. Here is a brief introduction to the common gems: 1. Diamonds: commonly known as diamonds, there are many colors, such as light yellow, brown, white, blue, green, red, etc., among which colorless and transparent ones are the most valuable. 2. corundum: corundum also has many different colors, such as: red corundum is commonly known as ruby, and blue corundum is called sapphire. Its chemical composition is aluminum trioxide. 3. Opal: generally colorless or white, and some have special halo. 4. Crystal: Pure single crystal is called crystal, which has different colors due to different impurities, such as topaz and amethyst. The timely fibrous microcrystalline polymer is called chalcedony; The timely granular microcrystalline polymer is called flint, and these two minerals are important jade in Taitung County.
Refining metal: 1. Gold deposit: After weathering and erosion of Jin Yanshi, gold will be separated into natural gold, because gold is much heavier than sediment, and it is easy to precipitate into gold after elutriation. 2. Chalcopyrite: Chalcopyrite is the most important mineral for extracting copper. 3. Galena: Galena is lead-gray with cubic cleavage and is the most important lead-containing mineral. 4. Hematite: The appearance color of hematite is iron gray or reddish brown, and it is the most important iron-containing mineral. 5. Magnetite: Magnetite is an iron-containing mineral, which is magnetic and can adsorb iron-containing substances.
Pigment: Some minerals have special colors and can be used to make pigments, such as blue kyanite, green malachite and red cinnabar.
Other uses: 1. Timely: Timely is the main raw material for making glass and semiconductors. For example, quartz sand in Shangfuji sandstone in Wenshuixi, Miaoli County is the main material for making glass. 2. Calcite: Calcite exists in marble and limestone and is the main raw material for manufacturing cement. 3. Muscovite: Muscovite is often used as an insulator in electric heaters because of its non-conductivity, non-thermal conductivity and high melting point. 4. Graphite: with low hardness, oily luster and black stripes, it is often used to make pencil lead. In addition, graphite can also be made into lubricants, electrodes, crucibles, etc. 5. Sulfur: Hot springs in volcanic areas contain yellow sulfur. 6. Gypsum: Gypsum is generally used to fix fracture wounds or make statues, and is also used in the construction industry. 7. Apatite: used to make phosphate fertilizer for agriculture. 8. Serpentine: a component containing magnesium, which can be used in steel-making industry. 9. Talc: low hardness and satiny; It is usually ground into powder and used to make pigments, talcum powder, decontamination powder, cosmetics and so on.
After the above detailed introduction, have you re-recognized rocks, understood their true colors, and found that there are many rocks in life, and their shadows can be seen everywhere? No matter what form it takes, it is also closely related to our daily life. Whether it is used as building materials for our family, jewelry for decorative lights, or raw materials for medical devices, it has played too many roles. However, rocks come from our earth, so we should exercise restraint when taking them, and protect the circulation and continuation of the earth's resources. We can't ignore the ecological environment and maliciously develop and grab them, which will only harm ourselves.
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