(1) said direct reference.

For example:

It immediately reminds people of Yang Wanli's poem: "A strange man speaks with an umbrella, not to cover his head, but to make the wind."

(2) Highlight key points.

For example, contract workers have no freedom to "do" or "not do".

(3) Irony and negation.

For example: Do you want it to "live forever"? Several "kind" bosses went to the market to pick some leaves and dipped them in salt. This is their rare delicacy.

④ Represents a specific title.

For example, Chai Lubang is eager to cook porridge in a big pot.

⑤ Sometimes used to quote idioms, proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings, etc.

For example, Like the Spring Breeze in a Bath, well, it makes people laugh and work hard!

When using quotation marks, you should pay attention to:

(1) If there are quotation marks inside, use double quotation marks outside and single quotation marks inside: if there are quotation marks inside single quotation marks, use double quotation marks, and so on. For example:

Then (an aunt) explained, "When harvesting beans and sweet potatoes, we should fill them with appropriate fertilizers. Rou Xiang you run. As the saying goes,' eight pounds of meat and seven pounds of oil'. "

(2) If the quotation becomes a sentence independently, the meaning is complete, and the period at the end of the sentence is put in quotation marks.

For example, I think of a poem by Jia Dao in the Tang Dynasty: "But through all these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing?" ."

(3) The quotation is incomplete or the quotation is part of one's own words. At this point, the point at the end of the sentence (except the question mark and exclamation point) is placed outside the back quotation mark.

For example, when writing an article, we should "see the strangeness in plain words, the danger in common words, the novelty in old words and the color in plain words".

(4) If there are several paragraphs in the quotation, the front quotation mark should be used at the beginning of each paragraph, and the back quotation mark should not be used until the end of the last paragraph.

For example, the article "Fanka"

If you only say what others say and don't quote it as it is, then you don't need quotation marks.

Quotes have three functions:

A, indicating the quoted part. In order to distinguish it from the author's own words, the dialogue between characters in the article or the direct quotation of others' words (or articles) are all quoted. For example:

"Remember the revolution!" I remembered what he said before he died. Yes, remember the revolution! (Nocturnal Grass)

Here are two "Remember the Revolution". The first quote is a famous saying of the old Red Army. The second, without quotation marks, is the determination to express "I".

Second, indicate the specific title and the parts that need to be highlighted. When some words in an article have special meanings, they are often marked with quotation marks. For example:

Our "big dragonfly" has been flying steadily in the sky. (Flying a kite)

The quotation marks in the sentence indicate that it is not a real big dragonfly, but a kite shaped like a dragonfly. Another example is:

Silkworms are going up the mountain. (spring silkworm)

The word "going up the mountain" here is enclosed in quotation marks, which means that it has a specific meaning, especially when the silkworm climbs onto the straw and prepares to spin silk and cocoon.

3. Express irony or negation. For example:

One cannot lower one's noble head. Only those who are afraid of death beg for "freedom" (Two Poems by Revolutionary Martyrs)

The quotation marks here mean that the content expressed is denied, which means that this is not true freedom.

Indicates the object of emphasis. For example, the important feature of prose is "scattered in form but not in spirit". The so-called "form dispersion" mainly refers to the extensive and free use of materials in prose, which is not limited by time and space. The so-called "lingering" mainly comes from the conception of prose, that is, the central meaning it wants to express must be clear and concentrated; No matter how extensive the content is and how flexible the expression is, prose is all about expressing the central idea.

When quotation marks are used inside quotation marks, double quotation marks should be used outside and single quotation marks should be used inside. For example, I can confidently answer: "Friend, don't people say' silence speaks louder than words'?" Obviously, the sentence "Silence speaks louder than words" is a direct speech. In order to show the hierarchy, single quotation marks should be used. Look at two examples of applying single quotation marks in double quotation marks. Such as: (1) "Sir, what's wrong with the bug' strange'? ..... "(Lu Xun's" From a Hundred Herbs Garden to a Three-Pond Moon ") (2)" Do you believe it? I drove dozens of miles, picked pieces by hand, bought them by kilogram, and then pulled them back by car. That is our' North Sea'. " (Xiao Gan's "Jujube Nucleus") (Clear: Example 1 bug② with single quotation marks highlighting "strange" ② Single quotation marks highlighting the place name "Beihai")

1, evil bullets also threaten the delicate "flower of peace". (It means special meaning and needs to be emphasized)

Call him "special" because he loves fish so much that he forgets me. (indicating the object of emphasis)

When he was studying at school, his classmates called him a debater. (Table shows specific titles)

How can such a troubled river become the cradle of the Chinese nation? (Special questions mean no)

1. indicates the part of quotation 2. Specific title 3. Special meanings that need to be emphasized. Negation and irony. The object to be emphasized. Special question 7. The quotation of words.

The most basic usage of quotation marks is quotation, including direct quotation and indirect quotation. Direct speech is a complete record of what people say.

Use of dashes:

First, comment. describe

2. Progressive expression of meaning

The change of meaning means a sudden change of topic.

4. Express the continuation of sound or emotion.

Dash is a widely used label. Its main uses can be summarized as follows.

1. is used to explain or supplement the above contents. For example, "the Asian continent has the highest mountain system in the world-the Himalayas, and the highest mountain on earth-Mount Everest."

Parentheses also indicate explanations, but the explanations guided by dashes are part of the text and important information to read. The explanation in brackets is not the text, but a note. Without it, the integrity of the sentence will not be affected, and it is not necessary to read it in combination with the text.

If an explanation or supplementary sentence is inserted in the middle of a sentence, you can use dashes before and after it. For example, "In addition to the nine planets-Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto-there are 40 satellites and countless asteroids, comets and meteoroids in the solar system." "My intuition-though not always reliable-tells me that there may be something wrong."

2. Indicates the change of topic. For example, "My company in Zhuhai is doing very well. The boss is good to me, and the salary is quite high, more than 3 thousand a month! -Can I have a cigarette? "I told you about myself before the dash, and then suddenly turned to ask the other person something else.

3. It means that words are interrupted. For example, "'monitor, he died-'Pony burst into tears before he finished." "He's very old-(Dunn) he thought his mother had died." The dash in the above example means that the following words were not spoken. In the latter case, it means that the sentence is temporarily interrupted, paused, and then continued.

4. Indicates the prolongation of sound. For example, "Shun-Yamashita-shouts from the boys of our logging company came from the Woods."

5. It means to introduce the following. For example: "In an article entitled" On Integrity ",he summed up the historical path and realistic situation of China intellectuals since the May 4th Movement-"The little girl looks like her mother, and my heart is shaking. In front of my eyes, I saw the scene of living in Hu Aishu village ten years ago-"The following paragraph led by a dash is often another paragraph.

6. Used in front of subtitles. For example:

Language and philosophy

-A comparative study of contemporary philosophical traditions in Britain, America and Germany.

7. Used to indicate the author after the quotation. For example:

When spring comes, the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the river are brighter than red, and the green river is greener than the blue grass.

-Bai Juyi

Several usages of dashes:

A. express opinions. Explanation B. indicates the meaning of progress C. indicates the turning point D. indicates the prolongation of sound

1. As soon as the chopstick head goes in, the cheap red oil comes out ()

2. In fact, what is more worth mentioning is the vocal part-that is, the hawking of various vendors on the streets of Beijing ()

3. "Hey, wonton-the pot is boiling" ()

Distinguished guests, Master Zhang has three guests here-please come in! ( )

6. The other parts of Tolstoy's face-beard, eyebrows and hair-are just shells used to wrap and protect shiny jewels ()

7. She spelled the word "water" on my other hand. ()

8. "Ah, so that's it! -Are you warming up your homework now? " The teacher asked him. ()

Usage of dashes: 1 indicates comments; 2 indicates a turning point in meaning; 3 means the sound is prolonged. Which one should I choose? )

This is the last day of the year-New Year's Eve. ()

That's a pair of big slippers-so big that her mother always wears them. ()

Every window has lights, and the street smells of roast goose, because it is New Year's Eve-she can't forget this. ()

Ellipsis: 1. Quotations or quoted words are omitted;

2. Omission of repeated words;

3. List similar things and ordinal numbers's ellipsis;

4. Expressing silence or thinking;

5. The table speaks intermittently;

6. Predicative interruption;

7. The words are not finished, and the meaning is not finished.

Ellipsis is a common punctuation mark, which consists of six points and is written as:. It means "pause" because it has the same function as other punctuation marks. However, in addition, ellipsis has several specific meanings.

First, it means repetition of words or omission of enumerated contents.

1, he paid attention to counting the birds' calls: "One, two, three, four …" The ellipsis here means that the list is omitted, which means that there are still many birds' calls.

2. Woo-hoo-hoo, hoo-hoo ... The bus is in the station. The ellipsis in the sentence indicates the repetition of words, indicating that the train has been screaming monotonously until it enters the station.

Second, it means that the words are interrupted, the words are not finished or the meaning is endless.

1, "I, I have already eaten. It's a pity that I haven't finished eating the bowl ... ""No, I know everything. " These two paragraphs are selected from the golden hook. The old monitor in this article is loyal to the party's cause and gives himself up for others, which left a deep impression on us. This is a conversation between us when I found him eating the fishbone we left behind. The ellipsis here obviously refers to the interruption of words, that is, the extremely excited "I" interrupted the old monitor's excuse.

2. "No, you eat. You must leave the grass! When you meet the instructor, tell him that I didn't complete the task assigned to me by the party and didn't take good care of you. Look, you have all lost weight ... "This is a passage left by the old monitor before he died. Before he finished, he left with what he called eternal regret. The ellipsis tells this tragic scene. The old squad leader's sincerity to the party is beyond words, and the "fishhook" is also glowing with the light of "gold".

Third, it means to speak intermittently.

1, "me?" Sang Na turned pale and said, "I ... miscellaneous things ... the wind roared so fiercely that it was really scary. I am worried about you! " The use of ellipsis vividly depicts Sang Na's absent-minded expression, fear and nervousness when facing her husband's question.

2. Instructor Zhang looked at the bundle of books and said feebly, "You should study hard ... in the future ..." The use of ellipsis makes the image of an instructor who dares to sacrifice and has ardent expectations for the next generation of the motherland vivid.

Understanding these three specific meanings of ellipsis not only helps to improve our reading ability and clear its specific usage, but also helps to improve our writing ability, so that we can know what it is, why it is, and use it flexibly.

Besides ellipsis, ellipsis can be used in the following ways:

1, indicating silence, speechless:

Exodus: What? Aunt Mei's health can't stand the bumps on the road! Ouyang Ping: ...

2, table language interrupt:

The man in the robe asked, "This is my brother." The answer in the hat.

Dashes can also indicate language interruption, but there are differences between them: dashes indicate that the language stops suddenly, and ellipses indicate that the reverberation is lingering.

3. The predication is intermittent.

Example: My superior … sent me … to work here … and I … didn't … complete the task entrusted to me by my superior …

4, vague and awkward.

Exodus: I suddenly became timid and wanted to translate what I had said before. That's true, I don't know. Actually, I don't know if there is a soul. "

5, indicating that the meaning is still unfinished.

Example: "Shit! However ... "Fourth uncle said.

6, the words haven't finished, others have already said it.

Example: Kong Yiji opened his eyes wide and said, "How can you defile people's innocence out of thin air ..." "What innocence? I saw with my own eyes what book you stole and hung it up the day before yesterday. "

7. A leap in thinking.

Example: "Yes, yes! ..... There are four ways to write Huizi, do you know? "

"You should ... study hard ... in the future ..." The first two ellipses in this sentence indicate that you speak intermittently, and the third ellipsis means to omit. The so-called "implicit ellipsis" means that when writing, when a part of a sentence can contain a certain meaning, it is deliberately not written, but expressed by ellipsis, which can give readers a aftertaste and let them realize the meaning of being omitted. What is omitted after "future" in the above example is nothing more than "contributing to the four modernizations". The omission of this usage is not uncommon in primary school Chinese textbooks. For example:

△ I felt that there were 10,000 steel needles stuck in my throat, and I lost my voice and cried, "Old monitor, how did you ..." ("Golden Hook")

The ellipsis in this example omits the words "eating grass roots and fishbones left by the wounded and sick". Because this content has been explained above, readers who use ellipsis here can fully understand the meaning of ellipsis.