Fixed shear is a positioning shear, which refers to the first pruning of bonsai modeling to ensure that branches in different positions are retained and redundant branches are cut off. After the stumps excavated in Shan Ye were cultivated and survived, many branches sprouted. Most of the branches must be cut off, and the main branches needed for modeling are kept, which is called positioning scissors. After positioning cutting, the number and position of branches and the mutual distance between branches are determined, which directly affects the morphological beauty of tree bonsai. Therefore, before pruning, we should carefully consider trees modeling's form, the so-called "thinking ahead", and at the same time, we should be "confident" before cutting. Because the choice of branches depends on the establishment of tree landscape form. The reserved branches should grow healthily, and the thickness should be coordinated up and down, avoiding parallelism, symmetry and overlap as far as possible, so as to be dense and spread around the trunk, which has dynamic potential.

2. Shrinkage and shearing

Shrinkage pruning is a pruning method to shorten branches, and it is also an important means to maintain trees modeling and tree landscape. From the modeling point of view, the trees are dwarfed, the branches are plump, the thickness is measured up and down, and it is curved, so we should pay attention to three points in modeling:

1) The thickness transition ratio between the pruned trunk and the upper branches is appropriate;

2) When cutting, keep the direction and angle of bud eye and adjust the spatial position of new branches reasonably;

3) Pruning nodes should be short rather than long, the first node is longer than the second node, and the second node is longer than the third node. In terms of maintaining the tree landscape, most of the formed multi-leaf bonsai need to be pruned in the growing season every year to maintain a beautiful posture.

The forming bonsai of pine and cypress mainly depends on picking buds and cores to control the extra-long branches and keep the original appearance. However, for bonsai viewing flowers and fruits, different pruning methods should be adopted according to different growth habits. Such as crape myrtle, pomegranate, begonia and so on. Flowers and fruits on newly picked branches in that year can be reduced during dormancy, but not during growth. Spring jasmine, plum blossom and peach blossom that bloom in early spring should be pruned after flowering, which can promote the formation of fruit branches in the following year. The foliage bonsai can be shrunk and cut twice in early summer and early autumn, and it can be cut hard during dormancy to remove all kinds of bogey branches. There are many flowers and fruits on the short branches of pyracantha fortuneana and Ilex cornuta. In addition to strong pruning during dormancy, we can also shrink the long branches in late spring and early summer, and apply thin fertilizer frequently to increase light, so as to promote them to produce short branches in summer and autumn, and increase the amount of flowers and fruits. Short branches should be properly reserved for strong pruning during dormancy to ensure flowering and fruiting in the next year.

3, refinement

The thinning time varies according to the difference between strong cutting and weak cutting. During the growing period, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, which can be cut weakly at any time, but it is not suitable for strong cutting. Tree species with strong germination ability, such as brome and elm. , can avoid the rainy season, strong cutting. After cutting, we should reduce the amount of watering, apply thin fertilizer frequently and strengthen the light. Under normal circumstances, the amount of thinning at the top of trees can be larger, and the amount of thinning at the bottom can be smaller, because the branches below are more difficult to grow. The objects of refinement are mainly various branches and too dense branches. Under the condition that the upper and lower branches are equally important, try to keep cutting, so that the crown volume of the upper branch is smaller than that of the lower branch. After thinning, the crown growth is inhibited, and many new branches will sprout, which should be cut off in time. Pruning methods include bud smearing, core removal, leaf picking and other measures:

1) Bud wiping: Among bonsai trees, trees with strong germination ability germinate more and faster in the growing season, and all unnecessary buds, including root buds, dry buds and axillary buds, should be erased in time. At the same time, pay attention to the direction, position and density of reserved buds. In order to avoid sprouting fork branches, opposite branches and overlapping branches, which will affect the beauty of the tree.

2) Picking the core: that is, picking the tender head of the new shoot in the growth period of the tree, inhibiting the new shoot from being too long, promoting the growth of the lateral branches, and shortening the branches to keep the tree beautiful. Different tree species have different germination periods and different coring time. The foliage bonsai can be picked when 2-4 new leaves are unfolded. The bonsai of flowers and fruits should be mastered flexibly according to different flower and fruit periods. Core picking can stimulate the growth of lateral branches and increase the flowering amount.

3) Leaf picking: Proper leaf picking can shrink the leaves and improve the ornamental value of bonsai. Some people call this method "stripping for brocade". Generally speaking, the new leaves sprouted by trees in spring are the most attractive. With the passage of the season and the exposure in summer, the original leaves are bright and colorful, and gradually become old-fashioned. By picking leaves, you can send out fresh new leaves again, increasing the best viewing effect. Some old piles have withered iron branches and towering iron bones, and the new leaves are as green as blue-green, and spring is full of vitality. The time of picking leaves varies with tree species, and leafy trees can pick leaves in early summer or early autumn. Evergreen trees are not suitable for picking leaves. When picking leaves, water should be properly withheld, and the soil in the basin should not be too wet. In addition, the rotten cakes should be fertilized frequently, and ventilation and light should be strengthened to promote the germination of new leaves.