Nanjing Folk Festivals: The "Jinling Lantern Festival" held in Confucius Temple every year from the first to the eighteenth day of the first lunar month of the lunar calendar began in the Six Dynasties, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has endured for a long time. Every year from February 28th to March 18th, when the plum blossoms are in full bloom, the "Nanjing International Plum Blossom Festival" is held - Meihua Mountain in the eastern suburbs is one of the four major plum blossom viewing spots in China. In addition, some unique folk activities in Nanjing include "Climbing the City Head" on the 16th day of the first lunar month, "Shangsi Festival" on the 3rd day of March, "Suburban Temple Fair" on the 8th day of April, as well as the Beginning of Summer, Beginning of Autumn, Double Ninth Festival, Winter Solstice and New Year's Eve. Distinctive. It’s also a great treat to be lucky enough to spend a festival here! Jinling Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, also called Lantern Festival or Shangyuan Festival. The Nanjing Lantern Festival lasts for 10 days. The lanterns are put on on the eighth day of the lunar month and turned off on the eighteenth day of the lunar month. The Lantern Festival was the most prosperous in the Ming Dynasty. From Daqiao to Pingshi Street, there were many colorful fishes and dragons. At that time, people of all ages will watch the lanterns, and the streets will be empty. Later, the centralized lantern hanging area was moved to the Confucius Temple area, and this area is still very lively every Lantern Festival. In the old days, the emphasis on "lighting up the Lantern Festival and putting down the lantern noodles" refers to the food custom during the Lantern Festival in Nanjing. Plum Blossom Festival Among the folk festivals in Nanjing, the most noteworthy is the Plum Blossom Festival held in late February every year. It is one of the most lively festivals in Nanjing. At this time of year, when the plum blossoms are in full bloom, it can be said to be the happiest day for Nanjing people. At that time, thousands of plum blossoms are in full bloom on Meihua Mountain in the eastern suburbs. Thousands of Nanjing people flock to Meihua Mountain to enjoy the flowers and view the scenery. Zhongshan The sea of ??thousands of people and the fragrance of flowers can be seen at your feet, which is a spectacular sight. Climbing the City Head Climbing the City Head is on the sixteenth day of the first lunar month. On this day every year, Nanjing people go to the city with their families or friends to see the sights. As the saying goes, it is called "walking away from all diseases" and "stepping into peace". In the past, tourists mainly climbed the four gates of Sanshan, Shicheng, Jubao (Zhonghua) and Tongji. Now only the Jubao Gate (Zhonghua Gate) can be climbed. In the first month of the year in Nanjing, the weather is sunny again. Going out for a walk to change the fresh air and refresh the spirit is not without benefit to the body. Shangsi Festival Shangsi Festival falls on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar. There is a folk song in Nanjing: "On March 3rd, the shepherd's purse flowers compete with the peonies. If a woman doesn't wear one, she has no money to use it. If a woman wears it, the warehouse will be full of grain." On this day, people pick the shepherd's purse flowers and boil eggs. Legend has it that it can cure headaches. The Shangsi Festival began in the Six Dynasties and the Eastern Jin Dynasty. People hung shepherd's purse flowers on doors, stoves or beds, and women wore shepherd's purse flowers on their heads to ward off disasters. Nanjing’s New Year customs: Seeking auspiciousness, asking for top prizes, and looking forward to the coming year. Wang Yongjian (Consultant of the Municipal Ethnic and Folk Culture Protection Project Center): The Spring Festival in old Nanjing can be summarized in three sentences and nine words: Seeking auspiciousness, asking for top prizes, and looking forward to the coming year. On New Year's Eve, old Nanjing people worship their ancestors, stay up late on New Year's Eve, have New Year's Eve dinner, etc. When staying up late, one eats a kind of sweet soup, also called Fushou soup. This soup is made from red dates, lotus seeds, water chestnuts, etc., and it means "increasing happiness and longevity". It is not a tradition for Nanjing people to eat dumplings on the first day of the new year. Instead, they eat "Yuanbao eggs" (tea eggs). When guests come, they must eat one. In addition, guests should be served a bowl of sugar water with a "happy dumpling" in it (glutinous rice flour is steamed, dried, and rolled into a ball), which means sweetness and joy. The busy New Year starts on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month Zhou Ailing (President of Jiangxinzhou Tourism Chamber of Commerce): We in Jiangxinzhou start the busy New Year on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month. Fried radish dumplings, tofu dumplings, making rice cakes, steaming steamed buns, and preparing various dishes, I was busy until New Year's Eve. During the Chinese New Year in Jiangxinzhou, fish is a must-have for every household. On the evening of the 30th, two crucian carp and two silver carp were to be cooked. The cooked fish is placed on the box table at home and can be eaten after the Lantern Festival. In addition, each family must buy at least 8 live crucian carps and raise them, which means there will be more fish (surplus) every year. Starting at noon on New Year’s Eve, every family cleans their doors and windows and puts up Spring Festival couplets and window grilles. Then there is worshiping ancestors, setting off firecrackers, eating New Year's Eve dinner, making dumplings, and watching the New Year's Eve. Every township and every town has dragon lanterns. Rui Jinggui (member of the Dragon Lantern Club in Helinfang Village, Honglan Town, Lishui County): In Lishui, during the Chinese New Year, every township and town has the custom of dragon lanterns. We have a dragon lantern that is 40 meters long and has 18 knots. It requires 60 people to dance together. These 60 people are found in every family in the village, and they are all passed down from the previous generation. Wang Yongjian: Lishui is the hometown of dragon lanterns in Nanjing. There are dozens of dragon lanterns. The largest dragon lantern is several hundred meters long and is the largest dragon in the south of the Yangtze River. This dragon lantern has to wait until the water in Shijiu Lake dries up before it can dance on the lake bed. The scene is very spectacular. According to custom, no (dragon) lanterns are lit on the seventh day of the lunar month, and lanterns are only lit on the eighth day of the lunar month. The traditional custom of lighting lanterns on the eighteenth day has been since ancient times. "The wealth of the world comes from the southeast, and Jinling is where it is." Nanjing has been a city for ten generations. It is popular in the southeast and has the characteristics of urban atmosphere, with profound cultural connotation, revealing a bit of elegance, heroism, elegance and grace. The Spring Festival used to be called New Year's Day, commonly known as the Chinese New Year. People in Nanjing put up Spring Festival couplets or door gods on their doors during the New Year, wear new clothes and hats, and some literati put up a picture of a chicken on their door, which means "the rooster and the sun grow together". It is something other places don’t have. Tusu wine must be drank on the morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year. Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty visited Jiangning Mansion three times as the prime minister, and sang in a poem: "The sound of firecrackers is heard, and the spring breeze brings warmth to Tusu. "This custom began in the Southern Dynasties. For thousands of years, Nanjing people have been drinking it, and a set of rules has been formed: when the sun rises, face the east and "drink in order from youngest to oldest." The younger ones drink first, and the older ones drink later. , which means the sun is rising in the east, and the sun is rising. From the morning, relatives and friends come to greet the New Year. When the guests arrive, they greet each other with refreshments and two ingot eggs, which are said to be "ingots". , wishing each other "good luck and prosperity", offering tea and cigarettes, and treating each other with fashionable pastries.

Lantern Festival Lantern Festival The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the first full moon night of the year in the lunar calendar. It is called Yuan Ye. Night and Xiao are synonymous, so it is called Yuan Xiao. The Lantern Festival originally started as a sacrifice, and has gradually evolved into a grand, lively and colorful entertainment festival. In ancient times, it was one day, in the Tang Dynasty it was three days from the sixteenth to the eighteenth day; in the Song Dynasty it was fourteenth to eighteenth, five days; in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang was emperor in Nanjing and extended the Lantern Festival to ten days, that is, from the eighth day to the tenth day of the lunar month. The lights go off on the seventh or eighteenth day. Food has also changed from eating bean porridge to eating Yuanxiao (glutinous rice balls). There is a custom in Nanjing of "lighting up the Lantern Festival and putting down the Lantern Festival". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Nanjing Lantern Festival had the custom of playing with dragon lanterns and hanging gauze lanterns. Dragon lanterns are not only played by ordinary people, but also by soldiers. The length is also unmatched by other places. The short ones are more than ten feet long, and the long ones are more than a hundred knots. There can be hundreds of people playing. The gauze lanterns are covered with gauze and silk, and famous people have painted on them. The more skilled the artist, the higher the value. Merchants will also hold lantern riddle guessing activities in front of their stores to attract many tourists, and those who guess correctly will win prizes for the items sold. There is a kind of "walking horse lantern" pioneered by Nanjing people. It is covered with a lantern and candles are lit inside. It uses the principle of thermal expansion of air to drive the lamp surface to rotate. The lamp surface is painted with galloping horses in various postures, just like ten thousand horses galloping. British scholar Joseph Needham called it an invention of ancient Chinese. The dragon lanterns are majestic and the gauze lanterns are exquisite. They are colorful and all things compete with each other, attracting long-term residents and guests to come out of the city, singing and laughing. "Under the bright moon in the shadow of silver candles, we are all people walking on the lanterns when we meet." In recent decades, the Lantern Festival Lantern Festival in Confucius Temple has become more and more prosperous. It uses new technology, new materials, sound and light electronic control, and is colorful, lifelike, and dazzling. The lantern festival starts from the Spring Festival and lasts for one month. During this period, it attracted as many as 200,000 to 300,000 tourists from all over the world every day. Tomb-Sweeping Day Outing Since ancient times, the Tomb-Sweeping Festival has been valued by the courts and people of all ages due to the custom of sweeping tombs and worshiping ancestors. Folks will visit the graves to offer sacrifices, sweep them, burn paper, dig up grave caps, and insert willows to express their sincere thoughts of pursuing the future. They also bring refreshments to the grave visitors' doors. The grave visitors also leave tea and rice for them, calling each other "the grave's relative's home". At this time, spring is bright, and men and women take this opportunity to go to Niushou Mountain, Yuhuatai, and Meihua Mountain in the suburbs to "bring wine and travel in the mountains, which is called an outing." There is a proverb that says "the head of a spring cow". In recent years, Niushou Mountain has been renovated and added attractions, and is connected with the newly developed Jiangjun Mountain nearby, making it an excellent place for tourists to enjoy the natural scenery of the countryside. In addition, Yuhuatai in the south of the city and Meihua Mountain in the eastern suburbs are also popular places for tourists. In the past ten years, Meihua Mountain has built thousands of acres of plum gardens and also hosted the International Plum Blossom Festival. Every time the spring shines brightly, thousands of flowers are blooming, the clouds are steaming, and the faint fragrance floats, men and women stand shoulder to shoulder, intoxicated in the sea of ??fragrant snow and never forget to leave. Touring Qinhuai during the Dragon Boat Festival The fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar is called the Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang. On this day, Nanjing people like to eat rice dumplings, mung bean cakes, "fried five poisons" (stir-fried with whitebait, dried shrimps, water chives, leeks, and black dried beans), amaranth and realgar beans, and drink realgar and calamus wine to avoid disasters. . Washing your eyes with water that has been exposed to the sun is called "breaking the fire eyes", and it is said that you can avoid eye diseases for a year. They also used calamus and mugwort leaves to sprinkle water on the ground and then inserted them into the lintel of the door to "ward off disasters". Hang the image of Zhong Kui and the five poisons (toad, poisonous snake, scorpion, centipede and gecko) engraved by the alchemist to "drive away ghosts and avoid evil". Children wear five-color silk ribbons around their necks, with salted duck eggs in the ribbons; their arms are tied with a silk ribbon made of five-color silk, called the "thread of longevity"; they wear tiger-head shoes, wear a tiger-head shawl on their backs, and use realgar wine to draw the Chinese character "王" on their foreheads. Women also wear colorful tiger flowers on their temples. After lunch, the whole family went to Confucius Temple to watch the Qinhuai River dragon boat race. There have always been "three gangs" of dragon boats in Jinling, including the river gang, the river gang and the wooden gang. The dragon boats are so numerous and large in scale that they are rare elsewhere. Each boat is decorated with colorful kites; children pretend to be characters from the opera and play various games on them. When the boats pass by, people on the riverbank throw silver horns, copper coins or let goose and ducks fly for the dragon boats for fun, which is called "winning the bid". On the shore, male and female ants gathered together, the clouds were like clouds, the golden drums were beating together, and the cheers were thunderous. Wealthy people also rent cruise ships in advance to enjoy the sights. Qinhuai cruises emerged from the Tang Dynasty and flourished from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the early Republic of China. The painted boats, flutes and drums, the sound of oars and the shadows of lights are a dazzling and beautiful scenery on the Qinhuai River. This is vividly described in Gu Qiyuan's "Guest Words", Kong Shangren's "Peach Blossom Fan" and Yu Huai's "Banqiao Miscellaneous Notes". In the past 20 years, the Qinhuai River has been vigorously renovated, the water has been changed regularly, and painted boats have been added, creating a pleasant scenery. At night, thousands of lights on both sides of the Qinhuai River are colorful and colorful. When tourists are on a cruise ship, the ship passes by in the scenery and people walk in the painting, which gives them a unique taste. The full moon of the Mid-Autumn Festival touches the autumn. The Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th is also called the August Festival in Jiangnan. This night, there is a full moon in the sky and a full moon in the world. Even if you are away from home, you have to rush home to reunite. Nanjing people like to enjoy the moon with their families, which is called "Celebrating Reunion", sitting together and drinking together is called "Full Moon", and going out to the market is called "Walking on the Moon". In the early Ming Dynasty, there were the Moon Tower and the Wanyue Bridge, and in the Qing Dynasty there was the Chaoyue Tower under the Lion Rock. They were both places for tourists to admire the moon, and the Wanyue Bridge was the most popular. Wanyue Bridge is located in Qinhuai, Henan of Confucius Temple, where the old courtyard is located. Next to the bridge is the residence of Ma Xianglan, a famous prostitute. At that night, scholars gathered at the bridgehead to play and sing, and wrote poems to the moon, so the bridge was called Wanyue Bridge. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, it gradually declined. There is a poem by later generations: "Fengliu Nanqu has been sold out, leaving the West Wind Long Banqiao, but I remember the jade man sitting on the bridge, the moon is facing each other and teaching me to play the flute." Long Banqiao, that is, the long Banqiao. Originally Wan Yueqiao. After the Qing Dynasty, people still worshiped the moon, displayed fresh fruits and moon cakes, burned incense sticks (the incense sticks were tied like a tower, with paper buckets on top, called incense sticks), told the story of "Chang'e Flying to the Moon", and then shared the food. moon cake. Mooncakes were sold in Guabu as "Laiyue", and during the Republic of China, "Jinling cakes" were the best. On this night, it is the custom of Nanjing women to "touch" the melons and beans in the Jasmine Garden (to have fun by touching and "stealing" the melons and fruits). It is a good idea for men to get the melons and beans. This game has been popular for a long time.

In the past 20 years, people have attached great importance to the Mid-Autumn Festival. They go to Taicheng to enjoy the moon, or go boating on the Qinhuai River in Xuanwu Lake and Confucius Temple to enjoy the moon. It is quite popular to buy mooncakes by yourself or give them as gifts from work units, which brings good feelings to each other on the night of the full moon. The Double Ninth Festival is held on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month in the lunar calendar. Since both the month and the day are Yang numbers, it is called the Double Ninth Festival. Historically, people in Jiankang (now Nanjing) went out to climb mountains on this day, forming a "climbing party." This custom originated from a weird and bizarre legend about avoiding evil, which is detailed in "Xu Qixie Ji" written by Wu Jun, a Liang native in the Southern Dynasties. From the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the custom of Double Ninth Festival in Jiankang was still flourishing. At that time, I lived in the south of the city and climbed the Yuhuatai, in the middle of the city I climbed the North Pole Pavilion, and in the north of the city I climbed Mufu Mountain, of which Mufu Mountain was the most famous. There was a pavilion built on this mountain during the Han Dynasty. Legend has it that the horse turned into a dragon when Emperor Jin and Yuan crossed the river, so he named the pavilion the "Hualong Pavilion". There is an ancient Liang Damo cave on the side of the mountain, and there are many tourists, forming the custom of "climbing the shogunate". In the 10th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1805), it was initiated by prefect Hu Lanchuan (the prefect of Jiangning) and other county officials and social celebrities. Youzhijun and Fujun took charge of the task of building the "Wangjiang Tower" on the mountain, which lit up the night and served as a navigation beacon. , you can also enjoy the beautiful scenery, and it is praised as a good deed by people near and far. During the Double Ninth Festival, Nanjing people like to eat Double Ninth Cake, "which can be made with flour or flour, or wrapped in meat and cooked with flour, which is called camel's hoof." They drink chrysanthemum wine, admire chrysanthemums, and make Double Ninth flags to give to their children. On this day, a daughter must marry. Sending flags and fresh food boxes is called "Double Ninth Festival Box". Nowadays, people happily climb high during the Double Ninth Festival, not to avoid evil spirits, but to appreciate the majestic rivers and mountains of the motherland and the new construction, which gives them a sense of comfort. Today's Four Seasons Tourism Festival Spring·Nanjing International Plum Blossom Festival Plum blossoms are the city flower of Nanjing. Exploring and appreciating plum blossoms is a folk custom in Nanjing that has not declined since the Six Dynasties. Nowadays, there are plum blossom temples in Nanjing’s Pearl Spring, Fujiabian, Gulin Park and other places, among which Meihua Mountain is the best. Every year from the end of February to mid-March, Nanjing holds the International Plum Blossom Festival, with as many as 400,000 people attending the main venue at Meihua Mountain. Summer·Jiangxinzhou Grape Festival Jiangxinzhou, an island in the Yangtze River southwest of Nanjing, has beautiful scenery and beautiful scenery. Every July to August, thousands of acres of vineyards on the island are full of fruits. Visitors can go to the island to view the scenery of the river, enjoy the natural oxygen bar, and enjoy the wild fun of picking grapes. Autumn Nanjing Yuhua Stone Art Festival Yuhua Stone is one of the landmarks of Nanjing. In September of the golden autumn, a series of activities such as "Raining Flowers from the Sky" performance, Yuhua Stone Exhibition, seminars, and quarrying tours will be held in Yuhuatai Scenic Area. Liuhe County, where Yuhua Stone is produced, also held branch activities. Winter ·Listening to the Bells to Welcome the New Year The activity of listening to the bells to welcome the New Year is usually held at the Bell Tower of Qixia Temple. The master of the temple chanted sutras and prayed for peace and wished peace to the people, and then the host and the guest representatives rang the bronze bell 108 times. The whole place was filled with a peaceful and festive atmosphere. Linggu Osmanthus Festival Located in the Zhongshan Cemetery Scenic Area, Linggu Osmanthus Garden is the largest osmanthus garden in the country covering an area of ??1,700 acres and planting nearly 20,000 osmanthus trees. Every September when the fragrant osmanthus blooms, the flourishing flowers attract many tourists to Linggu Temple to enjoy the autumn osmanthus. The Gaochun Crab Festival is held every year from September 30 to October 6. It has become a custom for Nanjing people to "go to Gaochun, taste crabs, see the Giant Buddha, and visit the old streets." The three major scenic spots of Gaochun Old Street, Youzi Mountain and Yinghu Taoyuan will also hold activities such as opera, lanterns, martial arts, dragon boat performances, ten thousand crabs, and bonfire parties, which will make Chinese and foreign tourists linger. Pukou Eco-tourism Festival Known as ten-mile hot springs, hundreds of miles of old mountains, and thousands of miles of ginkgo, the Pukou Eco-tourism Festival is a tourism festival that integrates appreciation, participation, and fun. Through a series of activities such as the Water Splashing Festival, the Folk Culture Festival, and the Mountaineering and BBQ Festival, people can fully experience the natural ecological beauty of "mountains, water, green, and air".

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