Cultivation methods and matters needing attention of Dahlia.
1. Cuttings with Key Buds in Potted Plants
For cuttings with buds, the understanding is as follows: when buds have formed on plants but have not yet appeared, cuttings should be taken only when buds can be seen in split leaves. The time to pick branches should be sooner rather than later. If the flower branches have germinated, the surviving flowers are small and not gorgeous, which does not reflect the characteristics of the varieties.
In order to strive for the best cutting time (the temperature does not exceed 25℃), the mother plant should be cultivated in advance. If possible, it can be used to accelerate germination in greenhouse, cultivate seedlings in pot, plant underground after the final frost, strengthen management, and provide branches with buds when the temperature is suitable for cutting. The cutting temperature range is10-30℃; The optimum temperature of hair root is 65438 08 ~ 22℃; When the temperature exceeds 30℃, the cuttings are easy to rot.
2. Dahlia cultivation methods and matters needing attention
Combined with the local climatic conditions and the characteristics of cultivated varieties, the time for cultivating mother plants can be decided. The cutting temperature should be low rather than high. Low temperature only prolongs the survival time, while high temperature leads to white rotten strips. If the temperature is suitable (18 ~ 22℃), it can take root and survive in about 20 days. Put the pot in time after survival, and the diameter of the pot is 15- 15 cm.
Be careful not to hurt your roots when you go to the basin. The whole pot can be poured out, washed and planted separately. The inserted plants can be watered thoroughly, and the seedlings can be taken with water. Put the upper pot in the shade for 3 ~ 5 days (pay attention to spraying water on the leaves), and then move it to a sunny and well-ventilated place for culture.
The key to the growth of potted Dahlia lies in strengthening the management of potted soil, giving sufficient light, watering and fertilizing frequently, and managing plastic pruning in time.
3. Watershed soil management
Dahlia is suitable for loose sandy loam with rich humus and good drainage. Generally, the soil for planting potted dahlias is cultivated soil made of vegetable garden soil (50%), humus soil (20%), sandy soil (20%) and dry manure (10%). The hardened soil is easy to cause waterlogging and root rot, so it cannot be used. In daily management, the soil should be loosened in time to eliminate the accumulated water in the basin. Dahlia's fleshy roots, too much water in the soil, will cause poor air permeability, and then rot.
lamplight
Dahlias like light, but they are not tolerant of shade. If it is kept in the shade for a long time, it will grow poorly, resulting in weak roots, thin leaves and thin stems, light flowers and even no flowers. Therefore, potted dahlias should be placed in sunny places, and the daily illumination should be more than 6 hours, so that the plants can be strong and the flowers can be huge and full. If the sunshine is less than 4 hours a day, the branches of stems and leaves and the formation of flower buds will be affected to some extent, especially in the case of rainy and light, flowers will not bloom smoothly, and the stems and leaves will grow badly and get sick easily.
water
Dahlia love the water, but very taboo water. It is afraid of both waterlogging and drought. This is because big flowers are fleshy roots, and if they are watered too much, they will rot easily. However, Dahlia is luxuriant in foliage and evaporation, and needs a lot of water. If they fail to replenish water in time after wilting due to lack of water, and then exposed to the sun, the edges of the leaves will be scorched, and in severe cases, the leaves at the base will fall off.
Therefore, the principle of "dry and thorough watering" should be mastered in watering. Generally, in the early stage of growth, the water demand is limited, and it can be watered once a day on sunny days to keep the soil slightly wet. Too dry and too wet is not appropriate. In the late growth stage, the branches and leaves are luxuriant and consume more water. It is sunny or windy. Note that it is easy to lack water at noon or at night, and the amount of watering should be increased appropriately.
6. Appropriate fertilization
Dahlia is a kind of fertilizer-loving flower. Generally, dilute liquid fertilizer is applied once a day from seedling stage to 10- 15. Apply once every 7- 10 days after germination. When the buds are completely colored, stop watering. Fertilization is not suitable when the temperature is high. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the growth of plants.
Bare leaves are a phenomenon of lack of fertilizer; On the other hand, if fertilization is excessive, the leaves will be brown at the edge or yellow at the tip, and the leaves will be thick and dark green, which is a suitable manifestation of fertilization. It is required to increase the concentration of fertilization every time, so that the stem can become strong.
7。 Shaping and pruning
The pruning of potted dahlias should be flexibly mastered according to the varieties. Generally, large varieties use single shaping, and medium varieties use four shaping. The unique plastic surgery is to keep the terminal bud, remove all the fu-organ buds, concentrate nutrition, and form a unique dahlia with low plants and big flowers.
8. Insert poles to support plants
Dahlia's stems are hollow and fragile, especially easy to be blown down and broken by the wind. It is necessary to insert bamboo support in time, which can also avoid the growth and bending of branches and improve the ornamental value of potted plants. When the plant grows to more than 30 cm, insert a small bamboo next to each branch and bind it with hemp thread (or string); As the plant grows taller, the longer bamboo cuttings should be replaced in time, and the last inserted bamboo should be placed at the lower part of the bud.
Nine species of plants overwinter.
The roots of dahlias cannot be frozen. In June165438+1October, after the branches and leaves wither, the aboveground parts should be cut off, moved indoors and preserved in the original pot. You can also take out the root tuber and air it for 1-2 days, then bury it in indoor wet sand with the temperature not exceeding 5 degrees, and then plant it in a pot in the next spring.