Cultivation of strong seedlings of spring tomato in open field ⅰ. Seed selection
Before sowing, we usually choose high-quality tomato varieties suitable for local climate and soil for seedling cultivation. High-quality tomato seeds can not only improve the germination rate of seeds, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the later stage of tomato growth.
Second, soaking seeds to accelerate germination.
After selecting suitable tomato seeds, soak them in warm water at 50 ~ 55℃ for 3 days before sowing. During the soaking process, the seeds are constantly stirred. When the water temperature drops to about 30℃, there is no need to stir at this time. Then let the seeds soak in warm water for about 4 hours, then take out the tomato seeds, then spread them out to dry, then wrap them in clean and hygienic wet gauze and put them in an environment of 25℃.
Third, prepare the seedbed
Seedling raising of spring tomato in open field is generally carried out in sunny bed. The sowing and seedling raising time of spring tomato is generally in mid-February, and the suitable seedling age of spring tomato is generally 60 ~ 70 days. Therefore, when preparing the seedbed, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer first, so that tomato seeds can have sufficient nutrients when growing and developing, which can make the seeds germinate better.
After applying sufficient base fertilizer, soil preparation should be carried out to make beds. After the seedbed is completed, plastic film should be covered on the seedbed five days before sowing, and grass mats should be laid on the seedbed at night, which can increase the temperature of the seedbed and help the seeds germinate better after sowing.
Fourth, sow and raise seedlings.
After the seeds germinate, before sowing, uncover the plastic film on the sunny bed, and then pour the water from the soles of the feet on the seedbed. After the water seeps down, mix the seeds with the fine wet soil, and then spread the seeds evenly on the seedbed.
After sowing, cover the seedbed with a layer of fine soil about 1.5cm thick, and then cover it with plastic film. Generally, it is not ventilated before the seeds emerge. At this time, the seedbed temperature should be controlled at 25 ~ 30 degrees. When most seeds emerge, the seedbed should be ventilated and cooled in time to prevent the seedlings from growing in vain. At this time, the daytime temperature is generally around 20 degrees, and the nighttime temperature is generally around 15℃.
Fifth, divide the seedlings.
When the sown tomato seedlings grow 2 ~ 3 real leaves, they will be divided into seedlings. The time for dividing seedlings is generally sunny and the temperature is relatively warm. Seedling spacing is generally 10cm× 10cm. After the seedlings are separated, plastic film should be covered at this time. In about 4 days, the seedlings will generally resume growth, and then they will be needed. Generally, before planting 10 day, the seedlings are watered and cut into pieces in good weather, and the ventilation time is gradually increased for low-temperature exercise to adapt to the growing environment after planting.
Planting spring tomato 1, site selection: when planting tomato, choose a plot with rich organic matter, deep soil layer, good soil structure, loose and breathable, and no continuous cropping. This is beneficial to the growth of tomatoes in the later stage.
2. Soil preparation: When selecting a good plot for soil preparation, first apply high-quality farmyard manure, generally 5000 kilograms of ring manure per mu, and then dig the soil deeply, generally about 30 centimeters deep. After 3-5 days of drying, the deeply turned soil will be leveled and raked. Then make a border, which is generally about 1.5 meters wide.
3. Planting: The planting time of spring tomatoes in the open field is generally after the late frost and when the weather is not so cold. When planting, the border with the width of 1.5 meters is usually planted in 4 rows, and the spacing between plants is about 30 cm.
Tomatoes like fertilizer. If conditions permit, you can first ditch in the border, apply decomposed cake fertilizer 100kg per mu, and then mix the soil and fertilizer together. At this time, planting can be carried out, and sufficient root water should be poured after planting, which is beneficial to the root growth of tomato seedlings and improves the survival rate.
4. Fertilizer and water management: Tomato is a fertilizer-loving crop. When planting tomatoes, high-quality farmyard manure should be applied first. In the process of tomato growth, the occurrence of tomato diseases can generally be reduced by applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer properly and controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. When the soil is dry, water the tomatoes in time to keep the soil moist, so as to prevent the tomatoes from being affected by water shortage.
Pests and diseases control tomato diseases generally includes physiological diseases and fungal diseases.
1, Physiological diseases: Physiological diseases of tomato include navel rot, tendon rot, empty fruit, deformed fruit, physiological leaf curl and so on.
2. Fungal diseases: Fungal diseases of tomato include leaf mold, early blight, late blight and gray mold.
3. Control methods: In the process of tomato planting, high-quality varieties with good disease resistance and disease tolerance should be selected for planting. Disinfect the seeds before sowing, rotate them reasonably, dig deep into the soil to dry before planting, and prepare the soil and rake it flat after applying sufficient base fertilizer.
When planting, it should be planted reasonably close. During the growth of tomato, we should do a good job in fertilizer and water management, apply more organic fertilizer and apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer reasonably to prevent the plant from growing too fast.
In the process of tomato plant growth, plant adjustment should also be carried out to enhance ventilation in the field to avoid excessive temperature and humidity in the field, which can generally reduce the occurrence of diseases.
In short, when spring tomatoes are planted in the open field, they are usually transplanted in the middle and late February after sowing and seedling raising in the sunny bed. In the process of tomato growth, field management and pest control should be strengthened.