Analysis:
Red currant is cold-resistant and light-loving, and can safely overwinter and grow and develop in western Liaoning without any cold-proof measures.
Normal.
It is suitable to grow on deep and fertile neutral or slightly acidic soil, sandy loam, humus and other soils, and can also grow on relative clay.
Beihai has a subtropical maritime monsoon climate.
There is no cold in winter and no heat in summer. It's really warm in winter and cool in summer.
There are abundant temperature, light and rain resources here, and the climate is pleasant. The annual average temperature is 22.9℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 37.65438 0℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is 2℃.
The average annual rainfall is1670mm.
The annual average sunshine hours are 2009 hours, and the annual average total solar radiation is11/kcal/cm2.
The topography of the North Sea inclines from north to south, with hills in the northeast and northwest, platforms and plains on the southern coast.
Urban coastal plain land accounts for more than 70% of the total area, and the soil quality is composed of sandy clay and gravel, with stable stratum structure and strong bearing capacity, generally18 ~ 25t /m2.
So in terms of soil and climate, some areas are suitable for growth.
Training points:
Garden selection: gooseberry likes neutral to slightly acidic soil, and grows well on loose fertile soil with deep soil layer and rich humus. Saline-alkali soil and albic soil are not suitable for planting.
The garden had better be flat and sunny. It is more suitable to use gentle slope land with the slope not exceeding 10 degree on the hillside.
Planting: the planting time can be carried out in spring and autumn.
It can be planted in spring after the soil is thawed, preferably in early April.
In autumn, sow seeds immediately after emergence, water and irrigate them, and then bury them underground to prevent cold. Planting in autumn can save the process of storing seedlings, germinate early in early spring, have high survival rate and strong growth.
Before planting, planting holes should be dug, the hole size is 30cm×30cm, and decomposed farmyard manure 10- 15kg should be applied to each hole.
Generally, the row spacing is 1.5m× 1.0m or 2m×1m.
Blackcurrants are bisexual and bear fruit alone. In order to improve the fruit setting rate, it is best to plant two varieties in the same orchard to improve the pollination rate and ensure the fruit yield.
Planting management:
The newly planted red currant orchard can weed and loosen the soil normally between plants and interplant between rows. Intercropping type is suitable for short-stemmed legume crops, and the principle of not affecting the normal growth and development of red currant can improve the land utilization rate and comprehensive benefits.
With the growth and development of trees, it is not suitable to interplant crops when the crown reaches canopy closure.
The management is mainly intertillage weeding, and the scarification depth is 10 ~ 15 cm.
In a growing season, intertillage weeds 4 ~ 6 times.
The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, which is applied in the middle and late April in spring and is suitable from early September to early June in autumn/kloc-0. The application rate of organic fertilizer in mature orchards is 30 ~ 40t/hm2. General organic fertilizer is applied every two years 1 time.
Ditching method is adopted, that is, a trench with a depth of 10 ~ 20 cm is dug between rows 30cm away from the root system, and then fertilization is carried out in the trench, and then soil is covered.
Topdressing is different in different periods according to the growth of trees. Usually topdressing twice a year. During the period of 1, topdressing the fertilizer with nitrogen and potassium as the main fertilizer at 50 ~100g per plant around mid-May;
The second time was in the middle and late June, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, with 50 ~ 100 g per plant.
Topdressing adopts furrow application or combined with intertillage, and irrigation is carried out after fertilization.
Fertilization outside the root Suitable fertilizers for fertilization outside the root are: 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea, 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% ~ 3% calcium superphosphate leaching solution, 3% ~ 10% plant ash leaching solution, etc.
External fertilization should be sprayed at low temperature and high humidity in the evening.
In the whole growing season, topdressing outside the roots should be carried out at any time according to the needs of plant growth.
Irrigation and drainage management:
Germination accelerating water: it can be carried out in early April, which is beneficial to the growth and development of trees;
Fruit-setting water: it will be carried out in mid-May, which is beneficial to flowering, fruit-setting, young fruit development and new shoot growth;
Water-urging of fruits: it is carried out in mid-June, which has obvious effect on promoting the continuous expansion of fruits, flower bud differentiation and rapid root growth;
Frozen water: before the soil is frozen, prevent trees from drying up and dying due to physiological drought.
Plastic trimming:
The aboveground part of red gooseberry is composed of branches of most different ages.
As the branches grow weaker, they must be pruned in time.
Dormancy pruning: refers to pruning before germination in spring.
Each cluster of gooseberry leaves 16 ~ 20 basic branches will last for 3 ~ 4 years. 1 Leave 4 ~ 5 buds for re-cutting in the spring of the year of seedling raising, and 4 ~ 5 basic branches with vigorous growth in that year.
From the second year to the fourth year, leave 4 ~ 5 strong base branches respectively.
Thus, 3 ~ 5 clusters of 1 ~ 4-year-old basal branches were formed.
After 16 ~ 20 basic branches are reserved, 4 ~ 5 four-year-old basic branches with weak growth and poor fruit are thinned from the base every year, and 4 ~ 5 new basic branches are selected as supplements. The drooping, dense or pest-infested branches should be cut off in time.
Summer pruning: refers to pruning in the growing period, and the general suitable period is before and after flowering, and 7 ~ 8 basal branches are selected from each cluster.
Summer pruning is mainly based on sprouting tillers, and over-dense branches, diseased branches, dead branches and aging branches are cut off.