1905- 1909 During the construction of Longhai Railway, a number of tombs of the Tang Dynasty were destroyed in Mangshan area of Luoyang due to engineering reasons, and a large number of funerary objects of the Tang Dynasty were found. Common unearthed tri-colored pottery in Tang Dynasty include tri-colored horses, camels, ladies, musical figurines, pillows and so on. Especially the tricolor camel, with silk or a belt on its back, held its head high and screamed. The statue of Luo with a red beard and blue eyes, wearing a narrow-sleeved shirt and a flip hat, reproduces the life image of Central Asian Hu people and reminds people of the scene of camels jingling on the Silk Road.
The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal dynasty, so the three colors of the Tang Dynasty also reflected the politics, culture and life of the Tang Dynasty from another side. Like other cultures in the Tang Dynasty, poetry, painting, architecture and * * constitute the melody of Tang culture, but they are different from other cultures and arts. Seen from the history of modern ceramics, the tri-colored glaze in the Tang Dynasty is an epoch-making milestone in the history of ceramics in the Tang Dynasty, because before the Tang Dynasty, there were only monochromatic glazes. Then after the Tang Dynasty, that is to say, this colorful glaze color was also used in ceramic objects. Some of them are textual research from the history of ceramics, which is related to the great changes in aesthetic points at that time in the Tang Dynasty. Before the Tang dynasty, people advocated vegetarianism, but after the Tang dynasty, they embraced various cultures and many foreign cultures. That is to say, at this time, such a characteristic of a splendid culture has been formed, whether it is painting, ceramics or the production of gold and silver vessels.
The rise of tri-color in Tang Dynasty has its historical reasons. First of all, the rapid development of ceramic industry and the continuous improvement of the artistic level of sculpture and architecture have promoted their continuous combination and development, so people, animals and daily utensils can be displayed on the utensils of the Tang Dynasty.
After the rule of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty, the national strength was strong and all walks of life flourished, which also led to the corruption of some senior officials' lives, so the wind of reburial became more and more fierce. Tang Sancai is also a funerary object, which was once included in the official regulations. One product, two products, three products and four products mean how many pieces he is allowed to be buried with, but in fact there are express provisions. As these dignitaries, they are not satisfied with the express provisions, but they often increase many times than the official regulations to do this heavy burial. The official style is like this, and the folk customs are of course like this, so such a style of heavy burial has been formed from top to bottom, which is one of the main reasons for the rapid development and rise of Tang Sancai in the Central Plains at that time.
It can be summarized into two aspects, the first is modeling. In terms of modeling, its modeling is different from ordinary handicrafts and horses unearthed in other times.
The shapes are rich and colorful, which can be generally divided into three categories: animals, household appliances and people, among which animals are the most. According to the current classification, the unearthed three-color Tang Dynasty can be divided into three categories: animals, utensils and figures, especially animals, which may be related to the background of the times at that time. In ancient China, horses were one of the important means of transportation for people. They were also needed on the battlefield, farmers needed horses for farming and transportation. Therefore, there were more horses unearthed in Tang Sancai, followed by camels, which may be related to Chinese and foreign trade at that time. Camels are one of the long-distance means of transportation. Therefore, craftsmen reflect it on handicrafts. Generally, there were more ladies-in-waiting, reflecting the court life at that time.
Horses are fatter in shape. This breed of horse is said to have been paid tribute to the Western Regions at that time, so it is a little different from the shape of the horse we see now. This horse has a fat hip and a wide neck. The modeling characteristics of Tangma are mainly static, but driven by static. You can see that this is a stationary horse. But it depicts the eyes of a horse. The horse's eyes are carved into triangles, and the eyes are round, and then the horse's ears are attached. As if listening or hearing something. This detailed description shows the inner spirit and rhythm of Tang Ma.
Another feature is glaze color. As utensils, the use of three glaze colors, red, green and white, first began in the Tang Dynasty, but craftsmen skillfully used the method of glazing to make it staggered. Then, after firing at high temperature, it is glazed and melted to form a unique melting process. After coming out of the kiln, the tricolor changed into many colors, including primary colors, composite colors and double colors.
The shape of the objects is round and full, which conforms to the characteristics of fullness, bodybuilding and vastness of the Tang Dynasty. Tri-colored sculptures in Tang Dynasty are rich and colorful, which can be roughly divided into three categories: animals, household appliances and figures, among which animals are the most. Tri-color figures and animals have moderate proportions, natural shapes, smooth lines and liveliness. Among the characters, the warrior is muscular, glaring and nervous; The female figurines are slim, graceful, leisurely and elegant, and very plump. Animals are mostly horses and camels.
Tang Sancai, a handicraft, has the characteristics of cultural exchange between China and the West. This model is a chicken head container. From the current research, it is a vessel for holding wine in western countries and even Middle Eastern countries, but it is made as a handicraft in the Central Plains, from which people can see the cultural exchange between China and the West at that time.
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