Handan was the capital of which dynasty?
Handan, the capital of Zhao, the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, experienced eight monarchs 158 years.
The reason for Zhao's demise:
From the first year (475 BC) when Zhao was captured by Qin (222 BC), Zhao experienced 12 generations 13 owners, * * * 253 years. From the development history of more than 200 years, from the initial development and prosperity to the strong stage, Zhao Guodong controlled and strengthened, and Qiang Qin was in the west and rooted in the land of Zhao Yan. When he lost the battle with Qin in Changping, Zhao became very weak until he died. Her historical process from prosperity to decline has warned people of many historical inspirations.
First, the king of Qin attacked Zhao, sweeping.
Qin's war to unify the six countries was the last vassal annexation war at the end of the Warring States Period and the earliest feudal unification war in the history of China. From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, the state of Qin took 10 years to wipe out Yanzhao in the north, Han and Wei in the Central Plains, Qi in the east and Chu in the south, ending the 500-year feudal war since the Spring and Autumn Period and establishing the first centralized and unified country in China history.
In 236 BC, the king of Qin led Zhao to attack the emptiness of Yan State, and divided his troops to attack Zhao in two ways, which opened the prelude to the unified war. After several years of continuous attacks on Zhao, Qin greatly weakened Zhao's strength, but it will take time to destroy Zhao. So Qin turned to attack South Korea, and in 23 1 year BC, it captured Nanyang, South Korea. The following year, Shi Teng, the state of Qin, led the army to the north, captured Yangzhai, the capital of South Korea (now Yuzhou City, Henan Province), captured Wang An, set up Yingchuan County in South Korea, and South Korea perished.
In the 11th year of the King of Qin (the first 236 years), the King of Qin led Zhao to attack Yan, sent Wang Jian, Huan Kun and Yang Rui to attack Zhao, and captured Zhao Jiucheng, such as Kui He (now Heshun, Shanxi), Liaoyang (now Zuo Quan, Shanxi), Ye (now Cixian Town, Hebei) and Anyang (now southwest of Anyang, Henan). In October of the 13th year of Qin Dynasty (234 BC), when Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, was worried about the destruction of Korea by Qin, Zhao still had the possibility to help Korea. He also attacked Pingyang (now southeast of Cixian County, Hebei Province) and Wucheng (southwest of Cixian County) of Zhao, beheaded 65,438+10,000 people, defeated Zhao and killed Zhao's generals.
Second, the battle of Wu Fan formed a stalemate pattern.
After several years of Qin's attack, Zhao suffered hundreds of thousands of casualties, and had no ability to organize attacks, so he had to retreat to Handan to protect himself. In the 15th year of the King of Qin (232 BC), Qin Jun attacked Wu Fan (now southwest of Lingshou, Hebei Province) in two ways, and was also defeated by Li Mu, which is known as the Battle of Wu Fan.
In the seventh year of King Miao (229 BC), Qin took advantage of the famine in Zhao, divided the victorious army into three roads and led troops to attack Zhao on a large scale. North Road Army led by Li Xin, soldiers out of Taiyuan, a cloud; Route Wang Jian led Shangdang soldiers to attack the central part of Zhao through the well diameter; The south road, led by Duan He, attacked Handan from the north of the Yellow River. King Miao of Zhao sent general Li Mu, and general Sima Shang led the army to defend the enemy. Li Mu camped on the road from Qin Jun to Handan with Taihang Mountain as the barrier. After a few miles, Wang Jian dared not rush forward.
The battle between Qin and Zhao entered the stage of strategic stalemate. If Zhao Can unites the whole country at this time, strengthens economic construction and enriches its military strength, it may also bring down Qiang Qin. For Zhao, this is the best opportunity to keep a low profile and prepare for war.
Third, Qin used deviance and Zhao destroyed the Great Wall.
Li Mu was the great star of Zhao after Lian Po. In a few years, he led the troops to attack the Yan army in the north, rejected Han Wei in the south, and defeated Qin Jun several times. Wang Jian was terrified. Later, Li Mu won the battle of Wu Fan. When the king of Qin saw this, he thought that he could only outsmart him, but not storm him. So he sent someone to see Wang Jianjun and told him, "Li Mu is a famous soldier in the north of Zhao, and it is not easy for us to defeat him. The general might as well send someone to make peace with him. I have my own way in the future. " According to the instructions of the King of Qin, Wang Jian started peace talks with Li Mu.
The king of Qin also sent spies to Handan, bribing Guo Kai, the favorite of the king of Zhao, with a large amount of gold and silver treasures, and said to him, "Li Mu made peace privately and plotted against Zhao and surrendered to the State of Qin. Please tell the king of Zhao about this, and the king of Qin will definitely reward you in the future. " Although he was in Zhao and his heart was in Qin, he accepted the bribe, but he still acted according to the wishes of the king of Qin. He took the opportunity to say to the prince of Zhao: "Li Mu and Sima Shang wanted to betray the king of Chu and surrender to Qin Jun. The prince of Zhao was dubious about Guo Kai's words, so he sent his cronies to the Zhao army station secretly to find out the truth. Indeed as expected to see between Li Mu and Jian Qin, there are constant messengers. Zhao Wangxin believed it, immediately ordered the recall of Li Mu, and reassigned Zhao Cong and Qijiang Yanju to replace Li Mu. Li Mu listened to Zhao Cong read Wang Zhao's orders, and sat there motionless for a long time with a sullen face and tight lips. He thought: the country is at a critical juncture of life and death. It is extremely wrong for Zhao Wang to send someone to seize his military power. There must be a ghost inside. He immediately stood up and said firmly to Zhao Congyan: "The two armies are against each other, and the national security lies with the general. Although there are orders from the king, I dare not obey them. " Egged on by Guo Kai, the prince of Zhao sent someone to arrest Li Mu, tied him up and killed him. Before his execution, he said sadly, "As a general of Zhao, Lian Po came to no good end. For this reason, I am often dissatisfied. I didn't expect it to be my turn today. "After Li Mu was killed, Sima Shang was also abolished. (Biography of Historical Records of Lian Po, Lin Xiangru and Li Muchuan).
Zhao's traitor killed Zhao's two generals, Lian Po and Li Mu. When Lian Po fled to other places, the prince of Zhao remembered Lian Po and sent messengers to visit him. At this time, Guo Kai gave the emissary a large sum of money, told him that Lian Po was in poor health, and let him take three shits after eating a meal, so that Lian Po could not return to the battlefield.
At the critical moment related to Zhao's life and death, Zhao drove away Lian Po and killed Li Mu, which undoubtedly destroyed the Great Wall and accelerated Zhao's final demise.
Fourth, the earthquake on behalf of the earth made Zhao worse.
In 23 1 year BC, a major earthquake occurred in the Zhao Dynasty, from Xu Le (now the west of Mancheng, Hebei Province) to Pingyang (now the west of Yangyuan, Hebei Province). Houses collapsed and the ground cracked 130 (as recorded in historical records).
In the seventeenth year of Qin (the first 230 years), Zhao was hungry and cold. In the eighteenth year of Qin dynasty (229 BC), that is, the year after Qin dynasty destroyed Korea, it was attacked by Zhao earthquake and drought occurred again. The soldiers were divided into two ways, and the north and the south joined forces to attack Handan, the capital of Zhao. In the 19th year of Qin Dynasty (228 BC), Zhao was defeated, Handan was captured and Zhao was captured alive.
Zhao Jia, the former prince of Zhao, refused to surrender to the king of Qin, led hundreds of clan cronies to escape from Handan, and fled to Dai Di (now Yuxian, Hebei Province) day and night to stand on his own feet as king. Soon, Dr. Zhao and some famous families arrived in Adai to join forces with Zhao Yan and stationed in Shanggu (now east of Zhangjiakou and Xiaowutai Mountain, west of Yanqing, Beijing). In 222 BC, the State of Qin attacked and replaced Zhao. The territory of Zhao became a county of Qin, and Zhao perished.
Zhao perish, investigate its reason:
First, the economic and military strength is poor, which is the fundamental reason; Second, Zhao destroyed the Great Wall, making Qin succeed in alienating others. Third, natural disasters such as earthquakes and famines accelerated Zhao's demise, which is an important reason.
Tian Lei is inferior to Li Mu!
Tian Lei, nicknamed God of War, slaughtered human beings. Life size of more than 70 wars, no defeat, from the lowest military attache has been promoted to seal Wu Anjun, the six countries began to feel afraid when they heard the news.
Major achievements:
In the battle of yique, the allied forces of Korea and Wei killed 240,000 people. Attack Chu three times, attack the capital of Chu, burn its ancestral temple, and annihilate 350,000 Chu troops.
Attacking Zhao, 600,000 troops of Zhao were annihilated successively (including the battle of Changping). Attack Korea and destroy Wei, and annihilate 300 thousand.
Tian Lei wiped out about 1 10,000 armies in his life!
However, the most powerful State of Qin under the command of Tian Lei is the "Teacher of Tigers and Wolves", which is backed by Qin's powerful national strength. Even so, when it met Lian Po at the beginning of the Changping War, it could not win quickly. It was not until Zhao Kuo became a general that it showed its great power. Later, in the battle of Handan, he dared not fight, which made him play a big discount on the name of "God of War"!
While Li Muze wiped out hundreds of people in tarquin in one fell swoop in the early stage. Then he took advantage of the victory to destroy the eaves, break the East Lake and descend to Hulin Lake, and Khan fled far away. After more than ten years, the northern part of Zhao was stable, and the Huns dared not go near the border cities of Zhao. What is this concept? Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did something that could not be done for General Li with the power of dumping the country. In the first 233 years, Zhao was defeated by General Fan of Qin and lost hundreds of teachers. Qin attacked the rear of Zhao from the north road, and the situation was critical. The Prince of Zhao appointed Li Mu as the general, led the troops to fight back south, and was crushed in Yi 'an (now twenty miles southwest of Haocheng County, Hebei Province), killing more than 100,000 Qin Jun. Fan only led a few people out of the encirclement and fled to the State of Yan for fear of sin. This war dealt a great blow to the State of Qin, and Li Mu was named Wu Anjun for his merits. In the first 232 years, the State of Qin retaliated against Zhao Wufan (now south of Pingshan County, Hebei Province), and Li Mu sent troops to fight back and hit it again. At that time, the Han and Wei Dynasties had surrendered to Qin and attacked Zhao together, so Li Mu went south to resist the attack of the Han and Wei Dynasties. Later, the Qin sent Wang Jian, but Li Mu was helpless. At this time, Li Mulian had already defeated Qin Jun, and the plot against him by the villains followed. In the first 229 years, the King of Qin sent people to bribe Zhao's courtiers and spread rumors of Li Mu's rebellion in the ruling and opposition circles. The prince of Zhao was arrested and killed Li Mu. The king of Zhao destroyed the Great Wall, and the Qin general Wang Jian destroyed Zhao three months later.
It can be said that Li Mu's environment and pressure ratio are much worse, and it can support half of Zhao's country. Assuming that General Li commands 450,000 Zhao troops, it is estimated that history may be rewritten! This is also the situation created by the so-called heroes!