Seedling raising technology of bagged seedlings

1, seed selection

Seed treatment, seed dosage, nursery construction, seed germination, transplanting, nursery management, and nursery are the same as bare-rooted seedlings.

2. Nursery layout

Remove weeds and stones from the garden to make it clean and level. Seedbed width 100 cm, concave 3 ~ 5 cm, with a 40 cm wide path in the middle, and ditches are dug around the nursery to avoid water accumulation in the nursery.

3, soil selection, tight bag, bag row

Nutrient soil is fertile loam. To raise 65,438+0,000 seedlings, 7.5 kilograms of calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium fertilizer should be mixed evenly with enough nutrient soil, which should be filled when the bag is tight. Packaged nutrition bags should be neatly arranged in the seedbed, each row 15 bags. After the row, tamp the surrounding area with soil.

Step 4 transplant

Nursery seedlings are basically the same as bare-rooted seedlings, but bagged seedlings can be transplanted when seeds germinate and expose cotyledons. When the seedlings grow to 4-5 real leaves in the nursery, they can be planted out of the nursery.

Orchard facilities

Passion fruit planting and development park should be planted in areas with convenient transportation, sunny and leeward, and thick soil layer. It can be gentle slope land, terrace land or flat land, which requires deep soil layer, fertile soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions. Sandy loam with deep, fertile and loose soil layer is more suitable. Clay, tight sand, cold sand and places that are easy to be washed away are not suitable for planting or planting after improvement. Can be completely cultivated or dug.

In concentrated orchards, sloping fields have become terraced fields. The width of the box surface is greater than 1. 1m, and it inclines inward. A small ridge with a height of 20 cm and a width of 30 cm is built on the outer edge of the planting belt. At the same time, plan the orchard drainage and irrigation and road system.

Passion fruit is a vine, which can grow normally only by scaffolding. There are flat-topped frames, vertical railings, herringbone railings and door railings. Generally, the shed height should be 1.8 ~ 2m, and the scaffold materials can be cement columns, stone columns, wooden columns, bamboo poles, wooden poles and iron wires.

The row spacing of planting holes is 4m×5m, and 25 plants are planted per mu. The depth of this point is 60 cm× 60 cm× 60 cm. Apply 25 kg of farmyard manure and 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer to each hole as base fertilizer.

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Fragrant fruit can be planted all year round, but spring and autumn are the most suitable, so it should be planted on cloudy days or sunny days after rain. When planting seedlings, the old leaves should be cut off properly, and the nutrition bags should be broken out of the ground and not buried in the soil. When fixing seedlings, decompose them with proper amount of organic matter.

Mix fertilizer with sandy loam to make planting soil or covering soil. When planting, straighten out the root system, fill the soil in layers and compact it. Water the roots in time after planting. The newly dug planting hole, when planting, the root neck of seedlings is slightly higher than the ground 8 ~ 10 cm, and it is sorted after planting.

Tree tray, and covered with grass or film to keep warm and moist.

orchard management

The new species of passion fruit is mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage to promote plant growth. After planting, the root system begins to grow 10 ~ 15 days, and 0.5% dilute urea or dilute human excrement and urine can be applied, and then every 20 days 1 time, 5kg of decomposed human excrement and urine or 0. 1kg of compound fertilizer can be applied to each plant.

20 ~ 30 kg of farm manure, 0.6 ~ 0.7 kg of urea, 0.6 ~ 0.9 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0.2 ~/0.3 kg of potash fertilizer/kloc-per plant per year. Before and after the spring, farmyard manure and phosphate fertilizer were applied in furrows, and urea and potassium fertilizer were applied every month 1 time, and the mixed fertilizer was 0.3 ~ 0.4 kg/plant.

Passion fruit is a shallow-rooted plant, which likes humidity, is afraid of stagnant water and drought. Therefore, first of all, we should open the drainage ditch to prevent water accumulation in the orchard; At the same time, spread weeds to keep water, 15 days when it doesn't rain 1 time.

After clearing the garden in winter, turn over the whole garden and bury the weeds and leaves in the garden at the same time. Then sprinkle 25 ~ 30 kilograms of lime per mu.

Fruit tree shaping

After the seedlings resume their growth, they should be smeared with buds 1 time every 5 days to make the main vines grow fast and stout. When the main vine grows to 40 ~ 50 cm, it is necessary to insert columns in time to guide the main vine to the shelves. After the main vine is put on the rack, it should always lead the side vines to grow spirally on the wire rack. When the lateral vines are full, they should be cut off. One branch on each side of the lateral vine is beneficial to the early emergence and fruiting of branches.

Young people

Trees modeling: Using single main vine, double layer and four branches modeling method. When the main vine grows to 70 ~ 80 cm, leave two lateral vine branches and drag them on the shelf respectively to make the first main vine. When the plant grows to 150 ~ 160 cm, the strong side branches remain 1.

Branches, together with the main branches, are used as the second main branches, which are pulled in opposite directions to form a double-layer four-branch rattan shape. During this period, all the lateral branches and budding branches below 80cm and between 80 ~ 160 cm should be cut off.

Or erase it.

Old tree shaping: branches appeared after fruit picking the year before, and almost all the nodes above the middle part produced fruiting vines. Leave as many fruit branches as possible in the last year, but in order to prevent the shed surface from being too dense, do it after picking the fruits.

Trim early. Keep vines according to the two main branches, the branches near the main branches are covered with fruits first, and the fruits are pruned to 2-3 nodes immediately after they are ripe, so that the buds sprouting at the base of the main branches can form new fruiting branches. Harvest the last batch of fruit in winter

After that, all the fruiting branches are pruned from the base.

Eliminate pests and diseases

Passion fruit has strong resistance to pests and diseases, and occasionally plants are infected with pests and diseases.

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The main diseases are damping off, mosaic, Fusarium wilt and stem rot. Prevention and control methods: ① Choose pure land to raise seedlings, keep the field moist, especially to prevent the soil from being too wet, stay away from bananas, melons and solanaceous vegetables, and clean it up in time.

In addition to burning diseased branches and leaves. ② Drug control: 0.5% Bordeaux solution or magnesium ammonium phosphate, Toxometalaxyl, Kangkuling 1000 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution and 50% carbendazim warm powder were selected.

1000 times solution control.

The main pests are fruit flies, mites and scale insects. Choose 90% trichlorfon 800 times, Nongtianle 1000 times, Lesiben 800 times, and the mite death 2000 times.

Timely harvest

Passion fruit planted in spring can bloom in July of that year and be harvested in September. After the second year, it begins to bloom in April every year. 1 year, 5-6 batches can be opened, and the interval between each batch of flowers is 20 days. It takes 60-70 days from flowering to fruit ripening, and the fruit harvesting time is more than 4 months.

Generally, the fruit will be harvested when it turns purple (purple seed), yellow (yellow seed) or red (red seed) and has a slight fragrance/0/0 day before fruit drop, but fresh fruit drops can also be picked underground.