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fuchsia

Bell flower, Ericaceae, shrub or small tree with grayish yellow bark; Many branches, branches cylindrical, glabrous. Winter buds are oval, with white fluff on the edge of bud scales.

Chinese name: hanging bell flower

Latin scientific name: Euonymus pentaphylla

Nicknames: bell flower, lantern flower, begonia

Field: the field of plants

Family: Ericaceae

Distribution: Tropical America, New Zealand; A cool and humid environment

Flower language: hidden beauty

catalogue

Plant attribute

plant morphology

Artificial cultivation

Application value

Flower language symbol

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morphological character

Hanging bell flower (Zhaoqing area, Guangdong province), Lin erhua (plant name and factual research), white phoenix rotten tree (Guangdong province) and mountain lotus photo (Sichuan stone pillar).

American ginseng. Fl。 Kochinci 1: 277. 1790: The clock is remembering. Sci。 Socialist chin. 1: 120. 1924; Physical education class. Fl。 Gin. Indian zhina 3: 723. Figure 8 1. 1930; Fang is under control. biology Laboratory. Sci。 Sci。 Socialist China Bot. Jazz. 10:16.1935: Merr.etchun5 of Sun Yatsenia:157. 1940; China Chen Rong Tree Taxonomy 96 1. 1953; Flora of Guangzhou. Figure 255.6438+0956; Illustration 3 of Chinese higher plants:171. Fig. 40074.400060665 Hainan Flora 3: 144. Figure 635.4438+0974; Xu tongzhi It's actually a robot. Ewan 4:357. 1982; Flora of Yunnan 4: 572. Number plate162,3-5.1986. -Ernie Antus Deng Ning II. At the Federal Reserve

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De, Raptor. Species 1 1 month 9: 448. 19 1 1 et Fl。 Kouy-Tcheou 148。 19 14; Rhett. In a magazine. Arne. Arb。 15: 278. 1934, letter of credit 18: 2

30. 1937: Chambel. Not here. Roy. Robots. Gard. Edinb。 35 (2): 257. 1977.—— cavalieri Levi. In Fe

dde，Repert。 Species 1 1 month 9: 448. 14 1 1.—— Xanthium sibiricum. In Feday, Rept. Species 1 1 month 9: 448. 19 1 1 et Fl。 Kouy-Tcheou 148。 19 14.

American ginseng, Ericaceae, shrub or small tree, altitude 1-3(-7) meters; Bark is grayish yellow; Many branches, branches cylindrical, glabrous. Winter buds are oval, with white fluff on the edge of bud scales.

Leaves are often densely clustered at the top of branches, alternate, leathery, hairless on both sides, oblong or obovate-oblong, (3-) 5 3-)5- 10/0cm long and (1-) 2-4cm wide, with a sharp apex, a blunt head or a small cusp, and a short stalk at the base gradually narrowing, with an entire or sparse edge. Petiole long cylindrical, (5-)l0- 15(-20) mm, grayish yellow, glabrous.

Flowers usually form corymbose inflorescences with 3-8(- 13) flowers, which are born from big red bracts arranged in tile shape at the top of branches. Bracts oblong, elliptic, spatulate or linear-lanceolate, membranous; Pedicel 1.5-2 cm long, green and hairless; Calyx 5-lobed, lobes triangular-lanceolate, 2-4 mm long, apex ciliate; Corolla bell-shaped, about 1.2 cm long, pink or red, 5-lobed mouth, blunt lobes, slightly rolled back; Stamens 10, shorter than corolla, filaments flat, white, pilose, anthers yellow; Ovary ovoid, 5-ridged, glabrous, style about 5 mm long, glabrous.

Capsule oval, pale yellow, 8-65438 02 mm long, with 5 edges; Pedicel erect, stout, green, 3-5 mm long, glabrous. The flowering period is from March to May, and the fruiting period is from May to July. [ 1]

Distributed in Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Born in hillside thickets at an altitude of 600-2400 meters. It is also distributed in Vietnam.

As a beautiful ornamental flower, it enjoys a high reputation in Guangzhou flower market.

Living habits

Native to tropical America and New Zealand. I like the cool and humid environment, but I can't stand the heat and high temperature. The suitable growth temperature is 15 ~ 20℃, which requires fertile sandy loam with rich humus content and good drainage. Fertile and loose slightly acidic soil is suitable, and the temperature in winter is not lower than 5℃.

Cutting propagation can be carried out all year round, and rooting is faster in spring and autumn. The most suitable cutting is the top tip, which is 7 ~ 8 cm long. It is planted in a sand bed and kept moist. It takes about 10 days to take root after cutting, and it can be put into pots in September. Potted soil should be loose, fertile and well drained, and stagnant water is easy to rot and die.

Morphological picture of lily of the valley (19 photo)

The upside-down golden bell is a perennial shrub. When I was in bloom, it was full of graceful flowers, such as colorful lanterns. Potted plants are suitable for decorating living rooms, flower stands and desks. Bottles with clear water can not only be appreciated, but also take root and sprout and reproduce. [2]

Distribution of origin

China is native to Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.

Distributed in Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Born in hillside thickets at an altitude of 600 ~ 2400 meters. Also distributed in Vietnam.

plant morphology

This paragraph is provided and edited by China Plant Image Database (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences).

Lily of the valley rhizome

Clover branches and leaves

Bellflower and bell fruit

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Replication technology

Cutting propagation method

Often in late spring and early autumn, young branches are cut with the branches of that year, or old branches are cut with the branches of last year in early spring.

fuchsia

Prune. Used for cutting nutrient soil or materials such as river sand and mud carbon soil. Due to the limited conditions, it is difficult to find an ideal cutting substrate for home cutting. It is recommended to use the prepared and sterilized cutting media provided by this station. Medium and coarse river sand can also be used, but it should be washed with clear water several times before use. Sea sand and river sand in saline-alkali areas are not suitable for the growth of flowers and plants.

When cutting tender branches, when plants grow vigorously in late spring and early autumn, the thick branches of that year are selected as cuttings. After cutting off the branches, select the robust parts and cut them into 5 ~ 15 cm long segments, each with more than 3 pieces. When cutting, it should be noted that the upper cut is cut flat at about 1 cm above the last leaf node, and the lower cut is cut obliquely at about 0.5cm below the lowest leaf node. The upper and lower incisions should be flat (the knife should be sharp). When hardwood cuttings are used, the temperature rises in early spring.

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After that, the strong branches of the previous year were selected as cuttings. Usually, 3 ~ 4 knots are reserved for each cutting, and the cutting method is the same as that of twig cutting. The optimum temperature for cutting rooting is 20 ~ 30℃, and when it is lower than 20℃, cutting rooting is difficult and slow. When the temperature is higher than 30℃, the upper and lower cuttings are susceptible to bacterial infection and rot. The higher the temperature, the greater the proportion of rot. When low temperature is encountered after cutting, the measures of heat preservation are mainly to wrap the flowerpot or container for cutting with film; When the temperature is too high after cutting, the main measure to reduce the temperature is to shade the cuttings, which should cover 50 ~ 80% of the sun. At the same time, the cuttings are sprayed 3 ~ 5 times a day, with more spraying times in sunny days and less or no spraying times in rainy days.

After cutting, the relative humidity of air must be kept at 75 ~ 85%. The basic requirements of cutting rooting are: before cutting rooting, it is necessary to ensure that the cuttings are fresh and tender and can produce rooting substances through photosynthesis. However, cuttings without roots cannot absorb enough water to maintain water balance in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the moisture evaporation of cuttings by spraying: spraying cuttings 3-5 times a day under the condition of shading. The higher the temperature in sunny days, the more times they spray, and the lower the temperature in rainy days, the less or no times they spray. However, if the cuttings are sprayed excessively, they are easily infected by germs and rot, because there are many kinds of germs in the water.

The propagation of cuttings can not be separated from sunlight, because cuttings will continue to make nutrients through photosynthesis and take root and sprout.

Hanging bell flower (15 pieces)

Materials to meet its rooting needs. However, the stronger the light, the higher the temperature in the cuttings, the more vigorous the transpiration of cuttings and the more water they consume, which is not conducive to the survival of cuttings. Therefore, 50 ~ 80% sunlight must be blocked after cutting, and then the sunshade net should be removed gradually after the root system grows: the sunshade net should be removed at 4: 00 pm every day on sunny days and covered before 9: 00 am the next day.

Stratified propagation

Select robust branches and peel off the bark from about 15 ~ 30cm below the top. The width of the peeled wound is about 1 cm, and the depth is only limited to the freshly peeled skin. Cut a piece of membrane with a length of 10 ~ 20 cm and a width of 5 ~ 8 cm, put some wet garden soil on it, and wrap the looped part like a wound, with the upper and lower ends of the membrane tied tightly and bulging in the middle. It takes about four to six weeks to root. After taking root, cut off the branches and roots together, and it becomes a new plant.

Transplanting in upper basin

When seedlings are put into a pot or big plants that have been raised for several years are transferred to the pot, a layer of coarse-grained substrate with a thickness of 2-3 cm is placed at the bottom of the pot as a filter layer, and a fully decomposed organic fertilizer with a thickness of about 1 ~ 2 cm is sprinkled on it as a base fertilizer, and then a thin substrate with a thickness of about 1 ~ 2 cm is covered, and then the plants are put in, so that the fertilizer can be separated from the roots. One of the following substrates can be selected for the upper basin: vegetable garden soil: slag = 3:1; Or garden soil: medium coarse river sand: sawdust (shavings) = 4:1:2; Or one of paddy soil, pond sludge and humus soil. After the potted plants are finished, water them once and maintain them in a cool environment for a week. When transplanting seedlings, first dig the planting hole, sprinkle a layer of organic fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole as the base fertilizer (base fertilizer) with a thickness of about 4 ~ 6 cm, then cover it with a layer of soil and put the seedlings in order to separate the fertilizer from the roots and avoid burning the roots.

Planting point

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It grows rapidly in spring and autumn, and fertilizes every ten days 1 time. When it is hot in summer, stop fertilizing. Keep it in a cool and ventilated place, and avoid direct sunlight in midsummer. Water regularly to increase air humidity. The upside-down branches of Admiralty are thin and drooping, so it is necessary to pick the heart and shape to promote the branches, and move less when flowering to prevent the buds from falling.

The growth period of Chimonanthus campanulata needs a cool climate, and the suitable temperature is10 ~15℃; Need sunshine in winter, can withstand the low temperature of 3 ~ 5℃; Summer is in a semi-dormant state, avoiding heat and enjoying semi-yin. In the south, it needs shade in May ~ 10, and 15 ~ 23℃ grows fastest. Making Lily of the Valley spend the summer safely is the key of cultivation techniques. When the temperature rises to 30℃, it is not good for its growth, so measures should be taken to reduce the temperature, which can be placed under a ventilated shade shed, but it can also be cut short to avoid getting wet by rain. Stop fertilizing in summer, control watering, and make it gradually dormant. After flowering, the leaves began to turn to Huangshi and were pruned, leaving only 20cm at the base, so as to germinate new branches again, which is conducive to safe summer. Clock flowers are afraid of waterlogging, so seedlings can't be used in pots from the beginning.

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Oversize flowerpots to avoid death due to poor drainage and soil water accumulation. Only with the growth of plants can larger flowerpots be gradually replaced. Chimonanthus praecox likes slightly acidic sandy loam rich in humus and well drained. Sticky and hardened soil is not suitable for the growth of Yu Lamei, and it is also not suitable for the seedlings that have just been cut and survived.

1. Soil: I like loose sandy loam with good drainage.

2. Moisture: water once every 2-3 days in winter and rainy season, once a day in autumn and sunny days, and control moisture when it is in semi-dormancy state in summer to prevent defoliation and root rot.

Third, sunshine: I like the sunny environment. Without sunshine, it is easy to grow white, resulting in less flowering.

Fertilizer: Apply sufficient organic fertilizer before planting, control nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage of growth to prevent excessive growth, and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer at flowering stage.

5. Temperature: The optimum growth temperature is 15 ~ 25℃. When the temperature exceeds 30℃ in summer, it will enter a semi-dormant state, and it shall not be lower than 5℃ in winter.

Horticultural varieties

Chimonanthus praecox, also known as upside-down golden bell and hanging bell begonia, is a perennial herb flower. There are many kinds of it, and the main colors are red, purple and white.

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1, var.corallina: a tufted dwarf species with dark leaves and large flowers; Calyx is crimson, corolla is purple.

2. var.globosa: the branches are hairless and drooping, the pulse is red, the pedicel is long, and the sepals are dark red; Petals are bright purple, and the length is about 1/2 of calyx lobes.

3. Discolored variety: A tufted dwarf variety with dark purple branches. Leaves small, 3-whorled, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers are small and many; Calyx red, tube thin and short; Petals obtuse, shorter than calyx lobes.

4. var.riccartonii: The branches are slender and drooping. The leaves are small. Flowers are long and drooping; Calyx tube is bright red and petals are purple.

5. Ginkgo tree ~ cochineal tree: a kind of artificially cultivated hybrid. Calyx tube is white, long, lobes rolled back and petals are red.

6. Ligularia flavescens: plant height 1 ~ 2m, sparsely pilose, with thick stems at the bottom. branch

fuchsia

The rope is slightly juicy, reddish, with long leaves,10 ~ 20cm long and 5 ~10 ~ 20cm wide. Calyx tube is long and tubular, slender at the base, bright red, 5 ~ 7.5 cm long. Petals short, 1 cm long, crimson.

7. Three-leaf rosewood: a low tufted shrub, 20 ~ 50 cm high, with three leaves rotating, green surface, bright red and brown back, and dense fluff on the veins. The flowers are vermilion, 4 cm long, with long calyx tube, swollen upper part and short petals.

control of insect

The bell flower often suffers from wilt and rust. Spraying 20% Weixiulu EC 400 times solution to prevent rust, and applying 10% antibacterial agent 40 1 solution to soil to prevent Fusarium wilt. Aphids, scale insects and whiteflies are easy to occur due to poor ventilation, and 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed 1000 times.

The application value of editing this paragraph

Garden viewing

Hanging bell is a bunch of flowers, hanging like a bell, white inside and pink, enchanting and charming, dazzling. The flowering period coincides with New Year's Day and Spring Festival. As a symbol of good luck, it has long been a traditional annual flower in Guangdong, and it is an indispensable material for large-scale flower arrangement on holidays.

Medicinal efficacy

fuchsia

Natural peanuts in alpine forests bloom once every two years, and have the effects of losing weight, removing spots, beautifying, removing fire, calming the liver and improving eyesight.

Bottle flower has obvious therapeutic effect on lumbago and leg pain, limb spasm, heavy kidney, difficulty in sitting and lying, frequent urination and turbid urine caused by kidney deficiency. It is very pleasing to brew flowers and green tea together at a suitable water temperature. There are young leaves and lanterns floating in the transparent teacup. Take 2 ~ 3 tablets of this product and take it with boiling water. You can also join Yu Meiren and drink it with rock sugar.

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The flower language is: bright, energetic, complete, rich, simple, try harder.

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reference data

1. Plant species information database [reference date 20 13-05- 1].

2. The bell flower-life habits and propagation techniques. Seedling trading network [reference date 20 12-09-25].

Related literature

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