The suitable potting soil is 40% garden soil, 15% coarse sand, 30% dung soil and 15% humus soil. Gardenia seedlings should pay attention to watering, keep the pot soil moist, and apply decomposed thin fertilizer frequently. It is best to water it with rainwater or fermented rice washing water. During the growing period, if the soil is irrigated with 0.2% ferrous sulfate water or alum fertilizer water every 15 days (the two can be used alternately), it can prevent the soil from becoming alkaline, and at the same time, it can supplement iron to the soil to prevent the leaves of Gardenia from turning yellow. In summer, gardenia should spray water on the leaves every morning and evening to increase the air humidity and promote the luster of the leaves. Potted gardenia, after flowering in August, only water, control the amount of water. /kloc-move indoors before the cold dew in October/October and place it in a sunny place. Strictly control watering in winter, but you can often spray leaves with clear water. From May to July every year, the vigorous growth period of gardenia will stop, and the plants will be pruned and the tips at the top will be removed to promote the germination of branches and make the plants beautiful and bloom more in the future.
Gardenia flowers are mostly propagated by cutting and layering, but they can also be propagated by sowing in separate plants, but they are rarely used. Cutting can be divided into spring cutting and autumn cutting. Spring sowing in the middle and late February; Autumn planting will be conducted from the end of September to the end of 10. Cuttings are 2-3 years old, cut into pieces of 10- 12 cm, leave two leaves on them, cut off half of them, and then insert them obliquely in the seedbed, leaving only one section on the soil surface, paying attention to shading and maintaining a certain humidity. Generally, it can take root in 1 month, and it can only be transplanted after 1 year. In the south, there is also a method of water-inserting propagation, that is, inserting cuttings on a disc made of reed stalks, floating it on the water, letting the lower part take root in the water, and then transplanting and cultivating it. Stratification can be carried out around Tomb-Sweeping Day in April or in rainy season. Select the annual robust branches of the three-year-old mother plant, pull them to the ground, and carve the buried parts on the branches. If the carved part can be dipped in 200ppm powdered acetic acid and then covered with soil for compaction, it will be easier to take root. Generally, you can leave the mother plant one month after taking root, and then transplant it with soil in the next spring.
Tiantuan management
Gardenia likes fat, but it is advisable to apply more thin fertilizer. The soil likes acidity and has good drainage. After transplanting seedlings, topdressing can be done once a month; Pruning once a year from May to July, cutting off the top to promote branching and form a complete crown. Removing dead flowers from adult trees is beneficial to vigorous flowering and prolonging flowering period. Potted gardenia should be poured out in time after the rain, and Huang should apply alum fertilizer in time.
In the north, gardenias introduced from the south tend to be big in the first year, but they become smaller in the second year, and their leaves become Huang Yi and fall off. In severe cases, the plants die. The main reason is that the soil in the north is alkaline, the climate is dry and the water quality is not suitable for its growth. Therefore, the introduction from the south should be transplanted with soil as much as possible. Usually, the stored rainwater is watered or soaked in grass and peel, and it can also be fermented with salt-free swill. If 0. 1 kg ferrous sulfate can be added to 50 kg water, the effect will be better. In the vigorous growth period, grinding water and topdressing can promote lush foliage and bright leaves. In spring and autumn, the growth is slow. Apply 1 diluted liquid fertilizer every 2 ~ 3 weeks. After the summer, the temperature rises, and the growth is gradually vigorous. Liquid fertilizer can be applied every 7 ~ 10 day/time. In the morning and evening, clear water can also be used to spray leaves and nearby ground to increase air humidity. Before the autumn frost comes, transfer it to an environment where the winter temperature is not lower than 0℃ for winter.
Land selection and preparation
Sandy loam with deep soil layer should be planted on sunny hillside. It can be planted in the corner of the field or interplanted with leguminous plants.
Before planting, all the land should be reclaimed, the pockets of miscellaneous trees should be removed, and the pit should be dug at the row spacing of 4×4 feet, with the pit width 1 foot square and the depth of 0.8- 1 foot. 65,438+00-65,438+05 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer was applied to each hole, and it was planted after mixing soil in the hole.
Field planting
1, land selection and soil preparation: Gardenia jasminoides Ellis has low requirements on soil, and can be cultivated on hillsides, soil workshops, fields and corners. Dig a pit at the selected site with a row spacing of 4-6 feet (if the soil is good, the distance can be larger, otherwise it will be smaller), with a hole diameter of one foot and a depth of 0.8- 1 foot. Apply soil mixed fertilizer, green manure or human and animal manure as base fertilizer, and plant it after the soil fertilizer is uniform.
Step 2 plant
Planting should be carried out in cloudy days from March to April. After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be planted in time, not exposed to the sun and wind. If the transportation is far away, the roots should be moistened with yellow mud, covered with grass, planted in each hole, covered with soil, compacted and sprayed with water.
3. Tian Tuan management
After planting, weeding and topdressing can be done once a year in spring and summer, and human and animal manure, manure, compost and cake fertilizer can be applied. Before flowering in summer, it is best to apply fertilizer with more phosphorus and potassium content, and fertilization is generally carried out after weeding and loosening the soil.
control of insect
Gardenia flowers tend to turn yellow, which is caused by many reasons, so different measures should be taken to prevent it. Yellowing disease caused by lack of fertilizer: this yellowing disease starts from the old leaves at the lower part of the plant and gradually spreads to the new leaves. Nitrogen deficiency: the leaves are yellow and the new leaves are small and crisp. Potassium deficiency: Old leaves turn from green to brown. Phosphorus deficiency: Old leaves are purple or dark red. Under the above circumstances, decomposed human excrement or cake fertilizer can be forcibly applied. Yellowing caused by iron deficiency: this yellowing disease is manifested in new leaves. At first, the leaves were pale yellow or white, and the veins were still green. In severe cases, the veins turn yellow or white, and eventually the leaves will dry up and die. Spraying 0.2%-0.5% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution can prevent this situation. Yellowing caused by magnesium deficiency: this yellowing disease is gradually developed from old leaves to new leaves, and the veins are still green. In severe cases, the leaves fall off and die. Spraying 0.7%-0.8% boron and magnesium fertilizer can prevent this situation. Overwatering, freezing, etc. , it will also cause the leaves to turn yellow, so pay special attention in the maintenance process. When the indoor ventilation is poor and the temperature and humidity are too high in winter, gardenia is prone to scale insect harm and soot disease. You can scrape off scale insects with bamboo sticks, or spray 200 times of water with 20 # petroleum emulsion. For soot disease, clean water can be used to scrub or spray carbendazim 1000 times solution.
There are aphids, flea beetles and moth larvae that harm gardenia. The first two can be controlled by dimethoate and trichlorfon, while the latter can be controlled by 666 powder or captured manually.
(1) pests
Gardenia is vulnerable to scale insects in the environment with high humidity and poor ventilation, so it can be cleaned with a small brush in time or sprayed with 20 # gasoline emulsion 100 ~ 150 times. & ltbr & gt& ltbr & gt(2) Diseases
① soot disease
It happens on branches and leaves. After discovery, it can be scrubbed with clean water, or sprayed with 0.3 wave of meishi sulfur mixture, 1000 ~ 1200 times carbendazim.
② Rot disease
It often happens on the lower trunk, and the stem expands and cracks. Immediately after discovery, it can be effective by scraping or smearing 5 ~ 10 degree stone sulfur mixture.
Leaf spot disease and yellowing disease often occur in pests and diseases. Leaf spot was sprayed with 65% zineb wettable powder 600 times, and 0. 1% ferrous sulfate solution was regularly added with water to prevent yellowing. Insect pests are harmful to moth, scale insect and whitefly. Spraying 3,000 times of 2.5% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate on the moth, and 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate of 1.500 times of scale insects and whiteflies.
Culture and propagation
Commonly used cutting and layering propagation. Cutting, in the rainy season, the length of shoots is1500m, inserted into the seedbed, and roots are produced from 10- 12. Layering: biennial branches, 20-25cm long, are selected in April, buried in the soil, kept moist, rooted in about 30 days, separated from the mother plant in summer, and planted separately in the following spring. Transplanting seedlings or potted plants should be carried out in spring and rainy season, with soil balls. Keep the soil moist during the growing period, and water it more during flowering and midsummer. Apply fertilizer 1 time every month, and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1 time before flowering. Prune and reshape in early spring of the following year, and cut off dead branches and long branches in time. Leaf spot disease and yellowing disease often occur in pests and diseases. Leaf spot was sprayed with 65% zineb wettable powder 600 times, and 0. 1% ferrous sulfate solution was regularly added with water to prevent yellowing. Insect pests are harmful to moth, scale insect and whitefly. Spraying 3,000 times of 2.5% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate on the moth, and 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate of 1.500 times of scale insects and whiteflies.
Osmanthus fragrans (also known as Japanese Osmanthus fragrans) blooms in all seasons and smells fragrant in all seasons. Summer and autumn are full of fragrance, and spring and summer are slightly fragrant. Cultivation in four seasons can beautify the environment and can be used as medicine. Its root stew is used to treat toothache and sore throat caused by deficiency fire. Balcony and courtyard can be cultivated. The cultivation techniques are as follows:
1. balcony cultivation. It is most suitable to choose young plants for balcony cultivation. For seedlings with a height of 30 ~ 50 cm, spread a layer of gravel with a thickness of 4 cm on the flowerpot, drill a few small holes in the bottom of the flowerpot (convenient for watering), and then put the flowerpot on the gravel. Then, fill the flowerpot with fine soil to cultivate osmanthus seedlings. After planting, the roots of the seedlings are covered with fine soil with a thickness of 4-5 cm, and the soil is compacted. Finally, pour root water (with clear water) to soak the soil in the flowerpot. When the seedlings survive and show new buds, pry open the soil at the roots and apply 100g fermented oil cake to each plant. After 3 months, each plant should be drenched with100g ammonium bicarbonate once with 500g manure water, and it should be applied less and more later.
2. Garden cultivation. ① The seedlings with a height of 50 ~ 100 cm should be cultivated by digging holes. This nest is 40 cm deep and 50 cm wide. After the nest is made, the soil in the nest is not fine. Then cultivate and cover the seedlings with fine mud with a thickness of 7- 10 cm. Then pat the soil tightly, and finally pour a root of water (with clear water) to soak the soil in the nest. (2) If the big plant is larger than 100 cm, dig a pit for cultivation. This nest is 60 cm deep and 80 cm wide. After digging the nest, the soil in the nest is not fine, and then cultivate the seedlings. After planting, cover the soil 10 ~ 15 cm. After the soil is compacted, root water is still sprayed (with clear water) to soak the soil in the nest. When the big and small seedlings survive and sprout, apply 1 kg of human and animal manure once per plant. Three months later,1.50g ammonium bicarbonate was applied with manure water again. It is better to be diligent and less in the future.
3. Plastic surgery. ① Osmanthus fragrans cultivated on the balcony should be trimmed and arranged in a spherical shape with beautiful appearance. ② Osmanthus fragrans cultivated in the courtyard should be pruned to add interest and beauty to its umbrella shape. Breeding methods. Osmanthus fragrans can be propagated by sowing, docking, cutting, layering and cutting. Generally, docking and cutting propagation are the main methods. The rootstock of docking is Ligustrum lucidum, which can bloom in the same year after jointing, and the docking time is mostly in summer. A large number of osmanthus seedlings can be propagated by cutting, and the time is mostly in February when the juice is about to flow out. In order to promote rooting and prevent diseases, cuttings were sprayed with 800- 1000 times trichlorfon solution 65438+ 0 month before cutting, disinfected with lime water 10- 15 days before cutting and sprayed with 65438+ before cutting. The cutting depth is 2/3, water it immediately after cutting, and always keep a certain humidity, and a sunshade net can be set on the seedbed. It will take root and sprout in about 2 months. Transplanting once in the second year and planting in the third year.
Key points of cultivation. Osmanthus likes to do it. In addition to paying attention to watering and moisturizing when transplanting, irrigation is generally not needed, so good soil drainage is needed. Usually big trees branch once a year, and young trees branch 2-3 times. It can be applied every year in February, June and September or before flowering 1 time. It is not suitable to apply heavy fertilizer in the early stage of spring sowing, and pig manure and bean cake are the best fertilizers. During May and June of 65438+ 10, intertillage, loosen soil and weed should be done in time to keep soil moisture and avoid competition between weeds and trees for fertilizer. Osmanthus fragrans has developed root system, many fibrous roots, strong adaptability and easy survival after transplanting. Generally, trees under 20 years old are easy to transplant in spring and autumn.