Don't apply all kinds of "disinfectants" to the wound, especially colored "mercuric chloride"
Or "purple potion", or even put on soy sauce, toothpaste, sweet noodle sauce and so on. , so as not to affect the doctor's judgment on the severity and depth of burns. After the above simple treatment, compress the wound with cold water bag or ice bag to relieve the pain, and then go to a specialized hospital or burn plastic surgery department immediately.
Generally speaking, cold water bag is better than ice bag, because too low temperature will affect local blood circulation.
(2) Burn caused by fire: If the burning clothes on the wounded are difficult to take off for a while, let the wounded lie on the ground and roll out the fire, or douse the flame with water. Don't run with the fire, and don't beat it with your hands, otherwise it may make the fire burn with the wind and your hands will be burned. Don't shout in the fire, so as not to cause respiratory tract burns. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent suffocation or poisoning caused by inhalation of smoke.
Such as head and face burns, often extremely swollen, and easy to cause secondary infection, easy to be missed diagnosis and thus delay rescue. Therefore, it is necessary to closely observe whether the wounded have progressive dyspnea and escort them to the hospital for treatment in time.
(3) Electric iron scalding: First, power off immediately, and then choose different methods according to the degree of scalding. For a small area of mild burns, if blisters do not form in the early stage, those with red-hot tingling should first cool down, that is, rinse with running water, and then cover with sesame oil or sterilized vaseline gauze. If the blister has formed, first wipe the surrounding skin with 0. 1% bromogeramine solution or 75% ethanol solution, rinse the wound with normal saline or soapy water, and pump out the liquid in the blister under aseptic conditions. The wound was bandaged with trisulfonic acid ointment, tetracycline ointment, scald ointment or sterilized vaseline gauze under pressure.
Attention should be paid to prevent infection and give painkillers to relieve pain in the treatment of second degree scald. Large-scale burns must be sent to the hospital immediately for emergency treatment.
(4) Being scalded by oil when cooking: After being scalded, immediately wipe off the spilled oil with a soft cotton cloth, then wet the scalded area with a clean towel dipped in cold water, or simply rinse it with the kitchen tap water pipe for 20 minutes. Remove high-temperature oil and apply it with cold water. The purpose of this is to reduce the temperature to minimize the depth of burns. Burn degree is shallow, generally won't leave a scar. However, there will be pigmentation after the wound is healed and dried, but it takes a certain time for these pigmentation to completely subside, ranging from a few days to 1 month. It is best to avoid spicy food, alcohol and tobacco before the wound heals.
(5) Chemical burns: The on-site treatment method of chemical skin burns is to move away from the scene immediately and quickly take off clothes, shoes and socks contaminated by chemicals. Regardless of acid, alkali or other chemical burns, immediately flush the wound with plenty of running tap water or clean water for at least 30 minutes. Don't apply ointment or mercuric chloride to fresh wounds at will, and don't wrap them with dirty cloth. Yellow phosphorus burns should be washed with plenty of water, soaked or covered with multiple layers of wet cloth. At the same time, burns are often accompanied by fractures, bleeding and other injuries, and should be treated in time at the scene. Burn patients should be sent to the hospital in time.
(6) Drinking water burns: Drinking boiled water burns are mild injuries. Patients with severe cough will have hoarseness, accompanied by symptoms such as sore throat and dysphagia. Most of the injured were children.
If burns and scalds occur in the throat, those who are mild can rest at home: First, do not eat hard or hot food, mainly soft and cold food, and pay attention to rest; Secondly, Chinese herbal medicines including Radix Isatidis, Herba Schizonepetae, Herba Menthae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Platycodi and Radix Glycyrrhizae can be decocted with water and swallowed frequently. If the throat edema is serious and obviously affects breathing, they should be sent to the hospital immediately for diagnosis and treatment.
(7) Electric shock burns: The greatest danger of electric shock burns is internal burns. When someone is found to get an electric shock, please immediately handle it according to the following steps: first cut off the power supply, or remove the power supply with insulators, such as dry sticks, branches and broom handles. When the power supply is unknown, remember not to touch the person who gets an electric shock directly with your hands.
In the bathroom or wet place, the rescuer should wear insulating rubber shoes, rubber gloves or stand on a dry board to protect himself. If there is no heartbeat or breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately. Don't give up easily. Usually it should be more than half an hour. If conditions permit, automated external defibrillator (AED) should be used on site as soon as possible. Call 120 as soon as possible to call an ambulance and take the patient to the hospital for treatment. Continue cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the scene until the arrival of professional medical staff.
Local burn patients should take local materials for simple wound dressing and then send them to hospital for treatment.
(8) Dry ice "burning": Dry ice is the original form of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is gaseous at room temperature. If dry ice touches people, it will sublimate quickly. The sublimation process absorbs a lot of heat, so it will "burn" people (actually frostbite). After being scalded by dry ice, you can quickly raise your body temperature in a warm room of about 22 ~ 25℃ or warm water of 38 ~ 42℃. Don't bake with fire, don't soak in cold water and don't rub with snow. Raise the injured limb as high as possible, keep warm and brake. If there is a blister, don't puncture it to avoid exposing the wound and causing infection.
If the wound sticks to the cloth, it is caused by local freezing at low temperature. Don't tear off the cloth at this time, and clean it with warm water at 37 ~ 38℃.