I. Classification and varieties
1. Color-leafed variety Color-leafed variety refers to the tea germplasm resources whose leaf color and bud color are different from the basic color.
(1) Bai is a tea variety whose leaves are albino because of the loss of chlorophyll for some reason. White tea can be divided into temperature-sensitive type, light-sensitive type and light-temperature insensitive type according to whitening types. White varieties include Anji White Tea, Yin Xue White Tea and Siming Tea. Yin Xue white tea is a kind of temperature-sensitive shrub, with white spring buds and white leaves. After spring, it turns green with the increase of temperature, and a few spring leaves are still white in July.
(2) Yellow tea varieties with yellow-green leaves and yellow-green buds, such as Narcissus, Huang Jinju and Jinya. Some yellowing phenomena will turn green because of the drop in autumn temperature. Golden bud is a light-sensitive shrub, and all the new buds are milky yellow to golden yellow after spreading their leaves. After autumn, due to the reduction of light time, the newly germinated leaves began to turn green, and a few leaves remained milky yellow at the leaf edge.
(3) Purple is a tea variety with purple leaves and buds. For example, the bud color of purple bamboo shoots in Yangxian county is purple, and the leaf color is green after the leaves are unfolded, only the color is dark. And' nightingale' is a small tree, almost purple, with the characteristics of purple bud, purple leaf, purple stem, purple fruit, purple calyx and purple pedicel.
(4) Color system refers to the variety of tea in which two or more colors are mixed. For example, "Kazuki Watanabe musician" is a shrub that is insensitive to light and temperature. After the leaves are displayed, they are all white leaves, gray leaves and green leaves. The albino part is white and generally does not turn green.
2. Strange variety
Odd-shaped varieties refer to tea varieties with unique morphological characteristics such as buds, leaves, branches and stems. At present, the cultivated tea trees are usually shrub-type, and the height without pruning is 1.5 to 3 meters, while the height of many wild tree-type tea trees is several meters. Tall arbor tea trees are suitable for single plant landscaping, while short shrub tea trees are suitable for hedge construction.
3. Multi-flower varieties
Many varieties of flowers have a large number of flowers. Some data show that there are more than 3,500 flowers per square meter of tea tree crown, and even more than 9,200 flowers. The flowers of tea trees are generally white, and a few are pale yellow or pink, which bloom in winter. Such a large amount of flowers adds a lot of color to the town in winter. Jiukeng population and other hybrid groups are excellent germplasm resources for developing multi-flowered varieties, and breeding work in this area should be strengthened.
Second, the application in urban greening
Characteristic tea trees are promising in urban greening construction, which can be widely used in road greening, green space construction, courtyard landscaping, potted bonsai and so on.
(1) The tree-shaped tea tree on the street tree stands out among the street trees with its tall and straight posture, open crown, evergreen leaves and numerous flowers. They can be planted on both sides of urban roads, urban and rural highways, rivers, lakes and waterways, and become the main force in building green passages.
(2) Hedges and green walls are composed of a single kind of shrub-type tea trees or mixed or intercropped with other garden plants. Hedges and green walls are rich and varied in color with their rich and varied leaf colors and shapes. With small trees, shrubs or grotesque tea varieties as the main body, through grafting, pruning and other means, green single or group shapes, such as solitary trees, spheres, ribbons or animals, are formed to increase the aesthetic feeling of green space.
When forming hedge walls or individual or group shapes, we should also make full use of garden techniques such as barrier scenery, frame scenery, opposite scenery and missing scenery to beautify urban green spaces and courtyards. The green space with tea tree as the main plant not only has the functions of greening and beautifying towns and providing leisure places for citizens, but also has the functions of spreading tea culture, publicizing tea knowledge and understanding agricultural production.
(3) Potted bonsai The characteristic tea plants are planted in pots, and the unique tea plant bonsai is made by shaping and grafting, which is of great ornamental and beautification value whether placed indoors or outdoors.
In greening, because there is not too much demand for growth potential, characteristic tea trees can grow normally as long as they are in acidic to nearly neutral soil. Proper pruning can promote the germination of adventitious buds, make tea branches denser, expand tea crowns, change the growth direction of tea trees and facilitate modeling. In addition, in the greening layout, we should fully consider the future modeling needs, moderate spacing between plants, pay attention to the contrast and harmony between forms, and the changes of contour lines and skylines. The shape of a single tea tree is mainly natural, geometric, image and abstract, and the shape of hedgerow tea tree has special shapes such as single layer, multi-layer, square, trapezoidal, round, toothed and wavy.