Mummies are the general name for the mummies of ancient Egyptian pharaohs. At first, only Pharaoh was qualified to mummify his body. With the continuous improvement of corpse preservation technology, nobles and civilians can make corpses exist forever like pharaohs. Take out the brain of the deceased first, then take out the intestines and put them in four white marble bottles. Then take out the heart that is considered wisdom, wrap it up and put it back in the body. Fill the hollowed-out belly with flax, sawdust and fragrant spices. Soak in alkali (sodium carbonate-water mixture) for 7 days to prevent other parts of the body from rotting. The body was wrapped in a roll of linen soaked in gum, soaked in alkali and then dried.

The early efforts were only antiseptic, and gradually, people who put sesame oil on the body like priests became makeup artists. They used resin ointment to make the body look flesh and blood, fitted the body with artificial eyes, and added a metal sheath to locate the fingers.

The earliest mummies were carefully preserved around 2600 BC and then wrapped in cloth. During the period from 1085 BC to 945 BC, that is, during the period of 2 1 Pharaoh dynasty, the anti-corrosion technology reached its peak. Subsequently, the religious piety spirit was gradually replaced by the business attitude of taking advantage. Instead of trying to keep the body intact, the embalmer pays attention to the appearance of the mummy (a bit like a modern undertaker putting on makeup to let the dead see the body). Preservatives use thick rosin to seal the inside and outside of the body, and occasionally use honey to cover up the body and can't restrain its decay. The embalmer also used strong-smelling spices to cover up the smell of the body that could not be dispersed. On the wooden box containing the mummy, he painted some vivid portraits and explained the past. The technique of making great efforts to keep the body intact in the past is out of fashion. So later mummies are often not well preserved, and Bree may only have bones.

Until the first century BC, embalmers were still respected for their skills, and they could make a lot of money with their embalming skills.

In more than 3000 years, many changes have taken place in the way ancient Egyptians made mummies. However, most scholars and experts believe that the embalming method reached its peak around 10 century BC, when a first-class embalmer made mummies roughly according to the following steps:

First, a 10 cm incision was made on the left side of the abdomen of the corpse with a flint knife. Other internal organs except the heart (both the embalmer and his customers think that the heart is the root of feelings) were taken out of the incision and washed with wine and spices containing potions and cinnamon one by one. The embalmer also washed the abdominal cavity of the corpse with aromatic asphalt to decompose the residual soft tissue, and then prepared to take the brain. He put a hooked tool into the skull from the nostril of the deceased, hooked out the brain marrow inside, and then poured fragrant tar to flush out the residual tissue in the skull.

After every part of the body was thoroughly cleaned, the embalmer buried all organs and the body in a pile of powder soaked in alkali (a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate) and drained the water. Bodies and organs should be buried in alkaline powder for about a month, and then washed with perfume and spices. Every step of embalming the corpse from beginning to end, the embalming personnel must be serious, such as wrapping every finger of the corpse from the beginning to avoid nail damage or falling off.

Then, the antiseptic wrapped the dry viscera one by one with linen, put them back into the abdominal cavity (or put them in a clay pot or gypsum pot alone), and filled the abdominal cavity with fillers such as sawdust, linen, tar or mud. After filling, the incision will be stitched immediately. Because soaking alkali has damaged some hair, it is necessary to repair some wigs and braid them with real hair that has not been taken off; I also need an artificial eye in my eye socket. At this time, the remaining work is to restore the appearance of the body, which is also the most time-consuming, because it is not easy to restore the withered body to its original appearance.

During this ancient plastic surgery, the embalmer carefully cut many tiny incisions in various parts of the body and filled the skin with linen fillers shaped according to the body contour, just like plastic surgeons injected silicone into the living in the 20th century. Even the face and neck of the corpse are as good as before, and the mouth is stuffed with linen to make the cheeks full. Finally, the antiseptic also acts as a makeup artist, using a clay called ochre to dye the face and even the whole body of the deceased (the male deceased is dyed red and the female deceased is dyed yellow). You can wrap your body after dyeing. The embalmer wrapped the limbs of the corpse layer by layer with linen cloth coated with rosin, then wrapped the head and trunk, and finally wrapped the whole body.

The embalmer wrapped the body and made it into a mummy, which took about 70 days before and after. Follow the embalmer to return the mummy to undertaker. At this point, undertaker has probably prepared another humanoid wooden coffin to hold the mummy and built a grave.