The cultivation of medicinal plants requires strict environmental conditions. Climate and soil are the main environmental conditions that affect the growth and development of medicinal plants. Various medicinal plants have different requirements for climate factors such as light, temperature, moisture, air and soil conditions. For example, mint likes sunshine, and the weather is sunny during the flowering of buds, which can increase the oil content; Areca nut, coca and pepper can only blossom and bear fruit in hot and humid areas; Alisma orientalis and Acorus calamus need low-lying wetlands to grow; Ephedra sinica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Aloe Vera have strong drought resistance and are mostly distributed in arid areas. Ophiopogon japonicus and Lycium barbarum in Ningxia like alkaline soil, while Magnolia officinalis and Gardenia like acidic soil. The varieties of roots and underground stems used as medicine should be planted in fertile and loose sandy loam or loam. Therefore, many medicinal plants can only be distributed in certain areas, such as ginseng produced in Jilin, Panax notoginseng produced in Guangxi, Yunnan and so on. The products from these producing areas are of good quality and high yield, which can be used for clinical efficacy. When expanding production for introduction and domestication, the environmental conditions of the newly introduced place are not much different from those of the original place, and it is easy to succeed; If the difference is large, it must be domesticated step by step. Rehmannia glutinosa, safflower, coix seed, gastrodia elata, platycodon grandiflorum, salvia miltiorrhiza, etc. 100. It has been successfully introduced and domesticated in various provinces of China. Dozens of varieties such as belladonna, digitalis, saffron, betel nut and cinchona tree have been successfully introduced from abroad.

Cultivation characteristics of medicinal plants: ① Cultivation is seasonal. The planting period of most varieties is only about half a month to one month, and the planting period of Chuanxiong and Huanglian is only a few days to half a month. ② The on-site management requirements are fine. For example, ginseng, panax notoginseng and coptis chinensis need to set up shade sheds to regulate sunlight, while honeysuckle and Schisandra chinensis need pruning. (3) need to harvest in time. For example, Coptis chinensis needs to be harvested after 5-6 years of growth, Casuarina equisetifolia needs to be harvested after 8-9 months of growth, and the harvesting quality is the best when the corolla changes from yellow to red when safflower blooms. In addition, medicinal fungi such as tremella fuciformis, Poria cocos and Ganoderma lucidum also need special cultivation methods and operation techniques. It is best to transplant one-year-old seedlings in spring and plant them every 1 year thereafter. When transplanting, the hole in the tree should be deep and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. Proper shading is needed at seedling stage to prevent sunburn. In the process of growth, there is no need to trim and shape. When the weather is dry, pay attention to watering more. Adult trees should be furrowed and fertilized every winter after defoliation, so as to have more branches and flowers in the next year. Young plants like wet and fat. The row spacing of transplanted seedlings depends on the time the seedlings are in bed in the nursery. The row spacing of plants that stay in bed for a long time can be larger, generally, it is1.5m×1.5m. Before transplanting small seedlings and large seedlings, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. Aesculus aesculus is generally transplanted after soil thawing, before seedlings sprout or fall leaves, and before soil freezing. Before transplanting big seedlings, the branches should be thinned, such as over-dense branches, overlapping branches, interwoven branches, dead branches and short cut branches. The amount of thinning is about one third. If necessary, some leaves need to be removed to reduce evaporation.