For patients with rheumatoid arthritis who cannot control their condition despite active and formal medical or drug treatment, surgical treatment may be considered to prevent joint damage, correct deformities, and improve quality of life. However, surgery cannot cure rheumatoid arthritis, so postoperative medical treatment is still required. Commonly used surgeries include synovectomy, arthroplasty, soft tissue release or repair surgery, and arthrodesis. ① Synovectomy for early stage (stage I and II) patients who still have joint swelling and pain and synovial hypertrophy after active and formal medical treatment. X-ray shows that the articular cartilage has been invaded. The condition is relatively stable and the affected joints are relatively To prevent further destruction of articular cartilage, synovectomy should be considered. Regular medical treatment is still required after synovectomy. ② Artificial joint replacement is an operation to save joint deformities and relieve symptoms. The hip and knee joints are currently the most commonly replaced joints in clinical practice. The success rate for more than ten years after surgery is over 90%. This surgery has a very clear therapeutic effect on reducing rheumatoid arthritis lesions, joint pain, deformity, dysfunction, and improving daily life ability, especially for those in the middle and late stages, those with severe joint damage, those who cannot work normally due to pain, deformity, and dysfunction, and It is especially effective for living patients. The elbow, wrist and shoulder joints are non-weight-bearing joints. Most patients undergo synovectomy or other orthopedic surgery, as well as other motion compensation between joints, and do not necessarily need joint replacement. For joint replacement of deformed finger joints, the cost is staggering because there are many joints. ③ Other soft tissue surgeries: In addition to joint deformities caused by bony deformities and intra-articular adhesions in rheumatoid arthritis, atrophy of the joint capsule and surrounding muscles and tendons is also one of the causes of joint deformities. Therefore, in order to relieve the joint capsule and joint deformities, To atrophy the surrounding muscles and tendons, in order to correct joint deformities, soft tissue release surgery can be performed, including capsular dissection, capsulotomy, tendon release or lengthening. Since these surgeries are often performed at the same time, they can be It's called arthrolysis. Among them, tendon surgery is the most widely used in the hand. When performing artificial joint replacement, soft tissue release is often required to correct deformity. Soft tissue release is often used to cut off the adductor muscles when the hip joint has adduction deformity to improve joint movement and correct adduction deformity. It can also be used for early correction of deformity in some patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Carpal tunnel syndrome is also often treated with transverse carpal ligament incision and decompression. Bursitis occurs in the shoulder and hip joints of rheumatoid arthritis. If conservative treatment fails, surgical removal is often required. Popliteal cysts are more common in various types of knee arthritis, especially rheumatoid arthritis. They often regress on their own after the original disease is relieved, and occasionally require surgical treatment. Rheumatoid nodules are generally seen in the active stage of the disease and rarely require surgical resection. Only if the nodules are large, painful, and ineffective after conservative treatment, surgical resection is required. ④ Arthrodesis With the successful application of artificial joint replacement, arthrodesis has been rarely used in recent years.