Wild kiwifruit is very suitable for the elderly, children and pregnant women. Widely distributed in Enshi Tujia Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province, Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Province and Qinba Mountain Area.
The main value of wild kiwifruit
I. Nutritional value
1. Kiwifruit is a kind of fruit deeply loved by consumers. Its fruit is tender and juicy, fragrant and delicious, sweet and sour, and extremely rich in nutrition. Its vitamin C content is as high as 100-420mg/ 100g, which is several times or even dozens of times higher than that of citrus, apple and other fruits. At the same time, it also contains a lot of organic substances such as sugar, protein, amino acids and various minerals necessary for human body.
2. Kiwi also contains good soluble dietary fiber. Kiwifruit is rich in meat and fat juice, fragrant and delicious, sweet and sour, and resistant to storage. Fresh fruit harvested at the right time. It can be stored for one month at room temperature without deterioration; It can even be kept fresh at low temperature for more than five or six months. In addition to fresh food, it can also be processed into fruit juice, jam, fruit wine, canned sugar water, dried fruit, preserved fruit and so on. These products are yellow, brown or orange with attractive colors.
3, the flavor is delicious and the nutritional value is no less than that of fresh fruit. Therefore, it has become a health food for workers in navigation, aviation, plateau and high temperature. Kiwi fruit juice has become the first choice for national athletes, and it is also a nourishing product for the old and the weak.
Second, economic value.
1, Kiwifruit is known as the "crown of vitamin C", which has high nutritional value, contains various amino acids and other active substances necessary for human body, and has the functions of clearing away heat, promoting fluid production, strengthening spleen and stopping diarrhea. At the same time, it also has high economic value and brings great economic benefits to fruit farmers. Kiwifruit has strong storage resistance. The harvested fresh fruits were softened separately after 65438 05 days at room temperature. However, if properly harvested, it will become soft after 30 days, and the effect of low-temperature storage will be better.
2, at room temperature, plus the underground storage of ventilation equipment, add ethylene remover. It can be kept for 3 months. If ethylene remover is added in low temperature storage, it can be stored for 6 months. In recent years, wild kiwifruit's nutrition, medicinal value, health care value and eating methods have attracted much attention from consumers. As a kind of green fruit, it is becoming more and more popular in the market, and the price in wild kiwifruit is also rising gradually.
Cultivation in wild kiwifruit
I. Key points of cultivation techniques in wild kiwifruit
Kiwifruit likes to be warm and humid, so it should be cultivated in the leeward, sunny, deep soil layer and close to the water source, and the slope is generally not more than 30 degrees. It is best not to plant in valleys, narrow basins, hilltops or tuyeres. Gardens should be built on the hillside with convenient transportation, loose soil, good drainage, high humus content and slightly acidic or neutral soil. Kiwifruit planting mainly adopts flat-topped scaffolding, which can use the original small-diameter trees as living piles, add some replaceable bamboo piles, and use concrete piles in key parts. Generally, the height of the frame is 1.8m, and it is woven into a "well"-shaped network structure with a line spacing of about 60cm. The row spacing of cultivated plants on flat land is (3 ~ 4) m× (4 ~ 5) m, and that on sloping land is (2.5 ~ 3) m× (3 ~ 4) m.. Sowing and cutting can be used to raise seedlings.
1, sowing and seedling raising. Seed collection and treatment: collect fully mature fruits from September to 65438+1October, pile them up and rot, soften or mash them, knead them, rinse the pulp and peel with water, dry them in the shade to remove impurities, put them in a ventilated place and dry them in the shade, put them in spinning bags and hang them in cold storage. Sand storage treatment was carried out three months before sowing, and seeds were soaked in warm water at 40℃. When the water is cooled to room temperature, the seeds are soaked for 24 hours, then 10 times of fine river sand is added, and the seeds are frequently turned at about 5℃ to accelerate germination for 40-50 days. When the seeds have 1/3 cracks, they can be planted.
Sowing and field management: The ground temperature in spring is 65438 00℃, and it is suitable to sow when the depth is 5cm. Because kiwifruit seeds are very small, they should be sown with fine sand, and the sowing amount should be 0.5 ~ 2g per square meter/kloc-0. After sowing, it is advisable to cover the seeds with a layer of fine sand or humus with a thickness of 0.3 ~ 0.5 cm, and then cover the seedbed with straw.
2. Transplanting. Softwood cuttings are usually carried out in early June. Select the new shoots that grow well in that year, and cut the parts with sufficient tissue as cuttings, each length is about 15cm, leaving 2-3 buds. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the cuttings, usually in greenhouse, seedbed covered with plastic film or field, and insert them in seedbed with fine sand, and the depth of cuttings is 5-6 cm. The cuttings are kept moist in the field, shaded immediately after cutting, and can survive and take root after 1 month.
Second, colonization and tending management
It can be planted in spring and autumn. Because kiwifruit is mostly male and female, attention should be paid to the configuration of pollination trees when planting, and the ratio of male and female plants is 8∶ 1. Before planting, the depth of soil preparation is generally 25 ~ 30 cm. After planting, dig a planting pit with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 35 cm, with a row spacing of 2.5 m×1.5 m, put the seedlings into the planting pit, fully stretch their roots, backfill the mature soil and water it twice, and then gently and steadily cover the soil. When young trees germinate and new shoots begin to grow, topdressing should be carried out for 1 time, and then topdressing can be nitrogen fertilizer urea. The second topdressing is in late July. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can also be topdressing with human excrement and urine to promote the full maturity of branches and vines, which is beneficial to fruit development. Kiwifruit likes warm and humid conditions. Generally, it can be irrigated in combination with fertilization, with antifreeze water before winter and spring irrigation after thawing, which can meet the needs of its growth and fruiting.
Third, plastic pruning and fruit thinning.
Plastic pruning can be carried out in summer and late autumn, and the branches and buds of kiwifruit grow vigorously. Trimming is very important for increasing yield and prolonging the life of fruit. It is mainly shaped by scaffolding, and three main vines are cultivated in the main planting 1 ~ 2 years, and the main bearing branches are cultivated in the third year. Through pruning, the bearing mother branches and their bearing branches on the lateral vines are evenly distributed, and after 3-4 years of cultivation, the vines can be covered on the frame. Irrigation and fertilization can be carried out in spring and autumn.
Plastic surgery depends on scaffolding method, and the scaffolding surface should be fully used to make the branches evenly distributed, so as to achieve the goal of high yield and high quality. Kiwifruit is divided into winter scissors, summer scissors and male scissors before pruning. Pruning in winter is carried out during the period from defoliation to germination in early spring 1 month, with thinning as the main method and proper cutting. Keep more main vines and fruiting branches, and cut off dense branches, thin branches, cross branches and pest branches. Summer pruning is mainly carried out from mid-May to early July, such as sprouting, coring, thinning and binding, and timely erasing the buds on the trunk to arrange space for the branches and vines. Male plants should be pruned after flowering in May and June, leaving only 3-4 branches per plant, but 4-6 buds per branch. When the new bud grows to 1 m, the heart should be removed. Fruit thinning is generally carried out within 1 month after flowering, and intermediate fruits and thinning fruits are left, reaching 1 fruit every 4 ~ 5 leaves. Generally, branches have 1 ~ 2 fruits per 20 cm, weak branches have 5 ~ 6 fruits per 20 ~ 25 cm, and 500 ~ 600 fruits per 50 kg plant are suitable.
How much is a catty in wild kiwifruit?
The average wild kiwifruit tastes sour, and the market price like this is generally 3-5 yuan/kg. There is also a kind of wild kiwifruit fruit with no hair on its surface. The flesh is yellow, it tastes fruity and tastes good, sweet and sour. This market price is 18-30 yuan/kg. In addition, wild kiwifruit is very small, generally less than 50g.
The efficacy of wild kiwifruit
1, wild kiwifruit is as nutritious as the kiwifruit we usually eat, and it has many functions. Contains vitamin C, which can prevent septicemia and make skin whiter. It is also a beauty fruit.
2. wild kiwifruit also has the functions of caring skin, improving immune function, enhancing anti-cancer, anti-aging, softening blood vessels, reducing swelling and diminishing inflammation. It is a very healthy fruit, which is healthier than the artificially cultivated kiwifruit bought on the street.
3. wild kiwifruit's roots have medicinal value, which can clear away heat and toxic materials, promote blood circulation to reduce swelling, induce diuresis, and even be made into soil pesticides to kill insects, which can kill crop pests such as camellia caterpillar, rice borer and aphid.
4. wild kiwifruit's stems contain some sticky gum, which can be used as raw materials for construction or paper making, with good economic value.
5. The leaves of wild kiwifruit contain Vc, amino acids and trace elements, which can be made into health tea, with the effect of losing weight and fighting cancer!
6. The flowers in wild kiwifruit can be extracted and made into edible essence or industrial essence, which can make the best use of them.
The efficacy of wild kiwifruit root
Wild kiwifruit root is a Chinese herbal medicine with remarkable curative effect. Also known as rattan pear root, it is cold. Its main functions are clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain, inducing diuresis, resisting cancer and stimulating appetite. It is effective in treating gastrointestinal cancer and other cancers.
1, treating acute hepatitis
Methods: wild kiwifruit root was decocted with water as tea, which was suitable for patients with chronic hepatitis to take for a long time.
Step 2 treat edema
Methods: wild kiwifruit root was decocted with water as tea, which was suitable for treating edema.
3. Treat postpartum hypogalactia.
Methods: wild kiwifruit root 1 was stewed with pig's trotters.
4. Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Method: Stew lean meat or duck with 50g wild kiwifruit root every day.
5, the treatment of intestinal cancer
Methods: 50 grams of wild kiwifruit root was stewed with lean meat or duck meat 15 to 20 days, and then taken after a few days' rest, with a total of 4 courses of treatment.
6, the treatment of digestive tract cancer
The drug content per 100ml of Tengli root syrup is equivalent to 200g of crude drug of Tengli root. There is also a compound syrup, which is made of Chinese herbal medicines such as rattan pear root and giant knotweed. Oral, each time 10 ~ 20 ml, three times a day. Indications: gastric cancer, intestinal cancer and esophageal cancer. It also has certain curative effect on lung cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer.
The main usage of wild kiwifruit root is decocting with water, or soaking in water, or stewing meat.
Wild kiwifruit's role in soaking wine
1, delaying human aging
Kiwifruit wine contains many antioxidants, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, which can largely eliminate or resist oxygen free radicals, so Kiwifruit wine has the function of delaying aging.
2. Increase appetite
Kiwi wine's clear color, clear and transparent posture, and the mixture of fruit aroma and wine aroma make kiwi wine promote appetite.
3. Effectively prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Kiwifruit wine can increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) in blood, which is a porter of cholesterol, so it can effectively reduce cholesterol in blood and prevent atherosclerosis.
4. Improve immunity
Kiwifruit wine contains antioxidants, which can enhance the body's autoimmune function.
5, whitening skin
Many people like to apply kiwi fruit wine on their faces or use it as emulsion, because low concentration of fruit acid has the effect of anti-wrinkle and skin cleaning. Wild kiwifruit soaking wine has many functions. A glass of wine every day can not only keep beauty beauty healthy, but also keep fit.
Wild kiwifruit grows in a pure wild environment. Because it doesn't use expansion agent, chemical fertilizer and pesticide, the fruit is much smaller than the planted kiwifruit, so it is really pure natural green.