In the east of Linchuan county, there is a protruding highland, facing a stream, called Xincheng. Above the new town, there is a low-lying rectangular pool named Mo Chi of Wang Xizhi. This was described by Xun Bozi of the Southern Song Dynasty in Linchuan Ji. Wang Xizhi once worshipped Zhang Zhi, a calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He practiced calligraphy by this pool, and the water turned black. This is his legacy. Is that really the case? When Wang Xizhi didn't want to be forced to be an official, he traveled all over the East China Sea and rowed on it in order to get ahead of others in the mountains and rivers. Did he ever rest here when he wandered around for fun? Wang Xizhi's calligraphy did not get better until his later years. It seems that his profound attainments are due to his efforts, not his genius. However, no one in later generations can compare with Wang Xizhi. I'm afraid their learning skills are not as good as Wang Xizhi's. It seems that you can reduce your study efforts! What's more, what about people who want to achieve lofty moral achievements?
To the east of Linchuan, the land is hidden and high, so Linxi is a new city. Above the new city, there are pools and depressions, but the sides are long, such as Mo Chi by Wang Xizhi and Linchuan Ji by Xun Bozi. The taste of Xihe River longs for Zhang Zhi, studying in Linchi, and the water in the pool is all black. This is an ancient relic. Do you believe in evil? Fang Xi can't be an official, but he tastes the east and goes out to sea to entertain mountains and rivers. Is it possible to wander around and enjoy this evil? The book of Xi is good at night. If it can, it will cover itself with energy, which is unnatural. Then people who can't reach in the world are not as good as evil people. Then you can learn less! What is the evil of those who want to advance their morality?
Next to Mo Chi is the teaching building of Fuzhou State University. Professor Wang Jun was afraid that Mo Chi's deeds would go into oblivion, so he wrote "Wang Jin You Jun Mo Chi" and hung it between two pillars in front of the door as a souvenir, and said to me, "I hope there is a narrative." I guess Wang Jun's mind is not because he loves other people's strengths, even if he is skilled, he won't let it be buried, so even his body is taken seriously? Or do you want to promote Wang Xizhi's efforts in Linchi to encourage students here? People have a skill, but they still respect their descendants to this extent, not to mention what influence the fashion and virtue left by the benevolent gentleman will have on future generations!
Above Mo Chi, it is now a public school. Professor Wang Junsheng is worried that he can't write a chapter. The book revealed the words "Have an Army". He said to Gong, "I wish I had a note." Pushing Wang Jun's heart, although the lover can be abolished, is it good because of his evil deeds? It also wants to push things to encourage its scholars? My wife's ability enabled future generations to do so. What a pity that the legacy of a benevolent scholar will be treated in the afterlife!
On September 12th, the eighth year of Li Qing, Ceng Gong made a note.
Li Qing on September 12th, eight years, Ceng Gong was recorded.
Appreciation of Mo Chi Ji
Mo Chi is located in Linchuan County, Jiangxi Province. According to legend, it is the place where Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, washed his pens and inkstones. Ceng Gong admired Wang Xizhi's reputation and made a special trip to Linchuan to pay tribute to Mo Chi's remains in September of the eighth year of Li Qing (1048). Wang Sheng (official name), a professor of Chinese studies, asked him to write notes on Mo Chi in Wang Youjun, so Ceng Gong wrote this famous essay "Mo Chi Ji" based on Wang Xizhi's anecdote. It is called "Mo Chi Ji", but the focus is not on "ambition", but on the fact that achievement is not innate, and it depends on hard work to motivate scholars to study hard. The article takes the theory as the key link, notes as the purpose, notes and discussions are intertwined, the outline is concise, the writing is novel and unique, and the viewpoint is accurate. This is indeed a rare masterpiece.
This article is a paper, but before discussing it, it is necessary to record the materials related to Mo Chi. Otherwise, there will be no additional content in the discussion, which will appear floating and empty. If you remember it in detail, you will usurp the role of the host and drown out the topic. Therefore, the author uses the method of combining notes with discussion to record details briefly to highlight the theme of the article. At the beginning, I put pen to paper in order to save risks. According to what Xun Bozi said in Linchuan Ji, his geographical position, environment and appearance were almost alive:
"To the east of Linchuan, the land is hidden and high, so it is called a new city near the stream. . Above the new city, there are pools and depressions, but the sides are long. " At the same time, according to Wang Xizhi's admiration for Zhang Zhi, the legend that "the pond is full of books and the water is black" points out the origin of Mo Chi's name. In fact, there are other legends about Mo Chi besides those described in Linchuan Ji. Because the purpose of this article is to make sense, not to remember the pool, it is omitted. The simplicity of language can be described as cherishing ink as gold. Motta's narrative is not complicated, but it lays the track for discussion. Then the article is engaged in tracing back Wang Xizhi's life experience of retiring from officialdom. According to the Book of Jin, Wang Shu was as famous as he was when he was young, but he was very light. When the appointment was to review the internal history, it was described as Yang Chuan's secretariat, and Hezhi became his subordinate. Later, Wang Shu, the magistrate of Huiji County, was ashamed, so he said that he was sick and left his job, and swore at his parents' grave that he would never come out as an official again. For this experience of Wang Xizhi, the author only used one sentence: "Fang Xizhi can't be a strong official"? After a brief narration, I recounted the scene of Wang Xizhi wandering freely and indulging in the mountains and rivers: "It is also very important to recount the paragraph" How can you wander freely but taste evil when you taste the extreme east pole and go out to the sea to entertain the nature between mountains and rivers? " It highlights Wang Xizhi's thought of being upright and free from dust and vulgarity, which is the ideological basis and good spiritual temperament of Wang Xizhi's study of calligraphy. Structurally speaking, the sentence "Taste this evil again" proves that Wang Xizhi used the book of setting questions in Linchuan, which was linked with Mo Chi, a scholar of literature, and provided a basis for the following discussion. Then, on the basis of notes, the article turned to discussion; " The Book of Xi is good at night, and it is unnatural to do whatever you want. Yu He said in "On the Desk": "The book of Xi is strange from beginning to end and extremely incomparable. In its last few years, it was the ultimate creation. Try ten cursive scripts. They are too bright to show their wings. Wing gasp in admiration, because the book Xi says,' I once had ten Zhang Boying cursive scripts, but I lost them when crossing the river, and they often lost their wonderful traces forever. "I suddenly saw the first step in writing back to my brother, radiant as if with the help of God, and returned to the old view." This shows that Wang Xizhi kept pace with Zhang Zhi, the "sage of grass", in his later years, and that the saying that "The Book of Xi became late" is based on facts and convincing. So, what is the fundamental reason for Xi Zhi's good calligraphy? That is the result of concentration, hard study and hard practice, not born. At this point, the reason lies in lack of diligence, which further illustrates the importance of studying hard. Finally, the moral cultivation of feudal literati is extended along the meaning, and it is pointed out that "further study of morality" is also indispensable. In this way, the positive and negative arguments reveal the theme of the article layer by layer along the meaning. However, the author's exploration of the topic did not stop there. After briefly describing the course of Wang Sheng, a professor of Chinese studies, the article turns to the discussion: "Pushing Wang Jun's heart and loving others' kindness, though not abolished, is it really because of his evil deeds?" "Does he also want to push and encourage him to learn?" Although this is a guess of Wang Jun's intention, it is actually the author's good intention to take notes. Then, with material extension, further discussion: "My wife's ability makes future generations still do this, and the legacy of a kind Shi Zhuang is not so good for the afterlife." From Wang Xizhi's excellent calligraphy, the author extended it to the education and virtue of "benevolent scholars", encouraging people not only to have "one skill", but also to study the moral cultivation of feudal literati, thus deepening the meaning of the text. Ceng Gong is an "orthodox" ancient prose writer. His articles have a strong color of defending morality, and also clearly reveal his traditional thought of defending morality.
In the reasoning prose with "Ji" as the genre in the Song Dynasty, it is rare to see a style that is attached to "Ji" and mainly discusses. The ideological meaning of Zuiwengting is that "the meaning of Zuiwengting is not in wine" and "it is also between mountains and rivers". But isn't this "meaning" based on the "discussion" table? Through the description of natural scenery, the contrast between mountains and rivers, the change of dusk and the change of seasons, the achievements are revealed. The focus of Yueyang Tower is not to remember the building, but to reveal the personal nature of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later". In the way of lyricism, the author adopts the technique of touching the scene and feeling, so the article lays out the pen and ink and writes the unpredictable scenery of Yueyang Tower in an idyllic space. However, there are few words used to remember "Chi" in The Collection of Mo Chi, but many words are discussed. It's not a comment after narration, but a mixture of notes and comments. Although there are more discussions than records, there are no disadvantages of disconnection and digression, and it feels natural to read. It can be said that Mo Chi Ji broke away from other people's stereotypes and found its own way.
I. Introduction of Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi was born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 303 AD and began to learn calligraphy at the age of seven. His first teacher was his uncle and famous female calligrapher Mrs. Wei Shuofu. Wang Xizhi first studied printing, and when he was old, he began to create his own style, with his own system and originality. His running script is lively, and his feelings are fully expressed in the shelf structure. His most famous calligraphy work is Preface to Lanting. This is his work completed in 353 AD. At that time, Wang Xizhi invited 4 1 relatives and friends to hold a field activity in Lanting in the countryside. They sat on both sides of the stream, put feathers (a kind of portable wine glasses) on the surface of the water, and went down the river. Each of them took turns to write poems with drinks. Anyone who can't write poetry will be fined. Twenty-six people wrote poems that day and wrote 35 poems. With a little drunk, Wang Xizhi made an impromptu gesture, prefaced these poems and wrote the Preface to Lanting. Preface to Lanting is considered as the greatest work in China's calligraphy history, and its original work was later taken away by Emperor Taizong as a funerary object. Although the original Preface to Lanting was lost in 650 AD, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy had a great influence on China's calligraphy. Tang Taizong's preference for Preface to Lanting prompted more calligraphers to learn and copy Wang Xizhi's fonts.
Second, Ceng Gong introduced.
Ceng Gong (10 19 ~ 1083) was an essayist in the northern song dynasty. One of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. The word is solid. Jianchangjun was from Nanfeng (now Jiangxi). Jia Ernian (1057) was a scholar. He has served as a collator, a talent-gathering proofreader, and a proofreader of records, and has been an official in Chinese books. Ceng Gong, who came from Ouyang Xiu School, fully accepted Ouyang Xiu's thought of writing ancient prose after Taoism, and paid more attention to Taoism than Ouyang Xiu. Therefore, Ceng Gong's prose is relatively unemotional and literary among the Eight Masters. But Zeng Wen is good at discussing. His political essays are simple in language, incisive in argument and tortuous in reasoning. For example, Book of Sheren by Shang Ouyang Xiu, Book of Bachelor by Shang Cai, Preface to Ang Lee's Second Life and Preface to Wang Pingfu's Anthology were all written by Xu Wei, which is similar to Ouyang Xiuwen. Narrative texts are often discussed, such as Crystal's Blood Donation and Mochi, which all talk about the past and the present in narrative. Ceng Gong can still write poems, and there are more than 400 existing poems, among which the seven-character poems are the most successful, but they are covered up by the literature and are not paid much attention to. Today, there are 50 volumes of Yuanfeng manuscripts, and there are four sets of photocopies.
Third, the record of Wang Xizhi in the history books.
Xi's elegance likes eating and nourishing, and she is not happy in the capital. When you first cross Zhejiang, you must be indomitable. Huiji has beautiful mountains and rivers, and many celebrities live there ... I once wrote to others: "Zhang Zhi is studying by the pool, and the water in the pool is all black. If you are worrying, it may not be the last one. "
After Xi became an official, he traveled with Japanese people, fishing and entertaining. ..... all over the eastern counties, poor mountains, the sea. Sighed: "I should die of joy."
-"The Book of Jin, Wang Xizhi Biography" Volume 80
Xun Bozi's Linchuan Ji said: "Wang Xizhi tasted the internal history of Linchuan and lived in the east high slope of the county, which is a new city. It is adjacent to Huixi, which is specially paved with layers of mounds. Its land is cool and picturesque. Laojing and Mo Chi are still there. "
-Music History Taiping Universe Volume 1 10