2. Files are divided into flat files (flat files), square files, semi-circular files, round files, triangular files, diamond files and knife files according to the section shape. Flat file is used for filing plane, cylindrical surface and convex arc surface; Square file is used to file square holes, long square holes and narrow planes; Triangular files are used to file internal corners, triangular holes and planes; Semi-circular file is used to file concave curved surfaces and planes; Circular file is used to file round holes, concave cambered surfaces with smaller radius and elliptical surfaces.
3. According to file types, files are divided into single files and double files. The cutter teeth of single file are inclined at a certain angle with the axis, which is suitable for processing soft non-ferrous metals; The main file and the auxiliary file of the double-edged file are alternately arranged, and are used for processing steel and nonferrous metals. It can divide a wide file into many small pieces to make the file lighter.
4. Files are divided into I ~ V numbers according to the number of main file stripes per 10 mm length, where I is coarse file, II is medium file, III is fine file, and IV and V are smooth files, which are used for rough machining and finishing respectively. The diamond file has no file, but a layer of diamond powder is electroplated on the surface of the file to file hard metal.
Extended data:
Principles of file selection
1, the choice of file section shape
The cross-sectional shape of the file should be selected according to the shape of the parts to be filed, so that the shapes of the two can be adapted. When filing the inner cambered surface, choose semi-circular file or circular file (small diameter workpiece); When filing the inner corner surface, choose a triangular file; When filing the inner right angle surface, you can choose a flat file or a square file.
When selecting the inner right angle face of flat file, pay attention to make the narrow face (smooth edge) of the file toothless close to the side of the inner right angle face so as not to hurt the right angle face.
2, the choice of file tooth thickness
The thickness of the file tooth should be selected according to the allowance size, machining accuracy and material properties of the machined workpiece. Coarse tooth file is suitable for workpieces with large machining allowance, low dimensional accuracy, large form and position tolerance, large surface roughness and soft materials. Instead, choose a fine tooth file.
When used, it should be selected according to the machining allowance, dimensional accuracy and surface roughness required by the workpiece.
3. Selection of file size specifications
The size and specification of the file should be selected according to the size and machining allowance of the workpiece to be machined. When the machining size is large and the allowance is large, the file with large size should be selected, otherwise, the file with small size should be selected.
4, the choice of file tooth line
The file tooth pattern should be selected according to the properties of the workpiece material to be filed. When filing soft materials such as aluminum, copper and low carbon steel, it is best to choose a single tooth pattern (milling tooth) file. Single-tooth file has the advantages of large rake angle, small wedge angle, large chip groove, difficult chip blocking and sharp cutting edge.
reference data
Baidu Encyclopedia-Files