A: Japan was first connected with the Asian continent in the Paleolithic Age. Tens of thousands of years ago, primitive people lived here. Some people speculate that this may be because primitive people came from the mainland to hunt wild animals. Rope pattern era (BC 1 10,000 to the 3rd century BC) The era when rope pattern pottery was used. About 1 10,000 years ago, climate warming and rising sea level caused Japan to separate from the mainland and become an archipelago. People domesticated dogs to catch deer and wild boar, and at the same time invented bows and arrows, which increased the capture of prey. In addition to fishing, people also collect horse chestnut seeds, acorns, walnuts and plant bulbs. People try to get enough food so that they have free time to grind stone tools and burn pottery. Moreover, the range of food has been expanded by starting to eat cooked food. In this way, human beings can settle down in one place for a long time and build vertical caves to live in. The vertical cave is centered on the square, and several families live together, and shells and food scraps are discarded around it to form a shell pile. But this kind of food can't be preserved for a long time, and it is difficult to accumulate the surplus products in someone's hand. In the primitive society where there was no class opposition, fashion did not find any sites and remains reflecting the wealth and power of specific groups. At that time, under the condition of low productivity, the natural resources were limited, so people made strict rules to protect nature within the group. At the same time, witchcraft prevailed, stone sticks and clay dolls appeared, and people had the habit of pulling teeth. People also pray for the abundance of nature. By the end of this era, especially in western Japan, there was a trend of trying to break through the hunting, fishing and gathering economy. Recently, a paddy field site planted with late-rope rice was discovered in Banfu site in Fukuoka Prefecture. The period when Yayoi pottery was used (300 BC-300 AD). According to the form of pottery, it can be divided into three stages: the first, the middle and the last stage. In the early stage, it expanded from Kyushu to Gyeonggi area (East Japan was still at the end of the rope pattern era) and spread to the northeast in the middle stage. The early flat-edged stone axe in Kitakyushu is similar to the mainland culture in terms of ground stone tools, bronzes and stone tombs. Yayoi culture has advanced farming techniques from the beginning, which is generally considered to be influenced by Korean immigrants. After the middle period, irrigation technology has been improved and agricultural production has gradually stabilized. In the later period, iron farm tools became popular and stone tools basically disappeared. Bronze ritual vessels, such as bronze priests, bronze swords, bronze spears and bronze daggers, are developed, and social division of labor such as ironmaking and salt making has emerged. Through trade and war, a unified political regional group was formed. At this time, Hokkaido can't grow rice, and it is still in the stage of rope culture. The ancient grave era (300-600 AD) prevailed in the era of building ancient graves. Ancient tombs, large and small, centered on Nara Prefecture, are scattered in a vast area from Fukushima Prefecture in the north to Kumamoto Prefecture and Oita Prefecture in the south. In the 5th century, it expanded from Miyagi Prefecture to Kagoshima Prefecture. Ancient tombs only buried tribal leaders and were built by tribal members. In the 5th century, the primitive ownership began to disintegrate, the extended family developed into production units and movable property ownership units, and conflicts of interest occurred within the primitive tribes. Since the middle of the fifth century, the civil war between powerful tribes in Guinea has intensified. Some powerful tribes are related to the mockingbird tomb and the ancient city tomb where the five kings of Japan appeared. In the sixth century, the emerging forces of the system of succession to the emperor unified the tribes in the east of the capital and established the status of the king. Kitakyushu forces, led by MICHELLE Iwai's construction, had hoped to gain a similar status and resist, but this resistance had been defeated before obtaining this status. During the civil war, local leaders granted tribal members the right to build small ancient graves to enhance their combat effectiveness. Therefore, in the second half of the 5th century, the ancient grave, which used to be only the head tomb, evolved into a small ancient grave (cluster grave). This trend further developed in the 6th century. More than100000 ancient tombs have been built all over Japan. The main part of the ancient tomb also adopted a horizontal cave stone chamber. Several generations of family members are buried in the stone chamber, with weapons as the center. After death, there are necessities of life, such as hui utensils and earthenware utensils. However, the appearance of a large number of small ancient tombs has gradually weakened the nature of ancient tombs as rulers' buildings. Therefore, from the end of the 6th century to the beginning of the 7th century, Japanese monarchs tried their best to build monasteries in Guinea, and at the same time restricted the construction of small ancient tombs, while kings and powerful nobles were buried in large square tombs modeled after the mausoleum of Emperor China. In this way, the era of ancient graves is coming to an end, and the so-called "thin burial order" of Dahua further encourages this tendency, leaving only the ancient graves of middle-class nobles in Gaosong, which are small but gorgeous. The ancient tombs in Guandong and Northeast China ended later than in western Japan, and the round tombs were still under construction until the first half of the seventh century. Asuka period (600-700 AD) and Asuka period were named after torii in Nara Prefecture (now Asuka Village, then the capital of Fujiwara). Buddhism spread through Baekje during this period. Su, one of the two major forces in the imperial court, supported Buddhism, while Wu, another force, supported traditional Shintoism. There was a fierce conflict between the two sides. In the battle of folding clothes in 587, Suvo Ma Zi defeated the Ministry of Property and gained control of the imperial court. In 592 A.D., a royal woman who was related by marriage to the Su family ascended the throne and became Emperor Tugu. She nominated Shoto Kutaishi (Prince of Stairs Gate) as Regent and carried out political reforms centered on strengthening imperial power. Shoto Kutaishi formulated Twelve Orders and Seventeen Constitutions, which laid the foundation of China's bureaucracy. At the same time, envoys and international students were sent to study in the Sui Dynasty. In order to maintain his autocracy, Su I strongly opposed the political reform. Su I entered Luyi and killed his son, the prince of northern Shaanxi. In 645, Prince Zhong Da (Emperor Tianzhi) and Nakatomino Kamatari (Fujiwara Sickle Foot) conspired to assassinate Su I and entered Luyi, ending Su I's dictatorship. In the same year, Emperor Kotoku acceded to the throne, issued a new imperial edict to reform Dahua, and promoted Dahua's innovation. In 660, Baekje was destroyed in the Tang Dynasty. In order to revive its tributary Baekje, Japan sent troops to Korea, and was defeated by the joint forces of Tang Dynasty and Silla in Baicun River. In 668, Emperor Tianzhi ascended the throne, imitating the household registration management system of the Tang Dynasty, and in 670, the earliest national household registration was carried out. In 672, Emperor Tianzhi died, and his son, the Prince of Judah, succeeded him as Emperor Hong Wen. Prince Hailmann, the younger brother of Emperor Tianzhidi, competed with him for a position, and war broke out. This is the famous Renshen rebellion in history. Prince Hairin defeated Hong Wen in Gifu County and became Emperor Wu of Heaven. During the period of Emperor Tianwu, the earliest coin "Fudu" appeared in Japan. 70 1 year (Dabao Year), Dabao Law was promulgated. In 7 10, the Yuan and Ming emperors moved their capital to Pingchengjing, and the Asuka period ended. Nara was the capital of Nara (Heichengjing) during the Nara period (from 7 10 to 784 AD). From 7 10 (the third year of copper), Pingcheng well was its capital, and it was moved to Changgangjing in 784 (the third year of extension) for 74 years. It is the heyday of the legal society, which is manifested in the political and economic system, class relations, culture and foreign relations. At this time, political struggles within the nobility continued to occur. After the change of Prince Nagaya, Fujiwara's four clean-ups, the orange brothers fought for power with monk Yun Xuan, Fujiwara's Hirohito Rebellion, and Fujiwara Nakama rejected the royal family to become the first non-royal Zheng Tai minister. The Buddhist Taoist mirror used filial piety to restore the emperor, punish Fujiwara Nakama and promote the French king, in an attempt to covet the throne by abdicating, weakening the absolute authority of the emperor's dictatorship. During the reign of Ren Guang and Emperor Kanmu, the imperial court tried to rectify the chaotic political situation, reduce financial expenditure, reform the military system, expand its territory to the northeast, seek plastic surgery and re-strengthen the legal system. The Heian period (794- 1 190), a historical era with Heian Jing (Kyoto) as its capital, began in 794 (13th year of Yan Li) and finally established the Kamakura shogunate in 1 185 (the first year of Wenzhi), which lasted for 400 years. Divided into three periods. The early period (794-967) was a period when laws and regulations were relaxed but continued to be used. The middle period (968- 1068) is the establishment and heyday of social politics. The later period (1069- 1 190) was the peaceful regime period of the Yuan government. The medieval Kamakura era (A.D. 1 185 to A.D. 1333) was the era of Wu regime with Kamakura as the national political center. It started in 1 185 (the first year of Wen Zhi) and ended in 1333 (the second year of Zhengqing and the third year of Justin), lasting 149 years. There were other theories: 1 180, 1 183, 1 192 (Yuan Laichao was appointed as a foreign general). After defeating the Ping family, Yuan Laichao made an enemy with his younger brother Yuan Yijing at the instigation of (the then emperor). Later, the Book of Changes was transferred to Fujiwara's home in Austria, and Lai forced Fujiwara's family to kill the Book of Changes. However, two months after the death of Yijing, Fujiwara's family in Austria was destroyed by the Kamakura shogunate. After the death of Yuanlaichao, the regime of the shogunate began to be controlled by his wife, Seiko Kitajima, and his father, Seiko Kitajima (also known as General Nini). Kitajima used the position of executive power to elevate the general, and even after the death of the third generation general, he married the noble Fujiwara and even the prince from Kyoto as the general. Since then, the shogunate regime has been led by the hereditary executive power of North Island. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan invaded Japan twice during the reign of North Island. In the later period, tokugawa era gradually declined and could not be maintained. Finally, Daigo and his troops were defeated by the general and Ueno clan. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties (1334- 1392), after Daigo, the Weiqi player, eliminated the Kamakura shogunate, he resumed the kingship for the first time and implemented the New Deal, which was called the Jianwu New Deal in history. Because the New Deal did not meet the requirements of the samurai, it only reused the nobles in Kyoto, which attracted the dissatisfaction of the samurai. Among them, the first step to respect the history of general is even more dissatisfied. Although he was honored by the emperor's name, he still wanted to open a government. As a result, Ashikaga respected the teacher and forced Go Daigo to abdicate. The new emperor Guangming made him a general to conquer foreign countries. It's from the northern dynasty. After Daigo abdicated, the three artifacts symbolized by the Emperor retreated to Yamato Yoshino (now Nara Prefecture) for the use of the Southern Dynasties. At this point, the Northern and Southern Dynasties finally formed, and the history books also called "two emperors in Nanjing in one day". After many attacks and defenses, the power of the Southern Dynasties declined. Finally, the Emperor of the Southern Dynasties handed over three artifacts to the Emperor of the Northern Dynasties, ending the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Muromachi era (A.D. 1392- A.D. 1573), Ashikaga was originally a giant Ueno and a relative of the Kamakura shogunate, Xuanlaichao. Ashikazu opened a shogunate in Muromachi, Kyoto, as the Muromachi shogunate. The unification of the Northern and Southern Dynasties was carried out by the third generation general ashikaga yoshimitsu, who attempted to usurp the throne after reunification. But after his death, the fourth generation general Ashikaga Yoshimochi stopped it. When Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the eighth generation general, was in power, Ren Ying rebellion broke out because of the issue of inheritance, and the authority of the shogunate went from bad to worse. The13rd generation general Ashikaga Yi Hui was killed, and his younger brother Ashikaga Yoshiaki was founded by Oda Xintai. Later, due to opposition to Xintai's exile, the shogunate perished and officially entered the Antu Taoshan era. During the recent Antu Taoshan period (A.D. 1573-A.D. 1603), Nobuyuki Oda gradually became the most powerful military leader in China after the shogunate was destroyed in the first year of Tianzheng (A.D. 1573), and began to actively expand his ruling territory until the tenth year of Tianzheng (A.D./KL). However, in the same year, Akechi Mitsuhide launched the change of Boneng Temple, Nobuhiko Oda disappeared, Oda Nobutada, the eldest son, was forced to commit suicide, and the whole Oda clan immediately fell into chaos. At this time, Yukio Hatoyama, the department of Oda family, defeated Akechi Mitsuhide in the battle of Yamazaki, and gained an advantage in the later family meeting. In the battle of cheap Yue the following year, he defeated another important official and successfully integrated Oda's territory. 1584, a battle broke out between Yukio Hatoyama and Tokugawa Ieyasu, a local famous soldier in the East China Sea. After some confrontation, the two sides reconciled and formed an alliance. In the same year, Osaka Castle was built, and Yukio Hatoyama took it as a base and began to plan for the reunification of the country. After four large-scale Crusades, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who was given the surname by the Emperor in 1590, completed the unification of the whole country, which made Japan enter the first peaceful period in a hundred years, and the actual political center of the whole country was transferred to Toyotomi in Osaka. Since then, Toyotomi Hideyoshi has encouraged businesses to expand their financial resources, continue to promote the work of national land inspectors and sword hunting orders, and weaken the fiefs of famous houses by various means. From 65438 to 0592, he launched two wars of aggression against Korea, which was called the War of Lu Wenqing. This war not only caused great losses to the famous western Japanese, but also caused a serious economic burden to the Toyotomi family and caused a serious division among ministers. 1598 Toyotomi Hideyoshi died, and the whole country fell into chaos again. At that time, Tokugawa Ieyasu, the most powerful male, took control of the power center of Osaka Castle by political means, which aroused the dissatisfaction of most male celebrities and civil servants in Toyotomi Hideyoshi. 1600, the disgruntled Daming attacked Tokugawa Ieyasu under the banner of Ishida Mitsunari, a civilian, and the door god of Daming. The two sides fought in the battle of Guanyuan. As a result, Tokugawa Ieyasu won a great victory and became the actual ruler of this country. 1603, the emperor decreed him as a general to conquer foreign countries, thus entering the edo period. After the Edo period (A.D. 1603-A.D. 1868), Japan entered a long period of peace: 16 16, Toyotomi died in Osaka after the war, and the power center of the whole country was concentrated in Tokugawa's hands in Edo. By closing the country to the outside world and banning Christianity, the country was effectively managed under the feudal system centered on the edo shogunate. Modern Meiji (1868 turn191) Taisho (19 1 1 turn 1926) Showa (/kloc)