First, scientific pruning
Pruning peach trees is very important, and the time is divided into winter pruning: natural happy type, two main branches happy type and oblique palm leaf fan type. In summer, coring is the main pruning method to control overgrowth. The wound should be coated with antiseptic film in time to help the wound heal as soon as possible and prevent the glue from flowing and infecting other diseases.
Second, effective measures to promote fruit
1, some peach trees with less pollen have poor self-pollination effect, so they must be used as pollination trees with other peach trees. Some varieties can be cross-pollinated by planting more than two varieties, which can improve the seed setting rate. For varieties with no pollen or a small amount of pollen, artificial pollination or bee pollination should be carried out to improve the fruit setting rate.
2. Shoot control to promote flowers and fruits: Peach trees are easy to flow and fall off, which seriously affects fruit growth. You can use the ring-tying technique of "Flower-promoting King 1" to prevent gum and water diseases, control peeling, make the growth function of peach trees change to reproductive function, and improve the fruit setting rate of peach trees.
Third, orchard fertilization.
The principle of fertilization requires that the fertilizer used shall not have adverse effects on the orchard environment and fruit varieties, and shall be registered or exempted from registration by the administrative department of agriculture, and it is advocated to carry out formula fertilization and balanced fertilization according to the nutritional analysis of soil and leaves.
(1) Base fertilizer: applied after autumn fruits are harvested, mainly organic fertilizers, such as compost, manure, manure, green manure, straws and weeds. Mixed with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The application amount of base fertilizer generally accounts for 70% of the total annual fertilization of fruit trees.
(2) Topdressing: In the early stage of fruit development of young trees and fruit-bearing trees, topdressing is mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers; In the later stage of fruit development, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mainly applied. The last topdressing was carried out 30 days before fruit harvesting. During the period from 20 days after the leaves of peach trees are unfolded to 20 days before the leaves fall, in addition to spraying foliar fertilizer, Zhuangguodiling 1 time is sprayed before flowering, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage of peach trees, which can make the pedicels and fruit stalks of peach trees thicker, prevent falling flowers and fruits and improve the fruit expansion speed.
Fourth, thinning flowers and fruits.
Timely fruit thinning and fruit setting for varieties with high self-flowering and fruit setting rate, it is necessary to timely flower thinning and fruit setting, and the sooner the better; Varieties with no pollen or low self-flowering rate only thin fruit and not flowers. Fruit thinning should end within 2 weeks after flowering, and try to choose fruits on high-quality fruit branches with a length of 5-30 cm and a thickness of 0.3-0.5 cm. Choose 2-3 fruits for each long fruit branch, 1-2 fruits for the middle fruit branch and 1 fruit for the short fruit branch, and keep the fruit spacing between 15-20cm.
Apply general tree protection to prevent glue from flowing, rot and festering.
1. Prevention and treatment of gummosis in fruit trees: clear gummosis in gummosis areas, apply latex to protect trees, and permeate cationic active elements into trees, which can destroy pectin synthetic substances in trees, inhibit the occurrence of gummosis, make gum molecules hydrolyze rapidly, and completely eradicate all kinds of gummosis in fruit trees.
2. Prevention and treatment of rotten canker: gently scrape the diseased skin with a blade (vibration can make rotten spores fly), and apply tree protection liquid with a brush. After 3 days, the diseased skin dries, and after 30 days, the diseased skin infected with dead spores begins to fall off.
Sixth, the new highlights of bagging technology
Spraying the fruit surface with a new high-fat film at the young fruit stage, and then spraying an appropriate amount as the fruit expands, similar to putting on a fruit bag, can significantly improve the smoothness of the fruit surface, increase the color, reduce pests and pesticide residues, and produce pollution-free fruits.