Due to the continuous improvement of China's market economy, marketing has penetrated into various enterprises, and people will have a deeper understanding of the concept of marketing, so the demand for talents in this field will continue to be optimistic and may continue to heat up. With the commercialization of China's housing system and the vigorous development of commercial housing credit business, the purchase of commercial housing has become the first choice for most people in China, and the competition among real estate developers has become increasingly fierce. The most effective means of promotion is to hire a real estate salesman. With the sharp price reduction of automobiles and the increase of national income year by year, it is no longer a myth that automobiles will enter more than one third of families in China in 2 1 century. Therefore, car marketers will also be popular in the workplace. After the "hard work" in the 1990s, insurance salesman will also become a hot job in the 20th century. Therefore, the overall demand for marketing professionals will increase.
Business administration ranks third among the popular majors before 10, and a foreign language with such discipline requirements only needs to know the basic professional terms. English is not particularly demanding. Other popular majors include bioengineering, life science, news media and so on. The economic management you mentioned is business management.
A survey of popular majors and career trends in colleges and universities
As early as four years ago, Premier Zhu put forward the strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education", which shows the important position of education in national construction. As high school students, our studies are heavy, but we have no regrets, because we yearn for college life. College students are the key figures in society, and their career choice trend and popular majors offered by universities have always been concerned by people. In this regard, we also conducted an investigation.
Our research is divided into two stages. First, a questionnaire survey. We sampled 80 copies, actually distributed 80 copies, and recovered 70 valid questionnaires, with a recovery rate of 90% and a confidence level of 90%. In the questionnaire survey, we designed 8 questions. In terms of understanding hot industries, college students generally think that they are "familiar", accounting for 85%, "very familiar" is 10%, and "unfamiliar" is 5%. College students think the most popular industries are: lawyers, IT, accounting and insurance agents. Judging from the statistical results, the profession of lawyer has been attached importance by more and more people, and IT has defeated the hot IT industry in recent years with a slight advantage in the investigation. In the column of "Which industry would you choose for employment", college students generally choose IT and civil servants as two popular industries. The reason why they are willing to engage in it is simple, with high salary and good development prospects. The proportion of choosing occupation and personal interest is also relatively high in the questionnaire, close to 90%. It is not difficult to see that college students' mentality in choosing a job is relatively relaxed, and they will try their best to choose their favorite career. Please see the questionnaire for specific survey data!
The problem of investigation
1. Hot industry knowledge 2. Hot jobs. Career choice 4. The relationship between the selected major and the popular occupation. Career choice. Adaptability of university disciplines to social needs. Career choice and personal hobbies. The necessity of learning English well.
Statistical results (%)
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.A knows (10) B knows (85) C doesn't know (5) lawyer (35) B accountant (15) C insurance agent (20) d it (. C inconsistent (10) A finance (20) B IT(35) C civil servants (20)05) A like (90) B popular (10) A certain (30) B not necessarily (25) C as needed (25) D object (20)
In fact, our questionnaire survey is only a general understanding of the current situation of college students' job hunting. In fact, college students' career choice is a very broad category, which includes not only personal internal factors such as professional values, career ideals, personal situation, career preferences, employment preparation, but also external factors such as family, region, living environment, popular concepts, employment policies and career opportunities. There is a huge contrast between the employment expectation of graduates and the actual needs of society, and there is also a big gap between the ability and quality of graduates and the requirements of employers, which still needs more attention from society and the public.
In our oral interviews with recent graduates of several universities in Changzhou, we got more information.
First, the top five factors that college students should consider when choosing a unit and a career are: meeting their personal interests, giving full play to their personal strengths, being well paid, being employed in a big city, and having a professional counterpart.
Secondly, according to the nature of the unit where graduates work, the order of the number of graduates is: foreign-funded enterprises, state-owned enterprises, primary and secondary schools, financial institutions, institutions of higher learning, joint ventures, private enterprises, government agencies, scientific research units, national defense and military units, and others.
Thirdly, students pay more attention to the treatment and reputation of the unit when choosing the unit and occupation, and whether they can solve the hukou and housing has become the most concerned issue.
Fourthly, according to the differences, the order of college students' self-evaluation is: computer, foreign language level, ability to solve practical problems, sense of competition, sense of challenge, ability of expression, interpersonal skills, sense of innovation, courage and social adaptability.
A) It is not difficult to see from the above survey results that the comprehensive quality of college students has been greatly improved and their self-confidence is getting stronger and stronger. They are not afraid of the competition in hot industries, and all want to be the best in the enterprise.
B) But hope is hope after all, and there is still a gap between it and practice. Especially after China's entry into WTO, it will not only have a great impact on China's economy, but also change the society's demand for talents. Generally has the following characteristics; With the increase of employment opportunities, the difficulty of employment increases; The status of talents has improved and the competition for talents has intensified; Planned allocation decreases and market allocation increases. In a positive sense, China's entry into WTO will promote the transformation, softening and upgrading of traditional crafts, the expansion of trade import and export, the acceleration of agricultural modernization and the great development of service industry. The development of various industries provides a broad space for the growth of talents and promotes the reorganization of all kinds of talents in a wider scope. But at the same time, more and more foreign companies are entering China, which will not only provide more employment opportunities, but also raise the employment threshold. Jobs with low knowledge content will be eliminated first, and jobs with high knowledge and technology content will become the focus of employers' competition.
Faced with this form, the psychological pressure of college students can be imagined. No wonder not long ago, a college student committed suicide by taking poison for fear that he would not find a job after graduation. In fact, the pressure on our high school students is not heavy. Facing the college entrance examination, choosing a job requires hard work. People are calling for strengthening students' comprehensive quality, but how to strengthen it has puzzled everyone. There is a saying that is good; "A student's mind is not a full container, but a fire that needs to be lit." We need society, teachers and parents to give us more opportunities and wider choices.
Members of the research group: Zhou Ting, Bao Fang, Gu Shunfa and Yu Zhen.
Instructor: Yu
2002.3.24
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Recently, the relevant departments conducted a nationwide sampling survey on the current social needs of various majors, and announced the top 50 majors with the greatest social needs.
Engineering majors are still the hot spots of social demand, accounting for 29 of the top 50, mainly focusing on architecture, machinery, computer, electronics, automation and other majors. Among them, architecture, industry and civil engineering tied for sixth place, architecture ranked 34th, water supply and drainage and heating ranked 38th, and heating ventilation and air conditioning engineering ranked 4 1.
Pedagogy majors include 1 1, and economic management majors also occupy a place. For example, accounting ranked ninth, marketing ranked 14, business administration ranked 27th, and the popular international trade in previous years retreated to 49th.
Among liberal arts majors, English major ranks 2 1, secretarial major ranks 25, law major ranks 37, and Chinese language and literature ranks 48.
Analysis of future hot majors
According to the forecast of relevant departments, with the advent of the knowledge economy era, the popular occupations in the 2 1 century are undergoing tremendous changes compared with the traditional popular occupations. If the first modernization is from an agricultural society to an industrial society, then the second modernization is from an industrial society to a knowledge society. The second modernization will run through 2 1 century, which is closely related to us. When we step into the 2 1 century, we can find that knowledge, networking and internationalization are the characteristics of the new era that we need to face. Accordingly, the hot work in the future mainly includes the following categories: the increasing popularity of network talents and the gradual establishment of global information infrastructure networks are making digital informatization easy. More people will shop online, enjoy medical care and other online services, or receive distance education; Enterprises can also order and sell goods through the internet. The network extends to every corner of society, and the operation of society will depend more and more on computer network, which makes computer network talents become the hottest talents in the future 10. Computer network talents refer to senior technical personnel who have received system professional training, have network knowledge and can use, maintain, install and develop network systems. In other words, such talents can not only establish, use and maintain computer network systems, but also optimize and develop computer networks. They are responsible for ensuring the smoothness and safety of information channels, and also for ensuring the rapid, accurate and full utilization of information channels. Network talents should not only learn theoretical knowledge and update network knowledge quickly, but also have practical ability. At present, thousands of students around the world receive online training every year. After four semesters of online examination, if you pass the CCNA certification examination of the International Examination Certification Center (which is a globally recognized online qualification grade examination), you will become a qualified online talent. Web page production has become a hot industry abroad. With the development of Internet, more and more businesses settle down on the Internet, and the design and production of web pages has become a specialized industry. Many people who have expertise in web design and production have found their place. Some smart businesses have also saved a lot of money from hiring amateur web designers, and they are willing to get what they want. New york Branch of Melland Bank planned to design a new website last year. David, the son of a 17-year-old bank employee, finally won the case of website design for $5,000. And if you hire a professional designer, it will cost 25 thousand dollars. Young David didn't complain about the low salary, but took it as an opportunity to try to develop bigger business in the future. In fact, many young amateur web designers started from a lower asking price and embarked on the road of professional design. Philip, another boy aged 17, is famous for winning a prize in a web design competition. Now there are so many web design and production businesses, and even an adult consultant is hired as a broker, and the consultant can get a reward of 15%. Many savvy bosses are now turning to the young market to find web designers and computer programmers. According to the newspaper, a college student in his early twenties in Beijing started developing software with a doctoral student, and then independently developed software for a company engaged in futures information. Earned 0.2 million/200 thousand and got a laptop worth nearly 30 thousand. Some adventurous amateur web designers are unwilling to work for others and start working for themselves. The well-known "Blue River Screen Studio" is one of the representatives. At the beginning, making web pages for enterprises was their main business. Because their web pages are very distinctive in local enterprise web pages, plus the low-cost operation mode, the studio has strong competitiveness. Soon, the Chinese website affiliated to the Asian headquarters of an international company took a fancy to them again, and the studio undertook the customer service work of this website. Public relations talents will be hot. With the increasing penetration and practice of advanced foreign public relations concepts, public relations undertakings are becoming more and more professional and standardized. The original low-level "public relations personnel" gradually became overwhelmed in the standardized public relations operation and were eliminated. The increasingly standardized public relations cause urgently needs regular public relations talents; Chinese public relations companies are growing day by day, and foreign public relations companies are rushing to the beach, and the competition for talents is fierce; At the same time, public relations professional services tend to be refined, and public relations talents need professional background. This year, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security has officially approved the establishment of the Public Relations Professional Committee of the National Vocational Qualification Working Committee, and formally formulated and promulgated the national professional standards for public relations personnel, filling the gap in the professional standards for public relations in the Mainland. Many public relations professionals believe that if China successfully joins the WTO, not only will more foreign-funded enterprises invest in China, but also more mainland enterprises will compete in the international market. By then, public relations will become more popular, and high-quality public relations talents who are familiar with foreign languages, have a certain professional background and are familiar with Chinese and western cultures will be favored. Future Star-Sports Agent In the international sports world, with the appearance of a big-name star, the name of a sports agent will become a household name. Tai Sen's tens of millions of income in a game must be inseparable from its "event agent" Jintang; Michael Jordan earns $30 million a year. In a sense, it was agent David Fogg who recast the glory of the NBA. At present, there are only 14 brokers recognized by FIFA in Asia, including 8 Japanese and 4 Korean, while China is still blank. In many developed countries, the proportion of sports in the national economy has obviously increased, and some have become the pillar industries of the country. Sports agents connect athletes, clubs, associations, sponsors and advertisers, and get commissions from athletes' salaries, bonuses, appearance fees and other commercial profits, which has done a lot of work for the popularization, standardization and internationalization of competitive sports and the cultivation and growth of sports talents. They have become an indispensable positive factor to enliven the sports market and promote the development of modern sports. Since the news of the first batch of sports agents was released, the three telephones of the Sports Economic Management Office of Beijing Municipal Sports Commission have become a veritable hotline. As a result, the number of places in the first training course for sports agents was adjusted repeatedly, and finally it had to be fixed at 164, far exceeding the planned maximum number of people. After long-term development and practice, the industry management of foreign sports agents is becoming more and more perfect. Twenty-four states in the United States have made special laws and regulations. Belgium, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, France and other countries have also set up institutions of higher learning to train sports agents. In the fierce competition, the business scope of sports agents began to show diversification, including negotiation, consultation, research, service, television, sponsorship and promotion ... Now, what an excellent athlete needs to do is to train with peace of mind and compete with peace of mind. The first sports agents in China will be lawyers, accountants, journalists, university teachers and company managers. Jennings, secretary-general of the International Federation of Track and Field Agents, believes that successful sports agents should have professional ability, creativity, adaptability and adaptability. From this perspective, speaking several languages at the negotiating table is only an essential tool for a sports agent. As for the first batch of sports agents who are about to be born, the relevant persons of the State Sports General Administration believe that with the expansion of sports exchanges, the business scope of sports agents is not limited to the domestic market, and they have begun to extend their reach to other countries and regions as much as possible. It is not enough for sports agents in China to be satisfied with the domestic market. After obtaining the employment certificate of China sports agent, the next goal should be the qualification certificate of international sports agent. Entrepreneurs and Foreign Agents In view of the fact that more than half of China's state-owned enterprises have lost money, people are increasingly aware of the importance of an entrepreneur. In a sense, in modern enterprises, the role of an excellent entrepreneur is greater than that of 100 excellent engineers and 1000 excellent workers, because even the best "screws" must be realized through the good operation of production, supply and marketing, that is, management. At present, the property right and mechanism of enterprises in China are changing day by day, and the enterprise legal person implements the bidding system and annual salary system, which is actually the process of handing over the management right of enterprises to real entrepreneurs. After the market economy is developed, the government only cares about the macro, enterprises are the main body of the market, economic behavior is more realized through enterprises, and consumers are the last link. More and more enterprises will play an increasingly important role in people's lives, and the demand for professional entrepreneurs is growing. In contrast, the demand of foreign agents is increasing. Today, the earth has become a "village", and international exchanges are getting closer and closer, especially in the economic field. According to the statistics of China in recent three years, the number of foreign agents is increasing at a rate of more than 500% every year. At present, there are more than 50 thousand people, and a professional class has been formed in many big cities. Whether it is a foreign-funded enterprise or a state-owned enterprise, the value of top managers is increasingly bullish. In recent years, the emerging "headhunting companies" also regard excellent entrepreneurs and foreign agents as one of their key targets. International business planning 2 1 century is the hottest. 2 1 century, business planning will become one of the most popular occupations with the best development prospects, the highest income and the most stable employment. At present, enterprises in China are short of talents who can provide business planning. These strategists must be people with rich business experience, who are good at speaking or writing, who are good at independent thinking and have strong insight and innovative consciousness, who can produce good ideas or new suggestions, who are familiar with the operation mechanism of the industry and have a strategic vision for the development of the industry, and who can help enterprises overcome the crisis of transformation. These people can always provide new ideas and new ideas in their respective fields. Being able to develop new fields, new topics and new products with more strategic value, and constantly forming unparalleled advantages, become the most popular crowd, and these people often get the business planner certification (WBSA). WBSA certification is an evaluation by the World Association of Business Strategists on the actual working level of people with considerable planning level, and it is an international recognition of WBSA certified business planners. At present, the World Association of Business Strategists is the only authoritative global planning organization. The agency has set up development agencies in Canada, Britain, the United States and other countries, and trained a number of world-class business planners. This work has just started in China. At present, the exclusive representative office in Beijing has initiated the first batch of certification to the Beijing planning community, and two people have obtained the first batch of WBSA certification in Beijing. At present, 40 people in China have obtained this certificate. Investment consultant experts pointed out that at present, domestic mass investment is still in its infancy, and there are problems such as too narrow and single investment channels, keen on short-term operation, strong speculation for quick success and instant benefit, and blind investment, which not only increases the risk coefficient of private investment, but also provides opportunities for illegal institutions to illegally manipulate investment. The more I learn, the less I know. Faced with the rising upsurge of personal finance, people can hear the call for help everywhere. Young people expect to make plans for their limited money, while old people ponder how to make their savings have long-term benefits, but the learning of financial management skills can not be done overnight. Although various experts introduce investment knowledge and recommend investment methods in the media from time to time, everyone's financial situation is very different, and there is no room for any mistakes in financial management. How do people invest? This may mean that a new industry-personal investment consultant will be promising. Real estate, automobile and insurance salesmen With the commercialization of China's housing system and the vigorous development of commercial housing credit business, more and more real estate companies are carrying out the installment purchase business. The purchase of commercial housing has become the first choice for most people in China after home appliances, and the competition among real estate developers is becoming increasingly fierce. The most effective means of promotion is to hire a large number of salesmen. With the sharp drop of automobile price, the increase of national income year by year and the further development of transportation network, it is no longer a myth that automobiles entered more than one third of families in China in 2 1 century, but this aspect is almost blank in China families and needs a lot of marketers to promote it; With the increase of national per capita property and people's understanding of the benefits of the insurance industry, as well as China's regulation of the insurance industry, insurance has been paid more and more attention, and various insurance institutions have proliferated at the end of this century; In the new century, door-to-door sales of insurance policies will be as common as door-to-door sales of cosmetics at present; Therefore, becoming an expert as soon as possible and learning to tackle key problems will make your market bullish. Property management personnel The term property management appeared in China in recent years. Now many cities and States have their own property management companies, which are developing at an alarming rate, which is the inevitable product of the market economy. With the gradual maturity of the market economy, there will be more property companies to manage properties that government departments can't manage or have no energy to manage, such as commercial housing communities. Looking at the existing property management companies in China, only a few in Shenzhen and other places can satisfy the public. The key problem is not that the equipment can't keep up, but the lack of relevant management talents. It is reported that many famous universities are already considering adding property management majors. Tomorrow's candidates may wish to focus on the property management major, and you will definitely make a difference then. Psychologists With the progress of society and the general improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to the quality of life, not only to food, clothing, play, physical health, family harmony and happiness, but also to mental health. Health includes physical health and mental health, which has been recognized in China. Due to the accelerated pace of life, the frequency of people's labor, especially the frequency of mental work, has also accelerated accordingly. After the psychological load increases, mental illness has also increased accordingly. People without mental illness, under the strong material alienation, are also eager to strengthen interpersonal communication. At present, there are five psychologists in every 10,000 people in China, but they are still too busy. There are more and more hotlines, hotlines, hotlines, newspapers and periodicals engaged in psychological counseling, which is also the embodiment that China people attach importance to the quality of life. Psychological counseling is a science, and not everyone can become a psychiatrist. With the improvement of people's quality, people's demand for scientific psychological consultation will be higher and higher. Environmental protection and energy experts In the last century, the consumption of energy such as oil, coal and natural gas increased by 400% compared with the last century, and environmental pollution increased by 250%, which led to the extinction or near extinction of many animals and plants in this world. The polluted area exceeds 50%. Energy crisis and environmental pollution are another major problem after the explosion of the earth's population, which has aroused the concern of the whole society. Energy-saving, finding new energy sources, comprehensive pollution control and environmental management have become one of the priority issues in industrial development. Many countries should consider whether to save energy and whether the environmental pollution exceeds the standard before going to Malaysia for new projects. Therefore, experts in environmental protection and energy will become more and more popular. In modern society, education is particularly important, and the status of teachers is getting higher and higher, especially some famous schools and key schools, which make people break through the threshold. It takes some fierce competition to undertake the heavy responsibility of teaching and educating people. Fashion Observers Some fashion companies, model companies and advertising companies in Europe and America have high-paid fashion observers. Their task is to go shopping, observe the clothes of pedestrians and get inspiration from them. Of course, these "observers" have a high level of education and are good at capturing inspiration and creating fashion products through "observation". It is understood that the advertising planning companies of some well-known fashion companies in China have also begun to set up "fashion observers". Biologists. Understanding the success of genetic engineering of human genome will change the medical field. Professions such as gene therapists and gene engineers will no longer be the patents of a few pioneers. Foreign language talents. Popular foreign language talents must also be familiar with the political and social situation of the target country, proficient in computer operation, have certain management experience, or have certain professional expertise. Medical workers. The aging population and the increasing affluence of life will make the health care industry one of the most profitable industries in the next century. Secretary. It is predicted that in the next century, secretaries who can skillfully use computers and make good use of electronic tools will be more popular. In addition, there are some industries whose importance people haven't realized yet, and they will also become areas where talents are scarce in the new millennium. These industries are now in their infancy, and fewer people are engaged. However, in the 2 1 century, people engaged in the following special businesses are indeed indispensable. Imitator. With the computerization of production process and digitization of production content, more and more goods can be copied quickly. Counterfeit products are not equal to fake products, and many counterfeit products are indistinguishable from genuine products in quality. Micro-technical talents. In the first 20 years of 2 1 century, scientists will probably master the technology of making objects by atoms. Micro-technical talents will be more scarce. A generation with entrepreneurial experience will push micro-technology to the peak, just as the internet swept the world in this century. Quantum computer engineer. According to the current speed of computer development, silicon chip technology will reach its limit by 20 10. Quantum computer engineers can provide molecular chips for commercial production design and bring us a new generation of computers. Geographic information talents. Using geographic information system, data can be transformed into space-related images, such as maps, virtual scenes, urban planning maps and so on. , which can make people use it more conveniently and quickly. Geographic information talents will also become scarce talents in the new century.
"Which majors have good graduation prospects?" This problem has been puzzling students and parents. In this regard, I learned from the relevant state departments yesterday that the statistical results of college graduation flow have been basically completed, and the top ten majors in popular industries such as state organs, financial institutions and foreign-funded enterprises have been scheduled. Computer major still becomes the "darling" of popular occupations.
Specifically: state organs: law, economics, investigation, international economic law, English, accounting, international trade, administration, administrative law, clinical medicine; The top ten teaching majors in universities are: English, physical education, pedagogy, clinical medicine, computer and its application, computer science and technology, communication engineering, architecture, sports training and law; Enter the forefront of national scientific research departments: architecture, communication engineering, architectural engineering, mechanical engineering, automation electronic engineering, computer science and technology, computer application, computer automation, electrical engineering and its automation, industrial automation; State-owned enterprises: accounting, computer, communication engineering, construction engineering, mechanical design and manufacturing, industrial automation, electrical engineering and automation, power system automation, mechanical and electronic engineering; The top ten majors of financial institutions are: international finance, monetary banking, accounting, computer and application, investment economics, economic law, economics, information management, insurance and international trade; The top ten majors of foreign-funded enterprises are: accounting, computer science and technology, mechanical engineering automation, communication engineering, English, computer application, international finance, electrical engineering, marketing, mechanical design and manufacturing.
In addition, the top ten majors abroad are: chemistry, computer science and technology, English, international finance, biochemistry, applied physics, international economy, radio technology, informatics and computer.
For the ranking of professional flow in colleges and universities, educators analyze that the ranking of professional flow is only a basic reference, and the professional flow actually changes every year.
As a bridge major student in an architectural college, my work is relatively good compared with the employment form in recent years. Now, except for a few students who took the postgraduate entrance examination, almost all of our 4 1 students have signed jobs. The early signing time and high employment rate also attracted the attention of the whole school. According to the national policy, it seems that the prospect of road and bridge specialty is still very promising!
What is popular is not necessarily what you like, and what you are good at is not necessarily conducive to employment in the future.
I study computer, and now I go to the railway bureau to take charge of signals. My friend is an accountant and now works as a legal consultant. It's hard to say in the future. There are still many people who have found the most popular major, but they have become the most embarrassing major after graduation. Also, it's better to have a big trend that you feel like, rather than pursuing the hottest one. Think about it. The hottest major now is the one with the largest number of students when you graduate in the future. In that case, it will also be the major with the greatest employment pressure.
It's college entrance examination season again! "Throw away the hoe and let's enter the examination room", which is the cry of people with lofty ideals who have been waiting for ten years after 1977 resumed the college entrance examination.
"Examination → volunteering" is an important turning point in life. What major would people choose 28 years ago to realize their ambitions? Which majors were popular in those years? Today, 28 years later, how will young people who have studied hard for ten years decide their future path at this crossroads, and what changes have taken place in their popular majors?
Behind every choice, there is no doubt that the brand of the times is engraved. Beliefs, ideals and interests may or may not be related.
Philosophy, from the peak to the bottom
Year: 1977 to 1980.
Four years before the resumption of college entrance examination: philosophy is the hottest
On June 7th, the reporter went to Nanjing University to look for 1977 teacher in charge of enrollment. Because the pointer of time has passed 28 years, the teachers in the school have also changed "one crop after another". After some efforts, I found that the teacher in charge of enrollment at that time was Zhang Yadao, who is currently in Wuxi Taihu College! Teacher Zhang told the reporter that because there is no information at hand, I can only give a general introduction.
Zhang Xia said: 1977 was the first year after the Cultural Revolution. In the past ten years, talented young people all want to realize their college dreams through the college entrance examination. Major? At that time, people were more concerned about how to enter the university, so they generally filled in whatever they liked, and more according to individuals.