Winter jasmine, also known as golden plum, golden belt, Qingming flower, golden waist and small yellow flower, is a deciduous shrub of Oleaceae. Named after its earliest flowering among all flowers, it is also called "four friends in the snow" with plum blossom, daffodil and camellia, and is one of the precious flowers in China. Winter jasmine is not only dignified and beautiful in color, extraordinary in temperament, but also has the characteristics of not being afraid of cold, not choosing to adapt to local conditions and strong adaptability, and has always been loved by people. winter jasmine

Chinese alias

Golden belt, string of golden incense, Yunan Yingchun, Ye Yingchun, evergreen vine shrub, Yingchun willow.

morphological character

Deciduous shrub, slender branches, arched and drooping growth, more than 2m long. The lateral branches are stout, quadrangular and green. The trifoliate compound leaves are opposite, 2-3 cm long, and the leaflets are oval, smooth and entire. Flowers are solitary in leaf axils, with cup-shaped corolla, bright yellow, 6-lobed at the top, or compound leaves. The flowering period lasts for 50 days from March to May.

Ecological habit

Like light, slightly tolerant of shade, slightly cold, afraid of waterlogging, can overwinter in North China and Yanling in the open air, requiring warm and humid climate, loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage, which grows vigorously in acidic soil and poorly in alkaline soil. The roots germinate vigorously. The landing part of the branch takes root easily.

breeding method

Multipurpose cutting. Select 1 year-old branches, cut them into 15cm long, and irrigate them in the whole seedbed, then they can be cut. You can also dry-cut, that is, cut the whole seedbed and then irrigate it with water. Cutting can be carried out from the middle of 10 of 65438 to the middle of 10 of 65438 or in spring. After rooting, it can be planted alone, divided into plants or propagated in layers.

Cultivation and modeling

Jasmine in spring forms flower buds on 1 annual branches, which bloom from the end of winter to the next spring. Therefore, after the flowers wither every year, all the flower branches should be cut short to promote the growth of more lateral branches, increase the amount of flowers and strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. winter jasmine

Gao Qian's Spring Festival Culture

You can choose water wax seedlings with breast diameter above 2cm, and perform abdominal grafting at 1m or a certain height when they sprout in early spring. Take the branches of Jasminum nudiflorum as scions, with the length of 8- 10 cm, and carry out grafting. Then tie it tightly with a film, wrap it in a plastic bag, and gradually tear the bag after the branches survive, so that they can breathe freely to exercise seedlings, pick their hearts to promote side branches and cultivate crown shapes.

Suitable range

Originated in South China and Southwest subtropical areas, South China is widely cultivated, which can be planted in North China, Anhui and Henan, and also in Yanling County. winter jasmine

Garden use

The branches of the Spring Festival droop in spring, and bloom first and then fall in late winter and early spring. These flowers are golden and the leaves are green. It should be arranged on the lakeside, stream side, bridge head, corner or lawn, forest edge and slope in the garden. It can also be planted around the house for flower viewing in early spring. Flowers, leaves and shoots can be used as medicine.

Distribution of origin

Originated in northern China, mainly distributed in North China, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong and other provinces. Winter jasmine is cold-tolerant, sunny, drought-tolerant but not waterlogged. Propagation is mainly based on branching, layering and cutting. It is often used to decorate flower beds and gardens. It is an important flower and plant in early spring. Often cultivated everywhere for viewing; It is also distributed in the central and northern provinces of China. winter jasmine

Leaves are used as medicine to reduce swelling and detoxify, treat swelling and pain, malignant sores and traumatic injuries; Flowers can relieve fever and diuresis, and treat fever, headache and urinary heat pain. Both leaves and roots contain syringin and geniposide. Reproduction by cutting or layering.

Edit this paragraph for pests and diseases.

Jasmine leaf

Symptoms: Plant diseases caused by cucumber mosaic virus. Symptoms are small and deformed leaves with dark green spots or yellowing. The infected plants do not bloom, or they do, and the flowers are short, deformed and mottled (see figure). The transmission route is mainly through peach aphid and cotton aphid. The source of infection is mainly the infected plants of the surrounding weeds. Prevention and control methods: First of all, weeds should be removed in time to reduce the source of infection. Secondly, aphids should be prevented as soon as possible to eliminate vectors. [ 1]

Brown spot of winter jasmine

Symptoms: Most of them occur in the spring of the four seasons. It is caused by Alternaria. Hemiptera. There are brown spots on the leaves of infected plants. The route of infection is to spread conidia through wind and rain. Prevention and treatment: Spraying 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times solution and other fungicides at the initial stage of the disease. [2]

Botrytis cinerea

Symptoms: it is one of the common diseases of winter jasmine, which occurs all over the country. When this plant became ill, the whole plant turned yellow and died. The disease mainly infects leaves, tender stems, flower organs and other parts. It mainly occurs at the tip and edge of the blade. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves appeared water spots, which gradually expanded and became brown and rotten. In the later stage, a gray-yellow mold layer was formed on the surface of the lesion. After stem infection, the lesion is brown and gradually decays. After infection, the flower organs also turn brown and rot and fall off. Under humid conditions, botrytis cinerea layer appears in the affected area, which is a major feature of the disease. The disease overwinters with sclerotia in the disabled and soil. The temperature is about 20℃, the air humidity is high, and it is easy to get sick. Spread through wind and rain, tools and irrigation water. In the greenhouse, the disease is the most serious in late winter and early spring. Prevention and control methods: the planting density should be reasonable. Pay attention to ventilation and reduce air humidity. Remove diseased leaves and plants in time to reduce the source of infection. Spraying 50% prochloraz or 50% chlorpheniramine wettable powder 1500 times at the initial stage of the disease. It is best to use it alternately with 500 times solution of 65% metronidazole wettable powder to prevent drug resistance. [3]

Spot disease of winter jasmine

Symptoms: It mainly harms plant leaves. The disease spread from the lower part of the plant to the upper part. Lesions are usually 3 to 4 mm in diameter and brown. In severe cases, the diseased leaves die, resulting in defoliation. This disease is caused by Stylosanthes. Pathogen overwinters on the diseased body by mycelium or conidia, and seeds can also carry bacteria, which becomes the primary source of infection in the next year. The disease mainly depends on conidia spreading with air and rain. Reinfection often occurs during the growing season. Usually, plants are prone to get sick in warm and humid weather and when applying nitrogen fertilizer. Generally, the disease begins in July and is prevalent from August to 10. Control methods: breeding disease-resistant varieties, strengthening fertilizer and water management, increasing application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and avoiding partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. Spraying 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times solution plus 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times solution or1:100 bordeaux solution at the initial stage of the disease. [4]

Bacterial leaf spot of winter jasmine

Symptoms: Most of them occur on leaves and receptacle. At the beginning, irregular lesions appeared along the veins, then turned yellow and brown, and the lesions expanded and the leaf margin dried up. In severe cases, it will die from the lower leaves. Prevention and control methods: strengthen cultivation management, cultivate disease-free seedlings, and disinfect seedbed soil; The greenhouse should be ventilated in time to reduce the air humidity. Remove the diseased plant residues in time. Spraying 500 times 50% copper succinate wettable powder or 4000 times 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder after onset. [5]

Common pests

Control method of aphid and giant salamander: spray with 50% phoxim EC 1000 times solution. [6]

Edit the medicinal value of this paragraph.

Alias: Little Yellow Flower, Golden Belt (Qunfang Spectrum), (Yunnan Yearbook), Huangmei (Botanical Dictionary), Qingming Flower (Guizhou Folk Medicine). Source: Winter jasmine. Jasmine, Oleaceae, whose leaves and flowers are used as medicine. Pick flowers in spring and leaves in summer. Fresh or dry. winter jasmine

Collection: harvesting and drying in February-April. Nature and taste return to the meridian: leaves: bitter and flat. Flowers: sweet, astringent and flat. Indications: Leaves: detoxification, detumescence, hemostasis and pain relief. Can be used for treating traumatic injury, traumatic hemorrhage, stomatitis, carbuncle and furuncle, and pruritus vulvae. Flowers: clearing away heat and diuresis, detoxifying. Can be used for treating fever, headache, urinary heat pain, and lower limb ulcer. Usage and dosage: Leaves: 2 ~ 3 yuan. Apply fresh external products to the affected area or take sitz bath with water decoction. Flower: 1 ~ 3 yuan. Grind the powder for external use and apply sesame oil to the affected area. * Excerpt from: National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine.

Edit the section on reproduction and cultivation.

Cutting is the main method, and layering and ramet propagation can also be used. Cutting can be done in spring, summer and autumn. Semi-lignified branches, with the length of 12- 15 cm, were inserted into sandy soil, kept moist, and took root about 15. Layering: Bury the longer branches in the sand without being scratched, take root after 40-50 days, and transplant them separately from the mother plant in the next spring. The division of plants can be carried out when they sprout in spring. When transplanting in spring, some overground branches should be cut off and lodging soil should be brought. During the growth process, pay attention to the fact that the soil can't accumulate water and be excessively dry, and properly fertilize 2-3 times before and after flowering. Prune and reshape in autumn and winter to keep more new flowers. Pests and diseases often occur leaf spot disease and dead branch disease, and 1500 times of 50% bactericidal wettable powder can be sprayed. Insect pests do great harm to aphids and giant salamander, spraying 50% phoxim EC 1000 times. winter jasmine

Winter jasmine is warm and cold-resistant. The flowering period of the Spring Festival is affected by the temperature, and it is open from late October to April from south to north at 65438+/kloc-0. If you want to blossom in the Spring Festival, you can move the flower buds into the sunny room at 12 ~ 16℃ 2 ~ 3 weeks before the Spring Festival, and water them for 3 days 1 time, and often spray water on the branches and leaves. If the flowers don't bloom before the Spring Festival 1 week, the room temperature can be raised to 20.

Edit this paragraph to identify differences.

Yingchun and Forsythia suspensa

Deciduous shrub of Oleaceae, widely cultivated in China; There are many similarities between the two plants. They bloom at the same time, open yellow flowers, bloom first and then grow leaves. So many people can't tell these two plants apart. In fact, the difference between the two is obvious: winter jasmine.

1) The old branches of Yingchun are grayish brown, with quadrangular branchlets, slender, arched and green. Yequan is a trifoliate compound leaf, which grows symmetrically in a cross. The leaves are small, oval, entire and narrow and sharp at the top. Flowers are solitary, yellow, tall, disc-shaped, and inserted between the axils of annual branches. Forsythia suspensa branches are round, the branchlets are light brown, the stems are hollow, often drooping, the leaves are large, the shape is rectangular, the upper part is serrated neatly, and the lower part is full. Single leaf or 3 pairs of opposite leaves, in which the top leaf is larger and the two sides are smaller. These flowers are golden yellow with wide petals. 2) The branchlets of Yingchun are green, and those of Forsythia suspensa are dark in color, generally light brown. 3) Flowers in Spring Festival have 6 petals each, while those in Forsythia suspensa only have 4) Flowers in Spring Festival seldom bear fruit, while those in Forsythia suspensa bear fruit.

Jasminum nudiflorum and Wild Jasminum nudiflorum (Yunnan Jasminum nudiflorum)

Both of them belong to Jasminum of Oleaceae and are widely cultivated in China. They are very similar, but there are some differences: 1) Jasminum nudiflorum is a deciduous shrub, which blooms first and then leaves, and has no leaves at full bloom. Ye Yingchun is an evergreen shrub with green leaves during flowering. 2) The flower tube of Jasminum nudiflorum is long, while that of wild Jasminum nudiflorum is short. 3) The winter jasmine in 3)Xi 'an area blooms from the end of February to March, earlier than the plum blossom in the same area. The flowering period of Ye Yingchun in Xi 'an is often in early April, about one month before the Spring Festival Evening, and obviously later than the plum blossom. Yunnan Jasmine (Ye Yingchun)

Edit the questions related to this paragraph.

How can the Spring Festival blossom more? In the cold wind at the end of winter and the beginning of spring, Jasminum nudiflorum can produce clusters of golden florets, such as bright Venus covered with branches, which brings abundant spring to the indifferent early spring. In early summer, the leaves are lush and the branches are swaying, so they are very beautiful, so they are widely welcomed and cultivated by people. The propagation of this kind of flower is relatively easy, and it can be done by dividing plants, layering and cutting. Plant division should be carried out before leaf opening in spring. When its leaves and branches touch the ground, they will produce adventitious roots, so in the growing season, the branches will be pressed into the soil and fixed without being scratched, and generally young branches with strong vitality can be produced. It is also easy to survive by cutting. Just take about 10 cm of semi-lignified shoots, insert them into sand or soil, keep them moist, and take root after 2 weeks. In early spring and rainy season, you can also choose old branches with good posture for cutting. After survival, with a little binding and pruning, it can become an ancient bonsai. winter jasmine

Winter jasmine grows vigorously, has strong adaptability, and is cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, but it is not difficult to cultivate because it is afraid of waterlogging and Xiyang is slightly light-tolerant. However, to achieve the effect of dense flowers, more scientific and reasonable maintenance is needed. First, the necessary pruning should be carried out. Flowers in spring are mostly concentrated on annual branches, and biennial branches bloom less. Therefore, after flowering every year, the flower branches should be pruned again, leaving only 3-4 buds at the base and less weak branches. When the new shoots grow to a certain length, they should be picked according to the matching degree between the pot plant size and the plant shape, or repeatedly shortened to promote branching. Generally, it will not be cut short after mid-July, which can inhibit the vigorous growth of new shoots and is conducive to the enrichment of new shoots and the formation of flower buds. Moreover, after many shortcuts, you can avoid long branches and save the trouble of knotting. Pruning after flowering in spring, applying decomposed cake fertilizer or base fertilizer once, and applying manure once every half month during the growing period. Remember to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the later growth stage to promote the branches to be stronger after pruning. Daily management is mainly to keep the soil moist without watering. When the climate is dry, it can be used to increase humidity and prevent water from accumulating in the basin after rain. In summer, when the head of the fierce mouth has high temperature, it is more beneficial to move to the semi-shade. Before and after the Spring Festival, move the flowerpot into the greenhouse or plastic shed, keep the room temperature at about 15℃, and you can see the flowers in about 15 days. Planting, potted use and maintenance of winter jasmine? Cultivation of winter jasmine

Planting pots have strong adaptability to spring, like light, cold, drought, alkali and waterlogging, and have no strict requirements on soil. They can grow in slightly acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline soils, but they grow best in loose and fertile sandy soil. Planting is usually carried out after flowers wither or in mid-September. If you want to cultivate the root-lifting type, you can raise the root properly when planting, but don't raise it too high at a time, otherwise it will be bad for growth. Since winter jasmine is yellow, light blue, purple and black pots should be chosen when planting, so that the colors of pots and flowers can be coordinated. If cultivated properly, there will be yellow flowers in spring, green leaves in summer and autumn, green vines in winter and spring all year round. Maintenance management (1) website. During the Spring Festival, those newly planted or changed pots should be watered, kept in the shade for about 10 days, and then placed in a semi-cloudy and semi-sunny place; Cure for a week, and then put it in a sunny, well-ventilated and humid place for curing. In winter, the pots planted with spring flowers in the south can survive the winter safely as long as they are buried in the soil in the leeward and sunny places, while in the north, they should be moved indoors when the temperature is low (about 5℃) in early winter. If you want to make the Spring Festival blossom ahead of time, you can move it into a sunny room with moderate or high temperature, such as placing it in the sunny place around 13℃, spraying clean water on the branches and leaves twice a day, and it will bloom in about 20 days. If it is placed indoors in the sunny place at about 20℃, it will bloom in about 10 days. Keep the room temperature at about 8℃ after flowering, and be careful not to let the wind blow directly on it, which can prolong the flowering period. After the flowers bloom, the higher the room temperature, the faster the flowers wither. (2) water. Spring Festival is humid, especially in hot summer. Water it once a day in the morning and properly in the afternoon. In order to keep the environmental humidity low, water should be sprayed on the ground frequently. Yingchun is afraid of water in the basin. In rainy season, when it rains continuously, the basin should be put down or moved to a place without rain. In winter, the temperature is low, water evaporation is less, and water is less. winter jasmine

(3) fertilization. When planting in the Spring Festival, put some animal hoof pieces at the bottom of the pot as base fertilizer. In the spring growing season, the decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied 1 ~ 2 times a month. July-August is the flower bud differentiation period of winter jasmine, so liquid fertilizer containing more phosphorus should be applied to facilitate the formation of flower buds. For example, in the early flowering stage, applying a decomposed and thin organic liquid fertilizer can make the color gorgeous and prolong the flowering period. (4) plastic surgery. The germination ability of winter jasmine is very strong. In order to keep the tree shape, we should always pick the heart, cut off or shorten some branches during the growing period. After the flowers wither, the branches should be cut short, generally leaving only 2 ~ 3 buds, and the main branches can leave more buds appropriately. After the new branches are born, if they are properly maintained, the buds will be clustered.